| 释义 |
▪ I. drawing, vbl. n.|ˈdrɔːɪŋ|
[f. draw v.]
1. a. gen. The action of the verb draw in its various senses: the imparting of motion or impulse in the direction of the actuating force; pulling, dragging, draught, hauling, traction; attraction, extraction, removal, derivation; formal composition (of a document), † translation, etc.
c1305St. Lucy 136 in E.E.P. (1862) 105 Summe þeȝ hit fewe beo: mid lasse drawinge wolleþ gon. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ix. i. (1495) 345 The stone Adamas meuyth by strong drawinge yren. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) ii. li. (1859) 54 Synne..done..by drawyng and inclynacion of the freel flesshe. 1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 3 Of psalmes..ye may haue them of Rycharde hampoules drawynge. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. i. xxiii, Shotyng and drawyng of the bowe. 1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 17 b, Beastes mete for drawyng. 1686[Blore] Gent. Recreat. ii. 78 To beat the Bushes after a Fox is termed Drawing. 1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 209 Clay..costs nothing but the Drawing. 1893Times 14 July 11/4 At the drawing of stumps at 7 o'clock. 1894Mrs. H. Ward Marcella I. 176 A romantic drawing towards the stateliness and power which it all implied.
b. concr. That which is drawn, or obtained by drawing; spec. in pl., the amount of money taken in a shop, or drawn in the course of business.
a1852F. M. Whitcher Widow Bedott P. (1883) v. 18 She sent to borrer somethin or other—a loaf o' bread—or a drawin' o' tea. 1855T. C. Haliburton Nat. & Hum. Nat. II. 350 ‘I believe,’ she said, ‘I have a drawing of tea left,’ and taking from the shelf a small mahogany caddy, emptied it of its contents. 1883Harper's Mag. 829/2 To these..is given the second drawing of the tea.
2. a. The formation of a line by drawing some tracing instrument from point to point of a surface; representation by lines, delineation; hence, ‘any mode of representation in which the delineation of form predominates over considerations of colour’; the draughtsman's art.
out of drawing, incorrectly drawn, esp. in relation to the point of sight, out of proper perspective.
1530Palsgr. 215/1 Drawyng of an ymage, portraicture. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. ii. 53 You must have a Gauge..for the drawing of straight Lines on your Scale. 1769Sir J. Reynolds Disc. ii. (1887) 21 Painting comprises both drawing and colouring. 1816J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art II. 697 Drawing, strictly speaking, includes only the art of forming the resemblance of objects by means of out⁓lines; but it is usual to call those performances drawings, where only a single colour, as Indian ink, is employed to produce shades. 1859Reeve Brittany 59 The building in our stereograph is..out of drawing. 1884Century Mag. XXIX. 205/2 ‘Drawing’, though it must often be used with less precision, really implies work with the point. 1887Ruskin Præterita II. 251 The plates..were..the first examples of the sun's drawing that were ever seen in Oxford.
b. transf. The arrangement of the lines which determine form.
1753Hogarth Anal. Beauty x. 110 Legs much swoln with disease..having lost their ‘drawing’, as the painters call it. 1881Grace Landscape Paint. 62 The late autumn is..good for sketching trees, as you can see their anatomy and drawing.
3. That which is drawn; a delineation by pen, pencil, or crayon; a representation in black and white, or in monochrome; a sketch.
1668–9Pepys Diary 23 Jan., Looking on my..pictures, and my wife's drawings. 1769Sir J. Reynolds Disc. i. (R.), They made a variety of sketches; then a finished drawing of the whole. 1778Ibid. viii. (1887) 151 A collection of drawings by great painters. 1859Gullick & Timbs Paint. 303 We can readily understand how paintings in water colours came to be called simply ‘drawings’. 1868Browning Ring & Bk. i. 57 Modern chalk drawings.
