| 释义 |
▪ I. concert, n.|ˈkɒnsət|
[a. F. concert (16th c.), ad. It. concerto concert, harmony, f. concertare to concert. At its first adoption this word was confounded with the earlier word consort, which was constantly written for it down to the Restoration, and often later; e.g.
1611Cotgr., Concert de Musique, a consort of Musicke.]
1. a. Agreement of two or more persons or parties in a plan, design, or enterprise; union formed by such mutual agreement; accordance, harmony.
[1590–1793see consort 2.]
1665Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 161 We have hardly any words that do so fully express the French naivete, ennui, bizarre, concert..let us therefore..make as many of these do homage as are like to prove good citizens. 1668Temple Let. Wks. (1731) II. 86 He..press'd us to a Concert for the Defence of Flanders. 1727De Foe Syst. Magic ii. vi. 376 By concert and agreement. 1777Robertson Hist. Amer. I. iv. 342 They act together from instinct..rather than from any formal concert. 1814Chalmers Evid. Chr. Revel. i. 13 The total want of..concert or collusion. 1884Times 10 Oct. 3/2 Is there a perfect European Concert?
b. esp. in phrase in concert (with).
[1634–1793see consort 2 b.]
1712Addison Spect. No. 487. ⁋10 When she [the Soul] operates more in concert with the Body. 1772Priestley Inst. Relig. (1782) I. 390 They did not write in concert. 1844Thirlwall Greece VIII. lxv. 360 The envoys did not act in concert with one another. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. vii. 47 We worked in concert for a few days.
c. fig. Agreement, harmony, orderly union or combination (of things). (Influenced by 2, 2 b.)
1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) II. 28 Concert is an order formed of several harmonies of various kinds..Every particular Work of Nature presents..harmonies, consonances, contrasts; and forms a real concert.
d. Phr. the Concert of Europe.
1880Gladstone Sp. Midlothian 89 My third sound principle is to take care to cultivate and maintain to the utmost the concert of Europe, to keep the Powers of Europe together. 1897Balfour in Times 17 Feb. 8/3 It is absolutely impossible that you should keep the Concert of Europe going for some purposes connected with the Ottoman Empire, and not going for all purposes. 1897Marquis of Salisbury in Ibid. 20 Mar. 8/1, I feel it is our duty to sustain the federated action of Europe. I think it has suffered by the somewhat absurd name which has been given to it—the concert of Europe. 1901Hansard's Parl. Deb. Ser. iv. XCII. 184 He attributes all our misfortunes to the Concert of Europe. Sir, the Concert is not perfect as an international instrument. 1944H. Nicolson Let. 18 Jan. (1967) II. 345 He says that the Russians want very much to be admitted as a civilised member of the Concert of Europe. ‘They want to belong to the Club.’ 1959Chambers's Encycl. VII. 683/1 Interstate relationship in the 19th century was regulated at the top level by an international organization which came to be known as the concert of Europe. The concert was in origin an alliance of the other European great powers against Napoleonic France.
†2.
a. Accordance of voices or instruments; harmonious combination of sounds produced by a number of performers singing or playing together.
[1586–1710see consort 3, 3 b.] 1674Lond. Gaz. No. 961 Feb. 4 A rare concert of four Trumpets Marine, never heard of before in England..Every concert shall continue one hour. 1732T. Lediard Sethos II. viii. 184 The prayers..are then sung in a concert of voices and instruments. 1770Gentl. Mag. XL. 449 Whether their concerts were composed of one and the same tone, but sung by different voices.
b. transf. and fig. Any combination of voices or sounds. (Now often viewed as fig. from 4.)
1758Johnson Idler No. 8 ⁋12 A sudden concert of terrific vociferation. 1805Southey Madoc in Azt. xi, The woodman's measured stroke, the regular saw, The wain slow-creaking, and the voice of man Answering his fellow..Strange concert made to those fierce Aztecas. 1862Sala Seven Sons I. vi. 130 They sobbed in concert till the vehicle stopped. 1874Bryant Among the Trees 61 The linden in the fervors of July, Hums with a louder concert.
