| 释义 |
connexion, connection|kəˈnɛkʃən|
[ad. L. connexiōn-em (in cl. L. cōnexiōn-) binding together, close union, n. of action f. co(n)nect-ĕre (ppl. stem co(n)nex-) to connect: cf. F. connexion (14th c. Oresme), Pr. connexio, Sp. conexion, Pg. connexão, It. connessione. The etymological spelling connexion is the original in Eng.; in 17th c. it was supported by the verb connex; after the latter was displaced by connect, the n. began c 1725–50 to be often spelt connection, a spelling which, under the influence of etymologically-formed words, such as affection, collection, direction, inspection (all f. L. ppl. stems in -ect-), is now very frequent.
The earlier Eng. lexicographers, including Bailey, Johnson, Walker, Todd, Crabb, recognize connexion only. Connection appears in Webster (1828) who says ‘For the sake of regular analogy, I have inserted Connection as the derivative of the English connect, and would discard connexion’. This preference has been followed by other dictionaries in U.S. Latham would differentiate the two spellings and use connexion only in senses 5–8. Connexion is the official and invariable spelling in sense 8, and was used in all senses by the majority of writers (or printers) in England until the mid-20th c., when connection became more usual.]
1. a. The action of connecting or joining together; the condition of being connected or joined together.[Not in Shakes., nor in Bible of1611; not in Florio 1611(who has ‘Connessione, a connexing or ioyning’): in Cotgr. 1611(‘Connexion, a connexion, ioyning’).] 1609Bible (Douay) Ex. xxvi. 3 The other five [curtains] shal hang together with the connexion. 1615Crooke Body of Man 255 Making a sumphysis or connexion between the mother and the Infant. 1747Franklin Ess. Wks. 1840 III. 18 Separate filaments..without strength, because without connexion. 1797M. Baillie Morb. Anat. (1807) 272 Their close connection with the peritonæum. 1866A. Murray Geog. Distrib. Mammals 64 The probability of the connexion of Papua and Australia..being thus established.
b. of immaterial union or joining together.
1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxii. 122 A league being a connexion of men by Covenants. 1787A. Young in Glasgow Wkly. Herald (1883) 7 July 2/7 A correspondence might be carried on..between two lovers prohibited or prevented from any better connection. 1855Bain Senses & Int. i. ii. §8 (1864) 32 A complete and perfectly independent connexion [by telegraph] could be kept up between any two stations along the line. 1875Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. v. (ed. 5) 66 The connection of Church and State.
c. Electr. The linking up of electric current by contact; an apparatus or device for effecting this.
1832Natural Philos. (Libr. Usef. Knowl.) II. Electro-Magnetism ix. 46 When a connexion is made with the battery..so as to direct an electric current through the wire. 1885Watson & Burbury Math. Th. Electr. & Magn. I. 220 The potentials at every point..are the same as if there were no metallic connexion between P and Q. 1898Westm. Gaz. 9 June 5/1 The bombardment destroyed the French cable connexion house. 1907Installation News Sept. 12/2 Heavy brass connection terminals. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 191/1 Connexion-(or connecting-) box, a box containing terminals to which are brought a number of conductors of a wiring or distribution system, in order to facilitate the making of connexions between them.
2. a. The linking together of words or ideas in speech or thought; b. Consecutiveness, continuity or coherence of ideas.
1651Hobbes Leviath. i. iv, Speech, consisting of names and appellations, and their connexion. 1680Earl of Roscommon Horace's Art of P. (R.), So much good method and connection may Improve the common and the plainest things. 1754Richardson Grandison II. xxix. 271 Matrimony and Liberty—Girlish connexion as I have since thought. 1766Anstey Bath Guide ii. 93 And I hope, as I write without any connection, I shall make a great figure in Dodsley's Collection.
c. Contextual relation of thought, speech, or writing; context.
1724A. Collins Gr. Chr. Relig. 71 The Jewish Doctors are used to detach passages from their connection. 1790Porson Lett. Archd. Travis 310 Martin took the sentence out of its connection. 1827C. Bridges Exp. Ps. cxix. (1830) 3 It is interesting to notice the connexion in which the word is used. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 3 The word has been rendered in different places either Temperance or Wisdom, as the connection seemed to require.
d. Hence, in this (the same, another, etc.) connexion.
1780M. Madan Thelyph. I. 48 This word, in certain connexions, denotes, etc. 1807Hazlitt Pol. Ess. (1819) 413 The same argument..stated in the same connexion. 1833J. H. Newman Ch. of Fathers (1842) 412 Sulpicius..happens to mention [it] in another connexion. 1837H. Martineau Soc. in Amer. (1839) I. 277 One fact, in this connection, is, etc. 1844Bp. Wilberforce Hist. Episc. Ch. Amer. (1846) 13 In this connexion, it is full of interest to trace back. 1860Jowett in Ess. & Rev. 371 In different connexions. 1875M. Arnold God & Bible (1884) 173 Certain fundamental themes..appearing repeatedly and in several connexions. Ibid. 174 These three sayings..come in different connexions. [See F. Hall in The Nation (N.Y.) 5 Jan. 1888, p. 12.]
