| 释义 |
† solein, a. and n. Obs.
Forms: 4, 6 solein(e, 4–6 soleyn(e, 6 solleine; 4 soulein, 5 souleyn; 5 solain, 6 solaine; 5 sulayne, 5–6 solayn(e.
[app. a. AF. *solein, *solain, a derivative of sol sole a. Cf. OF. soltain, soutain (med.L. solitaneus). Now represented by sullen a. (see sense 5).]
A. adj.
1. Unique, singular. rare.
c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 982 Trewly she was to myn eye, The soleyn Fenix of Arabye, For there lyueth never but one. c1460Wisdom 579 in Macro Plays, Kynde nobyll of kynrede, me ioy yovyn hase, Ande þat makyt me soleyn. c1475Partenay 6104 So by hym was made and furged again Off Maillers the church, with fresh werke solain.
b. Singular, strange, unusual.
1390Gower Conf. II. 16 Therof a solein tale I rede, Which I schal telle in remembraunce Upon the sort of loves chaunce. c1475Partenay 5431 Where ye shall finde this solain auenture, Full strang vnto sight of ech creature.
2. One and no more; single, sole.
a1400–50Alexander 3805 Þis solayne sope if I sup quethire sustene it may Þe menbris of þe Messedones & of þe many Persens. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 134 Anothyr yewyth a vyse consail and Sauyth al a roialme, and so may noght do the Souleyn streynth of one man.
3. Of places: Lonely, solitary. rare.
1388Wyclif Job iii. 14 Consuls of erthe, that bilden to hem soleyn places [L. solitudines]. 1390Gower Conf. III. 6 Ofte, whanne I scholde pleie, It makth me drawe out of the weie In soulein place be miselve.
b. Of actions: Done in privacy or solitude.
c1475Partenay 4394 Noght-withstandying [he] went to se hir dedes solain.
4. Apart from or destitute of a companion or companions; unaccompanied by another or others; all alone; solitary.
c1381Chaucer Parl. Foules 607 Lat eche of hem ben soleyn al here lyue. Ibid. 614 Leue thow soleyn. 1390Gower Conf. I. 320 Thus fulofte there he sat To muse in his philosophie Solein withoute compaignie. a1400Morte Arth. 2592, I gyfe þe grace,..With-thy thowe say me sothe what thowe here sekes, Thus sengilly and sulayne alle þiselfe one. a1412Lydg. Two Merchants 527 He weepith, wayleth soleyn and solitarye. a1542Wyatt Ps. cii. 20 in Anglia XIX. 437 So made I me the solaine pelycane.
b. Of life: Spent in solitude.
c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 2723 His solayn lif he had begonn he vsed forth als he was wonn.
5. Averse to society; disinclined to be sociable or friendly; morose, sullen.
For the later history of this sense see sullen a.
1399Langl. Rich. Redeles iv. 66 And some were so soleyne and sad of her wittis, Þat er they come to þe clos acombrid þey were. a1400Rom. Rose 3896 He hateth alle trechours, Soleyn folk and envyous. c1440Promp. Parv. 463 Soleyne, of maners, or he þat lovythe no cumpany, solitarius. a1529Skelton Sp. Parrot 304 Addressyng your selfe, lyke a sadde messengere, To ower soleyne seigneour Sadoke. ― Agst. Comely Coystrowne 51 It is a solemnpne syre and a solayne. 1597J. King On Jonas (1618) 282 Philo, mee thinketh, rightly expressed the qualities of these Saturnine, solleine, discontented men.
b. transf. Of bearing or demeanour.
1534More Comf. agst. Tribulacyon ii. Wks. 1200/1 An whole floud of all unhappy mischief, arrogant maner, high solayn solemne port. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. May 213 At last her solein silence she broke, And gan his newe budded beard to stroke.
6. Reserved, retiring, modest.
c1450Mirour Saluacioun (Roxb.) 27 Hire speche was lawe and soft, souleyn and fulle discrete.
B. n.
1. A single or solitary person.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xii. 205 He sit neither..wyth maydenes ne with martires, confessoures ne wydwes, But by hym-self as a soleyne, and serued on þe erthe.
2. A portion of food for one person.
Perhaps the same as OF. solain ‘portio monachica (Du Cange, s.v. solatium).
c1440Promp. Parv. 463 Soleyne, or a mees of mete for on a-lone, solinum.
Hence soleinty. Obs.
c1400Wycliffite Bible, Isaiah xxiv. 12 Soleyntee (ether desolacioun) is left in the citee, and wretchidnesse schal oppresse the ȝatis. 1420–22Lydg. Thebes i. 259 Thus ful ofte gendred is Envye In folkes hertes, of soleynte and pryde. |