| 释义 |
▪ I. smudge, n.1|smʌdʒ|
[Related to smudge v.1 Cf. the earlier smutch n., to which this has the same correspondence as sludge to slutch.]
1. a. A dirty mark or stain, esp. such as is caused by a smear or by trying to rub out a previous mark.
1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 596 A long sooty smudge upon the lining of my coach. 1846D. Jerrold Mrs. Caudle xviii, And you think I didn't see the smudges of court plaster about her face? 1862Lytton Str. Story II. 95, I rubbed the circle and the pentacle away,..leaving but an undistinguishable smudge behind. 1874Burnand My Time vi. 48 Like a smudge from a lead pencil.
fig.1891Hardy Tess (1900) 38/1 The smudge which Tess had set upon that nobility.
b. transf. A blurred indistinct mass or area.
1871Miss Mulock Fair France 3 Mixing earth and sky in one settled ‘smudge’. 1885Manch. Exam. 11 June 57 Wales and Scotland [in common maps] are simply smudges of mountains.
2. a. A smeary condition, substance, etc.; the result of smearing or dirtying.
1830Marryat King's Own xxvi The master..finds one day that his sextant-case is all of a smudge. 1837Whittock Bk. Trades (1842) 260 The oil, the grease and consequent ‘smudge’ incur a good portion of uncleanness. 1864Soc. Sci. Rev. 165 The countryman who..declared that it [a picture] was nothing but ‘smudge’.
b. techn. The scum of paint.
1823P. Nicholson Pract. Builder 411 The scum is called smudge, and is used for outside work. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 207/1 Smudge, which consists of the refuse from paint and varnish pots, and therefore contains a number of fatty, oily substances.
3. Very small coal; fine slack, coal dust.
1883in Gresley Gloss. Coal-m. 228. 1890 Pall Mall G. 4 Oct. 7/2 Small coal, such as smudge and slack, are plentiful.
4. attrib. and Comb., as smudge-faced, smudge pan, smudge-pot; also smudge cell Med., a degenerate leucocyte in a blood film; smudge-coal, blind-coal, stone-coal (Imperial Dict. 1882).
[1935Whitby & Britton Disorders of Blood iv. 89 Degenerate lymphocytes usually appear as smudges and are known as ‘smear cells’.] 1937Kracke & Garver Dis. Blood & Atlas Hematol. vi. 84 It has been stated that smudge forms are degenerating lymphocytes and that basket cells..are degenerating granulocytes... It seems more probable that the smudge cell is an early stage and the basket cell a later stage of the same process. 1971W. M. Dougherty Introd. Hematol. iii. 70/1 Most often the bare nuclei that we call smudge cells or basket cells are in fact the bare nuclei of the lymphocytes.
1891H. Herman His Angel v. 96 A grimy, smudge-faced, half-ragged urchin.
1798J. Constable Let. 2 Dec. (1964) II. 16, I should be glad of the smudge pan as soon as convenient.
1883Fortn. Rev. 1 Sept. 455 Huge poles..smeared over by a property-man with a smudge-pot.
Sense 4 in Dict. becomes 5. Add: 4. a. A photograph, esp. one taken by a street or press photographer; (see also quot. a 1931). b. = *smudger n. b. slang.
a1931W. Kernôt Unpubl. Gloss. Amer. Cant in Partridge Dict. Underworld (1949) 647/1 Smudge [Photograph of a fingerprint]. 1934P. Allingham Cheapjack iv. 40 It was not until I'd taken over twenty smudges that the driver thought it time to tell me that the whole bunch of 'em was a lot of barmies. 1968J. Lock Lady Policeman viii. 65 The ‘smudge's’ normal procedure is to step in front of people and ‘click’ his camera. 1986Melody Maker 19 Apr. 6/1 Madonna Ciccone-Penn took time out from her full-time hobby of punching out publicists and running over smudges. 1990Q Mar. 28/3 Cole is on his way to a photo session with acclaimed French smudge Claude Gassian.
▪ II. smudge, n.2|smʌdʒ|
[Related to smudge v.2]
1. A suffocating smoke; spec. a smoke made to repel mosquitoes, etc. Now N. Amer.
1767Mason in Corresp. w. Gray (1853) 401, I will sacrifice the first stanza on your critical altar, and let it consume either in flame or smudge as it choose. 1781J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. 96 Smudge, a suffocating smoke. 1879Burroughs Locusts & Wild Honey 125 No smoke or smudge. 1887E. Custer Tenting on Plains ii. 77 Eliza..brought old kettles with raw cotton into our room, from which proceeded such smudges and such odors as would soon have wilted a Northern mosquito. 1896Pall Mall Mag. Sept. 63 A small fire of green wood was making a smoke—or ‘smudge’, to use the Floridan vernacular. 1939F. P. Grove Two Generations v. 32 If there had been a moon, a person coming over the hills would have seen that smudge as a perfectly level sheet closing the bowl like a lid. 1971[see repellent a. 2 d].
2. a. A heap of combustibles ignited and emitting dense smoke, usually made with the object of repelling mosquitoes, etc. Chiefly N. Amer.
