| 释义 |
▪ I. smoothing, vbl. n.|ˈsmuːðɪŋ|
[f. smooth v.]
1. a. The action of the verb, in various senses; an instance of this. Also with out and fig.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 33 b, The Meale which the people in old tyme dyd vse for the smoothing of their skinnes. 1663Gerbier Counsel d iij, Some of them Bear-like-whelps (by licking and smoothing) have gotten some fashionable like shape. 1676Row Contin. Blair's Autobiog. xi. (1848) 291 After some smoothings of it, it was approven. 1738in 6th Rep. Dep. Kpr. App. ii. 120 A new sort of cast metallick Boxes for the smoothing of Linen. 1822J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 253 Every degree of resolution, from..destroying the finest striæ to the smoothing of ridges. 1885‘Lucas Malet’ Col. Enderby's Wife iii. vi, She..slowly settled her mantle into its place, with sundry dainty pattings and smoothings. 1929Jrnl. du Conseil IV. 228 The purpose of the smoothing was to eliminate minor fluctuations of the character of lunar (monthly) cycles which are known to exist in the sardine. 1933Econometrica I. 238 (heading) Time series: their analysis by successive smoothings. 1939Proc. R. Soc. A. CLXXI. 81 The smoothing out of the stress distribution becomes less and less effective, and the maximum stress at the stress peaks rises. 1955L. D. Landau in W. Pauli Niels Bohr 68 The great difficulties which arise in a physical ‘smoothing-out’ of particles, as opposed to a purely formal ‘smoothing-out’..are well known. 1970Nature 22 Aug. 824/1 The output signal [was] digitally recorded after smoothing with a 1 s time constant electronic filter.
b. Phonology. (See quot. 1888.)
1888Sweet Eng. Sounds 22 ‘Smoothing’ or the levelling of the two elements of a diphthong under a monophthong is the result of absorption. 1894― Anglo-Sax. Reader (ed. 7) p. xxiv, When these smoothings occur in WS and Kt texts they may..be due to Angl. scribes. 1935Harvard Univ. Summ. Ph.D. Theses 288 Under smoothing are included all monophthongizations and monophthong-retaining effects which are due to WG (originally) velar consonants. 1977Archivum Linguisticum VIII. 79 It seems most probable that S[econd] F[ronting] was a rather late change, taking place after i-umlaut had occurred although almost certainly before back mutation and smoothing.
2. a. attrib. in the names of appliances, implements, etc., used in smoothing, as smoothing-board (see quot.); smoothing-box, a box-iron (now dial.); † smoothing-leather, a razor-strop; smoothing-mill, -stone (see quots.); smoothing-trowel, a kind of trowel used in plastering. Also designating devices for reducing ripple in electrical signals, as smoothing capacitor, smoothing choke, smoothing circuit, smoothing filter.
1688Holme Armoury iii. xx. (Roxb.) 249/1 Four Instruments belonging to the Art of a Lanthorn maker... The second..is called a *Smoothing Board.
a1700Evelyn Diary 8 Oct. 1672, A thick piece of yron, such as laundresses use to put in their *smoothing-boxes. 1799G. Smith Laboratory II. 409 It will be proper to rub the smoothing-box or iron with a little wax.
1959Engineering 20 Feb. 230/2 A small *smoothing capacitor in the reading amplifier prevents the output from falling to zero during the transport of the wiper from one contact to the next.
1941P.O. Electr. Engineers Jrnl. XXXIV. 118/1 With the development of floating battery power supply systems in telephone exchanges and repeater stations, there is a considerable demand for *smoothing chokes.
1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 780/1 *Smoothing circuit. 1975G. J. King Audio Handbk. iv. 96 Separate smoothing and filtering circuits are used for the supplies of the preceding stages and for the preamplifier stages of the control section.
1941P.O. Electr. Engineers Jrnl. XXXIV. 118/1 The cost of the complete *smoothing filter may be comparable with that of the associated motor-generator set.
1709Phil. Trans. XXVI. 496, I passed the same Razor over my Strop or *Smoothing-Leather.
1850Holtzapffel Turning III. 1302 For soft stones the *smoothing mill is sometimes a plain disk of willow wood or mahogany. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2227 Smoothing-mill, the polishing-mill of the lapidary.
Ibid., *Smoothing stone, a substitute for a smoothing-iron, made of steatite, attached to a plate and handle of metal.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 612 This coat is spread with a *smoothing-trowel. 1873E. Spon Workshop Rec. Ser. i. 121/2 The setting is spread with the smoothing trowel.
b. smoothing-iron, a flat-iron (also fig.); an iron slicker used for smoothing leather.
(a)1627W. Hawkins Apollo Shroving iv. iii. 63 The lace is so thicke... I know not what can foule it, vnlesse the smoothing-iron cast a rusty colour through the paper. 1755Johnson s.v. Iron, A flat iron, box iron, or smoothing iron. 1848Mrs. Gaskell Mary Barton viii, The smoothing-irons that hung before the fire. 1889Gretton Memory's Harkback 275, I drew the smoothing-iron over all, by expressing as fully..as I knew how, my admiration of his glorious country.
(b)1852C. Morfit Tanning & Currying (1853) 370 The wrinkles in the skin are flattened by means of a mallet or a smoothing iron.
c. smoothing-plane, a small fine-set plane used in finishing (see quots.).
1678Moxon Mech. Exerc. iv. 72 The Fore-Plain is used before the Smoothing-Plain. 1703[R. Neve] City & C. Purchaser 190 The Smoothing-plane..is a thick Plate of Polish'd-brass, about 9 Inches square, a little turn'd up, on all the 4 edges. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 110 The smoothing-plane is about seven inches in length, it has no tote or handle, and otherwise differs in shape from any of the planes yet mentioned. 1875T. Seaton Fret-Cutting 83 The smoothing-plane must be set very fine, and the upper iron should come quite low down towards the edge.
▪ II. ˈsmoothing, ppl. a.
[f. as prec.]
1. That smooths or makes smooth; having the effect of smoothing.
1495Trevisa's Barth. De P.R. xix. xlvii. (W. de W.) 890 Bytter thynges..bi grete drynesse..be made smothyng and softynge. 1650Venner Via Recta 103 It induceth a smoothing delectation to the gullet. 1857Dickens Dorrit ii. vii, It made her anxious..to be operated upon by that smoothing hand.
†2. Plausible, blandishing, flattering. Obs.
a1592Greene Jas. IV, i. i, Princes rather choose a smoothing tongue, Than men of art that can accept the time. 1592― Groat's W. Wit Wks. (Grosart) XII. 114 He learned likewise with smoothing words to faine. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 892 Thy secret pleasure turnes to open shame,..Thy smoothing titles to a ragged name. 1675Otway Alcibiades iii. i, Fine smoothing Terms to cloke a Passion in.
Hence ˈsmoothingly adv.
1854R. S. Surtees Handley Cross (1898) I. 186 You seem an honest, intelligent sort of man, continued Mr. Bolster smoothingly. 1884E. Fawcett Rutherford vi, One of his white hands fluttered smoothingly about his yellow beard. |