†c. A piece of music for several instruments; = concerto (in the earlier sense). Obs.
1730–6Bailey (folio), Consort, better Concert, (in Musick) a Piece that consists of 3 or more parts.
†3. A company or set of musicians; a choir. Obs.
[1606–1704see consort 4.] 1727De Foe Hist. Appar. xiv. 353 A concert of angels made most excellent music at his grave. 1743Tindal Rapin's Hist. Eng. II. 669 The Queen..wanting a Bass to her concert.
4. a. A musical performance (usually of a series of separate pieces) in which a number of singers or players, or both, take part; a public musical entertainment; = consort 5. Also, in phr. in concert, of a (musical) performer or group of performers: appearing before a live audience.
[1671–1774see consort 5, and 1674 in 2 above.]
1689Lond. Gaz. No. 2496/4 The Concerts of Musick that were held in Bow-street and in York-Buildings, are now joyn'd together. 1740Lady M. W. Montague Lett. III. ix. 17, I am invited..to dinner, which is to be followed by a concert and a ball. 1768Sterne Sent. Journ., The Translation, I was going..to Martini's concert at Milan. 1855De Quincey in Page Life (1877) II. xviii. 97 On two separate days of next week Julien gives concerts. 1962(record title) Joan Baez in concert. 1976Daily Record (Glasgow) 22 Nov. 18/1 Allmusic presents The Dubliners in concert Thursday, 2nd December, at 7.30 p.m. 1978Tucson Mag. Dec. 94/3 Linda Ronstadt showed up unexpectedly with the Rolling Stones last July, but she's scheduled to appear again in concert December 20 without them. 1986Melody Maker 15 Nov. 18 (Advt.), Jazz legend Miles Davis in concert Sunday November 16th.
cats' concert, the noise of a number of cats wauling; any hideous combination of voices; Dutch concert, ‘where each performer plays a different tune’. Slang Dict. (1864) 128.
b. A dancing performance consisting of single items, folk-dances, etc. (in contrast to a full-scale ballet). Freq. attrib.
1912J. E. C. Flitch Mod. Dancing xiv. 209 The next step was the giving of a public concert to make known to the larger world the rediscovery of the ancient dances. 1932V. Dandre Anna Pavlova 91 Without a company of her own Pavlova could not have given her own ballets... It would have meant limiting herself to concert programmes made up of separate dancing numbers. 1948‘La Meri’ Sp. Dancing viii. 95 The solo concert dance was first introduced by Isadora Duncan and Ruth St. Denis. Ibid., By the time Argentina made her first world tour (1929), concert dancing was a ‘fait accompli’. 1967Chujoy & Manchester Dance Encycl. 218/2 Modern dancers are also called concert dancers.
5. Comb. as concert-bill (cf. play-bill), concert-giver, concert-goer, concert-going, concert-hall, concert-music, concert-piece, concert-platform, concert-recital, concert-ticket; concert-grand (colloq.), a grand piano of powerful and brilliant tone suitable for concerts; concert-master [G. konzertmeister], the first violin, leader of the orchestra; concert overture, an orchestral piece resembling an overture but intended for independent performance in a concert-hall; concert party, (a) a group of musical perfomers; (b) Stock Market [see sense 1 b], a number of parties buying shares in a company within the prescribed limits, with the intention of casting the votes thereby acquired as a single holding; (this practice is now illegal); concert pitch, ‘a pitch slightly higher than the ordinary pitch, used at concerts for brilliancy and effect’ (Grove Dict. Mus.); also fig.; concert-room, a large room used for concerts.
c1815Jane Austen Persuasion (1833) II. viii. 379 They all had a *concert bill between them. 1865Atlantic Monthly XV. 718, I read over the concert-bill. 1893Chambers's Jrnl. 16 Dec. 795/1 An amusing concert bill of the time of Queen Anne.
1836–7Dickens Sk. Boz (1850) 248/2 Whenever a juggler, or waxwork man, or *concert giver, takes Great Winglebury in his circuit.