1806A. Henry in E. Coues New Light on Early Hist. Greater Northwest (1897) I. 287 The women closed the openings of the cabins, and made a smudge inside. 1842C. M. Kirkland Forest Life xviii. I. 183, I have had a ‘smudge’ made in a chafing-dish at my bed-side. 1880M. Fitzgibbon Trip to Manitoba x. 114 A smudge (a fire of chips mulched with wet hay or green twigs when well started, to create smoke). 1893Earl Dunmore Pamirs I. 346 We had three or four smudges made, the smoke from which nearly blinded us. 1936B. Brooker Think of Earth iii. vii. 278 ‘We'll make a smudge,’ said Bundy, and..began gathering twigs and handfuls of scorched grass. 1952Chambers's Jrnl. Aug. 503/2 Laddash greeted her, squatting in the smoke of a smudge against the mosquitoes. 1959[see punky a. a].
attrib.1882Harper's Mag. Oct. 724 The most effectual of these is to kindle smudge fires about the vineyard.
b. attrib., as smudge bonfire, smudge fire, smudge-smoke, etc.; designating containers for the smouldering fire, as smudge box, smudge can, smudge kettle, smudge pot, etc.
1846Knickerbocker XXVIII. 241 You make a large ‘smudge’ fire outside that the smoke may drive these [insects] away. 1860Harper's Mag. Oct. 584/1 Through the smudge-smoke issuing from the half-breeds' quarters we could catch glimpses of dark eyes. 1882G. C. Eggleston Wreck of Red Bird 55 ‘What is a ‘smudge box’, Ned?’ ‘Simply a shallow box of earth set upon a post, to build a smudge upon.’ 1902S. E. White Blazed Trail xx. 148 Thorpe's old tin pail was pressed into service as a smudge-kettle. 1903Outing XLIII. 166/1 Other settlers keep the smudge-pot going and live in smoke. 1909H. Bindloss Lorimer of Northwest 3 The dun smoke of a smudge-fire shows that Harry is in prairie fashion protecting our stock. 1923F. Waldo Down Mackenzie 116 One sees the horses after a trip..released for rest, huddling to windward of smudge bonfires, or in default of these standing in a forlorn group together to get in one another's shade. 1944Living off Land ii. 31 Professional beekeepers use a small smoke bellows, but the best substitute is to light a smudge fire and let the smoke drift past the entrance to the hive. 1954A. M. Bezanson Sodbusters invade Peace 134 A smudge can was my constant companion in or in front of the house. 1965H. Johnson Bay of Pigs iii. i. 106 While one of the men put up the signs, another lighted the smudge pots. 1978J. A. Michener Chesapeake 18 If he kept a smudge-fire going..he could survive. Ibid. 36 The mosquitoes were terrible..and people stayed close to smudge pots when the sun went down.
▪ III. smudge, n.3|smʌdʒ|
[f. smudge v.4]
A slight sign or indication (of laughter, etc.).
1866Carlyle Remin. (1881) II. 126 A bright dimpling chuckle sometimes (smudge of laughter, the Scotch call it). 1898G. A. Smith H. Drummond i. (1899) 3 There was never a glimpse of a phylactery nor a smudge of ‘unction’.
▪ IV. † smudge, a. Obs.—1
[Related to smudge v.3 Cf. smug a.]
Smart, trim.
1596Nashe Saffron Walden Wks. (Grosart) III. 138 A smudge piece of a handsome fellow it hath beene in his dayes, but now he is olde and past his best.
▪ V. smudge, v.1|smʌdʒ|
Forms: 5 smoge, 6 smoudge, 7 smodge, smooge, 6–7, 9 smudge.
[Of obscure origin; cf. the later smutch v.]
1. a. trans. To soil, stain, blacken, smirch; to mark with dirty stains or smears.
c1430Freemasonry (1860) 744 Kepe thyn hondes, fayr and wel, From fowle smogynge of thy towel. 1548Elyot, Atratus, blacked or smudged [1565 Cooper smoudged]. 1604T. M. Black Bk. D j b, The Sheetes smudged so durtily. 1609Heywood Brit. Troy v. Epil., The God whose face is Smoog'd with smoke and fiar. 1637― Pleas. Dial. iv. Wks. 1874 VI. 157 To be smudg'd and grim'd with soot. 1828Carr Craven Gloss., Smudged, begrimed. 1841J. T. J. Hewlett Parish Clerk II. 195 His coat..smudged for several inches up the sleeve of the left arm with the wipings of his pens. 1887Dowden Shelley I. i. 30 With face and hands smudged and stained by explosive powders and virulent acids.
fig.1602How to choose a Good Wife v. ii, The beauty of the mind, Which neither time can alter..nor the black hand of envy Smudge and disgrace. 1896Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 29 Feb. 5/1 Halifax Chronicle smudged [= charged with libel].
b. To rub out or in, to paint or lay on, etc., in a smearing or daubing manner.
