| 释义 |
conformation|kɒnfɔːˈmeɪʃən|
[ad. L. conformātiōn-em, n. of action from conformāre to conform: so in F. (since 16th c. in Littré).]
1. The action of conforming or bringing into conformity (to); adjustment in form or character to some pattern or example; adaptation.
1511Colet Serm. Conf. & Ref. in Phenix (1708) II. 3, I shall speak..Of Conformation..Be not conform'd to this World. a1637B. Jonson Discov. Poesis iv. Wks. (Rtldg.) 763/1 If to an excellent nature, there happen an accession, or conformation of learning and discipline. 1660R. Coke Justice Vind. 6 Obedience..is the conformation of ones will to the rules & precepts of his superior. 1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. i. i. 9 They distort, stretch and reduce the Orders of things in a conformation to those pre-conceived Suppositions. a1748Watts (J.), The conformation of our hearts and lives to the duties of true religion and morality.
b. Hist. of Lang. Form-assimilation under the influence of analogy.
1869March A.S. Gramm. 83 Plural first person -m changes to -ð (conformation with 2d and 3d persons).
2. The symmetrical formation or fashioning of a thing in all its parts; putting into form.
1615Crooke Body of Man 268 Male children..haue their conformation the thirtieth day. 1681tr. Willis' Rem. Med. Wks. Voc., Conformation, the framing, fashioning, or disposition of a thing. 1857–8Sears Athan. xi. 93 Ever and everywhere body is the creation of life, and is the conformation of its instincts and affections.
3. a. The manner in which a thing is formed with respect to the disposition of its parts; form depending upon arrangement of parts; structure, organization.
‘In Anatomy it is taken for the Figure or Disposition of the Parts of a Humane Body; and by some Writers in the Art of Physick, for an Essential Property of Health or Sicknesse’ (Phillips 1706).
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. xvii. 151 Many wayes of Coition, according to divers shapes and different conformations. 1690Locke Hum. Und. ii. xxvii. §29 A rational Spirit..united to a Body of a certain Conformation of Parts. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth (J.), Where there happens to be such a structure and conformation of the earth. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 332 A bad Conformation of the Lungs and Thorax commonly attended with an asthma. 1791Burke App. Whigs Wks. VI. 55 Government wants amendment in its conformation. 1871Morley Voltaire (1886) 1 The mind and spiritual conformation of France. 1874Boutell Arms & Arm. ix. 179 This conformation of the blade has the advantage of placing the centre of gravity in the hilt.
b. Chem. and Biochem. Each of the different three-dimensional structures that may be adopted by a particular molecule and can interconvert freely, esp. by rotations about single bonds; the three-dimensional secondary and tertiary structure of a protein.
1929W. N. Haworth Constitution of Sugars x. 92 The conformation of groups as distinct from structure or configuration. 1950Experientia VI. 316/1 The word conformation is used to denote different strainless arrangements in space of a set of bonded atoms. 1956L. F. & M. Fieser Org. Chem. (ed. 3) xii. 304 Conformation frequently influences reaction rate. 1964A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 3) ix. 156 ‘Conformation’ is used in protein chemistry to designate the over-all structure of a molecule in which asymmetry may be produced by a spiral arrangement (helix) or other special folding. 1970A. L. Lehninger Biochem. i. 28 A protein has only one specific three-dimensional conformation under normal intracellular conditions, called the native conformation, which is indispensable for its biological activity. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia IV. 1090/1 In the chair conformation, two geometrically distinct types of carbon-hydrogen bond are present. 1980M. Orchin et al. Vocab. Organ. Chem. v. 148 Unless it is held rigid by small rings or double bonds, a molecule can have an infinite number of conformations, but only one configuration. |