1855Geo. Eliot in Fraser's Mag. July 48/1 Most London *concert-goers..think of him [sc. Liszt] as certainly the archimagus of pianists. 1927Daily Express 4 Oct. 3/2 Among the songs which have made Mr. Weatherly's name known to millions of concert goers all over the world are ‘The Midshipmite’ [etc.]. 1947C. Gray Contingencies i. 46 By the ‘ordinary concert-goer’ we..postulate..the audience which congregates at Promenade Concerts.
1942E. Blom Music in Eng. viii. 128 The habit of *concert-going. 1951Auden Nones (1952) 67 The paranoic mind Of this undisciplined And concert-going age.
1746Ipswich Jrnl. 27 Dec. in Chambers's Jrnl. (1875) 800/1 The grand *Concert-hall of vocal and instrumental music. 1869Broadway I. 537/2 Concert-halls and singing-rooms are equally attractive to the middle and lower orders. 190519th Cent. Oct. 567 One central concert hall would be utterly inadequate for the requirements of London. 1946Penguin Music Mag. Dec. 39 Opera-houses and concert-halls are being rebuilt or built afresh in the devastated towns.
[1876Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms 104/2 Concertmeister, the leader of the band, the conductor.] 1889Cent. Dict., *Concert-master, the first violinist of an orchestra; the leader. 1927Grove's Dict. Mus. (ed. 3) 693/1 Concert-master, the leader, i.e. the first of the first violins in an orchestra, who sits next the conductor and transmits his wishes to the band. 1954Times Lit. Suppl. 3 Dec., The American use of ‘Concert-master’, which is also repugnant to English ears, is registered by Mr. Blom with a gentler resignation.
1938Oxf. Compan. Mus. 679/2 A totally different type of independent overture is that of the *concert overture, of which Mendelssohn is considered to be the inventor (his Hebrides Overture, Dvor̆ák's Carnival Overture, Brahms's Academic Festival Overture, &c.). 1947A. Einstein Mus. Romantic Era xi. 143 Liszt's eager listeners and friendly colleagues..tried at first to facilitate the understanding of some of Liszt's works by calling them ‘concert overtures’.
1883L. Troubridge Jrnl. May, in J. Hope-Nicholson Life amongst Troubridges (1966) 163 In the evening to German Reeds *Concert Party—Corney Grain most amusing. 1895Roberts & Morton Adv. i. 18, I accepted an engagement from Howard Paul to join his concert-party and tour round the seaside towns. 1960R. Collier House called Memory xii. 168 The concert party on the pier in pierrot costumes. 1980Times 2 Feb. 17/7 Mr Raper will be asked to comment on whether or not he has formed a ‘concert party’ with Gasco Investments and various nominee shareholders in St Piran. 1984Financial Times 16 Jan. 4 An inspector was appointed to determine whether Lonrho, with a 29.9 per cent stake in Fraser, had arranged a ‘concert party’ with other shareholders, to try to gain control of the stores group.
1767Priestley Present State Electr. viii. 717 A jar containing half a square foot of coated glass sounded F sharp, *concert pitch. 1775Phil. Trans. LXV. 71 These tones are adapted to English consort pitch. 1817Mrs. Piozzi Let. 4 Jan. in Autobiogr. (1861) II. 188, I want something to string my spirits up to concert pitch. 1819Pantologia, Concert pitch implies that..tone to which instruments are adjusted, before they can be used in concert. 1866Mrs. Stowe Lit. Foxes 115 If a piano is tuned to exact concert pitch, the majority of voices must fall below it. 1888Burgon 12 Good Men II. v. 47 Screwing up to ‘concert pitch’..men whose traditions were lax and unsatisfactory. 1936Aircraft Engin. Oct. 273/3 Some more work is necessary..to bring it to ‘concert pitch’. 1966Crescendo Aug. 21/1, I enjoy playing the flute, because, although the embouchure is difficult, it's in concert pitch.
1927Melody Maker Sept. 944/3 Cinema music..has a distinct appeal on the *concert platform amongst educated music-lovers. 1963Times 12 Feb. 11/4 The harmonies of a concert-platform.