3. The condition of being related to something else by a bond of interdependence, causality, logical sequence, coherence, or the like; relation between things one of which is bound up with, or involved in, another.
1613Salkeld Treat. Angels 98 Unsignificant wordes, which have no connexion or proportion with the effect..produced. 1651Hobbes Govt. & Soc. Pref., Derived from true Principles by evident connexion. 1690Locke Hum. Und. ii. xxxi. §6 This property has no necessary connexion with that complex idea. 1736Butler Anal. i. i, The reason of the thing shows us no connection between death, and the destruction of living agents. 1784Cowper Task vi. 89 Knowledge and Wisdom, far from being one, Have ofttimes no connexion. 1833N. Arnott Physics (ed. 5) II. i. 129 The connexion of temperature with the rise of fevers and other pestilences. 1865Tylor Early Hist. Man. ii. 16 We have quite lost sight of the connection between the word and the idea. 1872E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 256 There was a close connexion during the early feudal period between rank and wealth.
4. a. Anything that connects; a connecting part.
1742Young N. Th. i. 74 [Man]..Connexion exquisite of distant Worlds! Distinguish'd Link in Being's endless Chain! 1751Smollett Per. Pic. (1779) II. lxx. 247 The robust connections of his limbs. 1882Worcester Exhib. Catal. iii. 5 Hot water connections.
b. A connecting passage, word, or particle.
1712Addison Spect. No. 416 ⁋2 Because it is impossible to draw the little Connexions of Speech, or to give the Picture of a Conjunction or an Adverb. 1754Richardson Grandison (ed. 7) IV. 4, I will only at present transcribe for you with some short connexions two letters.
5. a. A personal relation of intercourse, intimacy, common interest, or action; a having to do with. Often with pl.
1768Sterne Sent. Journ. (1775) I. 34 [He] made the whole tour..without one generous connection or pleasurable anecdote to tell of. 1773Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. i. ii, Well, if he supplies us with these, we shall want no further connexion. 1784Cowper Task ii. 634 These [we] form connexions, but acquire no friend. a1831Knox Rem. (1844) I. 96 Far from advising any man to break connexions once fairly formed. 1874Green Short Hist. v. 213 We find Chaucer in close connexion with the Court. 1886Morley Comte Crit. Misc. III. 341 To write of Saint Simon as a depraved Quack, and to deplore his connection with him.
b. Sexual relation or intercourse; a liaison.
1791Boswell Johnson an. 1744, The Earl Rivers, on account of a criminal connexion with whom, Lady Macclesfield is said to have been divorced from her husband. 1804Abernethy Surg. Obs. 168 He had had no connexion with any other woman. 1810― Syph. 6. A gentleman was connected with a female,..and derived from such connexion several..sores.
c. Practical relation with a thing or affair.
1860Tyndall Glac. i. i. 7 Such are the circumstances..under which my connexion with glaciers originated. 1888N. Brit. Daily Mail 24 Aug. 4/8 The failure of the [Fisheries] treaty was chiefly attributable to Mr. Chamberlain's connection with it.
6. a. Relationship by family ties, as marriage or distant consanguinity. Often with a and pl.
1773Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. v, The girl could not have made a more prudent choice. Hard. Then..I'm proud of the connexion. 1809Malkin Gil Bl. i. xvii. (Bohn) 53 He is a youth of good connections. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. 246 He was, by hereditary connection, a Cavalier. 1870L'Estrange Miss Mitford I. v. 147 Mr. Turner is certainly a man of high connections.
b. A person who is connected with others by ties of any kind; esp. a relative by marriage or distant consanguinity. (Orig. only in pl.)
1777Sheridan Sch. Scand. iii. iii, But pray, sir, are you acquainted with any of my connections? 1805Foster Ess. ii. (1819) 127 A decisive man..may be encountered by the strongest disapprobation of many of his connexions. 1822Byron Werner i. i. 689 The baron is my intimate connection. 1869Parkman Disc. Gt. West i. (1875) 1, Some of their connections held high diplomatic posts.
c. A supplier of narcotics; the action of supplying narcotics. slang (orig. U.S.).