4. In Textile manufacture, applied to various operations: see quots. Also with -in.
1831G. R. Porter Silk Manuf. 220 The next process is drawing or entering, which is passing each thread of the warp regularly through its appropriate loop in the heddle. 1843Lowell (Mass.) Offering III. 215 One of the writers..has had an opportunity to work at ‘drawing in’ (that is, drawing the threads through the harnesses). 1844G. Dodd Textile Manuf. iii. 101 Next succeed the various processes of ‘winding’, ‘warping’, ‘beaming’, ‘drawing in’, &c. 1864R. A. Arnold Cotton Fam. 29 The tender production of the carding-engine is subjected to the drawing-frames, which give a little more consistence and much greater length to the fleecy rope, now become a ‘drawing’. 1894Labour Commission Gloss., Drawing, a number of operations from combing to spinning..to reduce the thickness of the sliver of wool by drawing the warp through the ‘reed’. 1927T. Woodhouse Artificial Silk xi. 118 The weaver's beam is taken to the drawing-in department, where all the threads are drawn through the mails of the healds..and then passed through the dents of a weaving reed. 1960Textile Terms & Defs. (Textile Inst.) (ed. 4) 57 Drawing-in, the process of drawing the threads of the warp through the eyes of the healds and the dents of the reed. The operation thus includes that of reeding.
5. With advs., as drawing back, drawing near, drawing up, etc.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccclxxxi. (R), They haue..good breed, and we haue the drawyng out of the chaff. 1530Palsgr. 215/1 Drawyng nere..approche. 1636Sanderson Serm. II. 53 What shrinking and drawing back! 1647Jer. Taylor Lib. Proph. iii. (R.), Little drawings aside of the curtains of peace and eternity. 1710Palmer Proverbs 174 To..insult him upon his drawing off. 1816Jane Austen Emma I. v. 72, I have seen a great many lists of her drawing up. 1873Helps Anim. & Mast. ii. (1875) 39 Entrusted with the drawing-up of the ultimate document.
6. Comb.
a. In various senses, as drawing account, an account from which money can be drawn, a current account; see also quot. 1962; drawing-awl, an awl having an eye near the point, as to carry a thread through the hole bored; † drawing-bed, an extensible bed; drawing-bench, a bench or table in the mint on which strips of metal are drawn to the same thickness for coining; also a bench on which a cooper works with his drawing-knife; † drawing-bridge = drawbridge; drawing-engine, a stationary steam-engine used to draw loads up an incline, the shaft of a mine, etc.; drawing-frame, a machine in which the slivers from the carding-machine are drawn out and attenuated; drawing-glove, a glove worn by archers on the right hand in drawing the bow; drawing-machine, a machine through which strips of metal are drawn to be made thin and even, or of a desired curve, etc.; drawing-press, a machine for cutting and pressing sheet metal into a required shape, as for pans, dish-covers, and the like; drawing-rolls, in a spinning mill, rolls between which the slivers pass in the process of ‘drawing’; drawing-string, a string passed through a hem, casing, or eyelet holes, by which the sides of an article (as a bag) may be drawn together, or on which it may (as a curtain) be suspended instead of a rod; drawing-table, a table extensible by drawing out slides or leaves.
1835*Drawing account [see depositor 2]. 1920H. Crane Let. 30 July (1965) 41 A drawing account at the bank at my own disposal in addition to a good percentage commission on everything I sell. 1962S. Strand Marketing Dict. 223 Drawing account, a company's system of credit permitting withdrawals by salesmen against future commission earnings.
1439Will of Lochard (Somerset Ho.), Lectos extendibiles vocatos *drawyngbeddes.
1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 298/1 The drawing tool..is a heavy block of steel with a hole in the centre, fixed upon the substantial bed of the long *drawing-bench.
1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 334 A dozen iron Gates, and *drawing Bridges.
1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 123 The important part which Arkwright's *drawing-frame performs in a cotton-mill. 1847Illustr. Lond. News 10 July 19/3 The mill..contained from 70 to 100 spinning and drawing frames.
1881Greener Gun 296 The thimble is then..forced through the *drawing-machine again.
1832J. P. Kennedy Swallow Barn II. xviii. 225 Faces shortened as if with *drawing-strings. 1886T. Hardy Mayor Casterbr. 41 Dimity curtains on a drawing-string.
b. Of or pertaining to delineation, drawing 2, as drawing-box, drawing-office, drawing-pencil, drawing-room, drawing-school, drawing-table, etc.; drawing-block, a block composed of leaves of drawing-paper adhering at the edges, so as to be removable one by one when used; drawing board, a board on which paper is stretched for drawing on; colloq. phr. back to the drawing board: used after the failure of some enterprise, an invention, etc.; drawing-book, a book for drawing in, wholly blank, or with designs to be copied; drawing-compass, -es, a pair of compasses having a pencil or pen in lieu of one of the points; drawing-paper, stout paper of various kinds intended for drawing on; drawing-pen, an instrument adjustable by a screw to draw ink lines of varying thicknesses; drawing-pin, a flat-headed pin used to fasten drawing-paper to a board, desk, etc.