1907Public Opinion 17 May 629/2 Performances of opera in *concert-recital form.
1799Southey Ballads, St. Gualberto 23 Then had not Westminster, the house of God, Served for a *concert-room. 1886Pall Mall G. 9 June 4/2 Concert-room music must bow to concert-room traditions.
1813Jane Austen Let. 3 Nov. (1952) 365, I bought a *Concert Ticket & a sprig of flowers for my old age. 1852Mrs. Gaskell Let. 4 Sept. (1966) 197 Canon Clifton gave me a concert ticket, & as Meta had one we..went to the Concert.
▪ II. concert, v.|kənˈsɜːt|
[ad. F. concerte-r (16th c.), ad. It. concertare to proportion or accord together, to agree or tune together, to sing or play in concert.
The Italian is identified by Diez with L. concertāre intr., to contend zealously, dispute, debate. Such a change of sense might conceivably come about through an intermediate ‘argue out, settle by debate,’ whence ‘come to terms, arrange terms’; but evidence is wanting. Florio has, in 16th c. It., conserto, consertare, as parallel forms of concerto, concertare; these (if real words) point to L. *consertāre freq. of conserĕre ‘to join or fit together, connect’; the same origin has been claimed by Spanish etymologists for Sp. concertar which has among other senses ‘to mend a thing broken’. But here the phonetic change is unexplained. Already in 16th c. It. concerto was associated in the musical sense with concento (concent); Florio, 1598, gives concerto merely with a cross-reference to concento. Hence a conjecture that concerto, concertare were perversions of conserto, consertare, under the influence of concento: but what then of Sp. concertar?
In Eng. used by Barret, from It., in 1598; app. not otherwise in use till taken from Fr. nearly a century later.]
I.
†1. trans. To bring to agreement or unity; to unite. Obs.
1598Barret Theor. Warres ii. i. 22 When as he cannot concert and agree them [soldiers], he is to referre them ouer vnto his Captaine. 1696Brookhouse Temple Open. 2 Being now concerted into a New Body.
2. a. To arrange or contrive (measures, an enterprise, etc.) by mutual agreement.
1694Molesworth Acc. Denmark (ed. 3) 47 A Design before concerted..between him and the Bishops. 1710Swift Lett. (1767) III. 35, I have been walking, and..concerting where to see Mr. Harley. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 207 We began to concert measures for his coming on board with secrecy. 1836Thirlwall Greece II. 21 The insurrection seems not to have been judiciously concerted.
b. Of a single person: To plan, devise, arrange.
1712Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 498, I must now concert matters about yt Affair. 1878R. B. Smith Carthage 433 He could..concert his measures against any state.
c. intr. To arrange a matter by agreement with some one; to form plans; to act in harmony with.
1707Freind Peterborow's Cond. 174 You may concert in every thing.. with Prince Henry. 1786T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) I. 567 The gentlemen with whom we had before concerted. 1791Boswell Johnson 2 June an. 1781, I therefore concerted with Mr. Dilly, that I should steal away. 1796Nelson 10 July in Nicolas Disp. (1845) II. 208 We concerted on the most proper methods for speedily executing the Vice-Roy's instructions. 1897Marquis of Salisbury in Hansard's Parl. Deb. Ser. iv. XLVI. 370 Our naval officers have received instructions to take no isolated action, but to concert with the naval officers of the other Powers.
3. intr. To sing or play in concert. rare.
1827Pollok Course T. vii, The thrush Concerting with the lark that hymned on high. 1879[see concerting].
4. Mus. (trans.) To arrange in parts. (nonce-use from concerted 2, q.v.)
1884G. Moore Mummer's Wife (1887) 160 [I do not know] whether I ought to concert that first number..or have it sung in unison.
† II. 5. [L. concertāre.] To dispute (a statement, etc.). Obs. rare.
1689Apol. Failures Walker's Acc. 11 Though Mr. Walker might modestly concert the Truth of those Passages..yet might he at no hand dispute inserting 'em. |