1934Detective Fiction Weekly 21 Apr. 113/2 The person from whom the addict buys his stuff is called a connection. 1938F. Chester Shot Full ii. 14 Her husband..had not had a chance to tell her his connexion for obtaining the drug. Ibid. 17 To his extremely numerous clients, the drug-addicts, he was known as..a sure connexion. 1957J. Kerouac On Road (1958) xiii. 88 A couple of Negro characters whispered in my ear about tea... The connection came in and motioned me to the cellar toilet. 1960J. Gelber (title) The connection. 1967M. M. Glatt et al. Drug Scene vi. 71 For his first connection he paid {pstlg}1 per grain.
d. (Usu. preceded by qualifying word.) A gang of criminals, esp. drug-traffickers; hence, a route, etc., maintained by such a gang. Also transf. [Now often in allusion to the film The French Connection (1971), based on Moore's book: see quot. 1969.]
1969R. Moore (title) The French connection: the world's most crucial narcotics investigation. 1973C. Sagan (title) The cosmic connection. 1976N.Y. Times 25 Aug. 10 At least 15 other foreigners have been detained in the Soviet Union on narcotics charges.., reflecting a growing concern of the Soviet authorities about the ‘Moscow connection’, as some Westerners have nicknamed the Moscow transit route. 1977Chicago Tribune 2 Oct. i. 40/1 They reported on Chicago's ‘Mexican Connection’ to the U.S. House Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control. 1985Sunday Times 14 Apr. 23/2 Information from Britain had enabled them to disrupt a ‘Nigerian connection’; several Nigerians were arrested attempting to smuggle heroin into the United States. 1985Sunday Tel. 7 July 9/1 (heading) Operation Moses and the Belgian connection.
7. A body, or circle of persons connected together, or with whom one is connected, by political or religious ties, or by commercial relations; a body of fellow-worshippers, of political sympathizers, a circle of clients, customers, etc.
1767Chesterfield Lett. 6 Apr. (1774) IV. 259 What is called the Rockingham Connection stands the fairest for the Ministry. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. iv, He had long been at the head of a strong parliamentary connection. 1855Thackeray Newcomes I. 46 Doing a most respectable business especially in the Dissenting connection. 1868G. Duff Pol. Surv. 120 The Republicans are essentially the same political connexion which was headed by Washington. Mod. An old established business with a first-rate connexion.
8. Used by Wesley of those associated or connected with him in religious work and aims; thence it gradually became with the Wesleyans equivalent to ‘religious society’ or ‘denomination’, and is used also by other Methodist associations and bodies which have sprung from them.
(The development of this sense from the simple phrase ‘in connexion with’ is shown in the following examples:
1753–7J. Wesley Large Minutes Q. 51 He may be received into full connexion with us [ed. 1780 He may be received into full connexion]. 1768― Jrnl. III. 127, I and all the Preachers in connexion with me. 1791Minutes Wesl. Conf. Q. 9 The Preachers of his District who are in full connexion.)
1757J. Wesley Jrnl. 1 Aug. II. 421, I did not dare to remain in their connexion. 1765― 5 Oct. III. 237 The oldest preacher in our connexion. 1769― Addr. Trav. Preachers 4 Aug. Wks. 1872 XIII. 242 The Travelling Preachers in our Connexion. Ibid., Those who aim at anything but the glory of God..will not, cannot remain in the Connexion. 1789― Will, Lastly, I give to each of those travelling Preachers who shall remain in the Connexion six months after my decease..the eight volumes of sermons. 1793Ann. Reg. 82 The Sacrament shall not be administered by the preachers, in any part of the connexion, except when the whole society is unanimous for it. c1801J. Bunting in T. P. Bunting Life (1859) I. ix. 139 The Preachers and Circuits in our Connexion. 1847H. Miller First Impress. i. (1861) 5 A prodigiously clever preacher of the New Connexion. 1859T. P. Bunting Life J. Bunting I. vi. 84 A tribunal..pronounced that he had separated himself from the Methodist Connexion.
9. The meeting of one means of communication (as a railway train or steam-boat) by another at an appointed time and place in order to take on the passengers. Phr. to run in connexion, to make connexions, etc.
1862Trollope N. Amer. II. 99 ‘I have got a furlough for ten days’, one soldier said to me. ‘And I have missed every connection all through from Washington here. I shall have just time to turn round and go back when I get home’. Mod. The steamers on the lake run in connexion with the trains; and coaches start from Waterhead in connexion with the steamers.
10. The phr. in connexion with occurs in most of the senses.
1768[see 8]. 1841De Quincey Plato's Repub. Wks. 1890 VIII. 43 The war itself, taken in connexion with the bloody feuds that succeeded it..gave a shock to the civilisation of Greece. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 27 Except in rare instances, the agricultural labourer held land in connexion with his house. 1871Morley Voltaire (1886) 328 We may say of Voltaire in connection with history what he said of Corneille in connection with tragedy. 1876T. Fowler Induct. Logic Pref. to Ed. 3 The student is requested to read this Preface in connexion with Chapter III. Mod. In connexion with this subject, it may be remarked, etc.
11. attrib., as connexion rod.
1836Hull & Selby Railw. Act 45 It shall be lawful for any proprietor..to fix all such ropes, chains, connexion rods and other matters. |