1865Slang Dict. 237 Smudge, to smear, obliterate. 1878[G. N. Banks] About some Fellows 26 [He] made a considerably worse mess trying to smudge it out. 1899J. G. Millais Sir J. E. Millais II. xvii. 213 The critics insisting..that it was a stuffed bird, just smudged into the picture. 1901J. Black's Carp. & Build. 42 Everybody, even the youngest boy, imagines he can ‘smudge’ paint.
c. absol. To make or leave a stain.
1902Longman's Mag. May 4 The soil here, coloured by old Devon Sandstone, smudges red, not brown.
2. To bungle, make a mess of (something).
1864G. J. Whyte-Melville Brookes of Bridlemere xviii, He smudged it awfully, but we got over without a fall!
Hence ˈsmudging ppl. a., ˈsmudging vbl. n.3 (in quot. fig.).
a1861Mrs. Browning Par. Theocritus Poet. Wks. (1904) 584 One shaggy eyebrow draws its smudging road Straight through my ample front, from ear to ear. 1873J. Brown Let. 27 Dec. (1912) 288, I always feel insulted by these smudgings and besmearings.
▪ VI. smudge, v.2 Now dial. and N.Amer.|smʌdʒ|
[Of obscure origin.]
1. trans.
†a. To cure (herring) by smoking. Obs.—1
Halliwell's ‘Smudge, to stifle. North.’ is not otherwise certified.
1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe Wks. (Grosart) V. 239 In the craft of catching or taking it, and smudging it (marchant- and chapman-able as it should be), it sets a-worke thousands.
b. N. Amer. To make a smoky fire in (a tent, etc.); to fill with smoke from a smudge. Also, to cause (a fire) to smoke; to drive (mosquitoes, etc.) away by smoke. Now rare.
1860Harper's Mag. Aug. 296/2 The blankets were spread in the tents, the tents smudged or mosquito nets hung. 1866Ibid. Jan. 265/2 The others sat by the fire and ‘smudged’ it. 1880D. Currie Lett. of Rusticus 56/1 Before going to bed we smudged the tent, which made the mosquitoes so drunk that they did not molest us again before morning. 1891in Cent. Dict. 1921Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 30 Oct. 21/1, I piled on some brush and tried to smudge 'em away.
c. Among North American Indians, to smoke (pottery) in order to give it a black shiny finish. See also smudging vbl. n.2
1936K. M. Chapman Pottery of Santo Domingo Pueblo 7 The ware turns light red in firing, though this is often purposely smudged to a more or less dense black after firing is complete.
2. intr. To smoulder.
1825Brockett N.C. Gloss., Smudge, to burn without a flame, or any appearance of fire, except smoke. 1892Whitby Gaz. 13 May 2 The bed and bed-clothes which burned and smudged for a considerable time before the fire was extinguished.
Hence ˈsmudging vbl. n.2 (spec. in sense 1 c of the vb.).
1846E. W. Farnham Life in Prairie Land II. x. 314 This process is more briefly designated by its technical name of ‘smudging’. 1955Bushnell & Digby Anc. Amer. Pottery iv. 32 In these examples the colour is due rather to smudging with carbon in the fire than to chemical reaction. 1973A. H. Whiteford North Amer. Indian Arts 15 Smudging is achieved by smothering the fire with fine damp manure.
▪ VII. † smudge, v.3 Obs. rare.
[Of obscure origin; the sense agrees with that of smug v.1 For the form cf. smudge a.]
trans. To make smart or trim; to deck or trick up.
1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 92 Doron smudgde himselfe vp, and iumpde a marriage with..Carmela. 1593Nashe Four Lett. Conf. Wks. (Grosart) II. 279 White wine..is good for nothing, but to wash sores in, and smudge vp withered beauty with. 1596― Saffron Walden Wks. (Grosart) III. 135 He..stood..by the glasse,..currying and smudging and pranking himselfe vnmeasurably.
▪ VIII. smudge, v.4 Sc. and north. dial.|smʌdʒ|
Also smoodge.
[Of obscure origin; connexion with G. dial. schmutzen (MHG. smutzen) to smile, is very doubtful, but cf. next and smouch v.1]
intr. To laugh quietly or to oneself. So ˈsmudging vbl. n.1
1789W. Maclay Jrnl. 11 May (1890) 30 He will..dimple his visage with the most silly kind of half smile which I can not well express in English. The Scotch-Irish have a word that hits it exactly—smudging. 1808Jamieson, To Smue, or Smudge, to laugh in one's sleeve, to laugh in a clandestine way. Loth[ian]. 1823Blackw. Mag. Mar. 312 Ye needna smudge and laugh at me now. 1828Moir Mansie Wauch xvii, Arm-and-arm together, smoodging and laughing like daft. 1861Quin Heather Lintie (1863) 96 Weel may he smudge within his sleeve At our attempts his snares tae leave.
▪ IX. smudge, v.5 rare.|smʌdʒ|
[Cf. smouch v.1]
trans. To smouch, to caress.
1844J. T. J. Hewlett Parsons & W. xliv, She smudged them and kissed them so very naturally. |