1809R. Langford Introd. Trade 63, 2 Reams *Drawing Atlas [paper].
1881M. E. Braddon Asph. I. 7 Daphne produced her *drawing-block, and opened her colour-box.
1725W. Halfpenny Sound Building 26 On a *Drawing-Board, or Floor, describe..the Arch ABC. 1965New Statesman 9 Apr. 561/1 The super-fast giants..are now coming on to the drawing boards. 1965New Yorker 6 Nov. 122 A fiery mushroom cloud, translatable by the most cretinous moviegoer as... ‘Back to the drawing board, you plucky amoebas!’ 1967E. Short Embroidery & Fabric Collage iv. 108 Small pieces can be stretched on a drawing board; for large hangings the floor may have to be used. 1968Listener 2 May 562/3 The squeaking [of some newly designed chairs] as we rolled about was too much for the sound people. So again ordinary chairs replaced them. Back to the drawing-board, Byron.
1755(title) The Complete *Drawing Book, Containing many and curious Specimens. 1863M. L. Whately Ragged life in Egypt xvi. 152, I came down with a drawing-book to sit near the door.
1800M. Edgeworth Parents' Assistant (ed. 3) IV. i. 160 Lady Augusta's apartment, in which her writing-desk, her *drawing-box, and her piano-forte stood. 1873C. M. Yonge Pillars of House II. xxiii. 264 John Harewood returned, bringing with him what Alda took for a dressing-case, and Cherry for a drawing-box.
1798Jane Austen Let. 18 Dec. (1952) 41, I have been forced to let James & Miss Debary have two sheets of your *Drawing paper. 1804Ct. Rumford in Phil. Trans. XCIV. 135 A circular piece of thick drawing-paper.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), *Drawing-pen, an Instrument..to draw Lines finer or thicker. 1728R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archit. Advt., Mathematical instruments..Compasses, Drawing-Pens.
1859F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862) 368 Fixing it firmly by means of *drawing-pins.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), *Drawing-table, an Instrument with a Frame, to hold a Sheet of Royal-Paper, for Draughts of Ships, Fortifications, etc.
▪ II. ˈdrawing, ppl. a.
[f. as prec. + -ing2.]
1. gen. That draws, in various senses of the verb.
1576Turberv. Venerie 179 We take them..with a drawing ferret when they be yong. 1659D. Pell Impr. Sea 315 A deep drawing Vessel. 1890Baker Wild Beasts II. 49 With one desperate drawing cut across the throat he reached the spine.
2. spec. Used to draw vehicles, etc.; draught-.
1551Robinson tr. More's Utop. ii. (Arb.) 158 Drawing and bearinge beastes. 1683Lond. Gaz. No. 1810/4 A brown bay drawing Gelding. 1875R. F. Martin Winding Machin. 40 The two head-gear pulleys..at the drawing shaft.
3. That draws out purulent or foreign matter from a wound, etc.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vii. lxix. (1495) 288 Thenne the leche vsyth drawynge medycynes. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 232 Þis enpostym schal be helid wiþ drawynge þingis and wastynge. 1795Hull Advertiser 17 Oct. 1/4 A drawing plaister was speedily applied. 1857Dunglison Med. Dict. 302 Substances which..promote suppuration..are vulgarly termed drawing.
4. Attractive; esp. in drawing card, an attraction that attracts a large crowd, an audience, etc.
1577Fenton Gold. Epist. (1582) 282 She was of goodlye personage, hir aspecte sweete and drawing. 1669Bunyan Holy Citie 181 It had a very taking and drawing Glory in it. 1887in Amer. Speech (1950) XXV. 32/2 It proves as good a drawing card as ever. 1894W. T. Vincent Rec. F. Leslie I. ix. 155 A salary adequate to his ‘drawing’ capacity. 1906Westm. Gaz. 8 Sept. 12/3 The income..varies exceedingly, depending upon the subject taught,..as well as the personal drawing-power of the teacher. 1930Daily Express 6 Nov. 15/4 The biggest drawing card Europe has ever known was Georges Carpentier. 1959News Chron. 9 Dec. 3/1 More than any other guest singer on the Covent Garden list, Maria Callas has the biggest drawing power and means the biggest business. |