| 释义 |
▪ I. slat, n.1|slæt|
Forms: α. 4–7 sclat, 5 sklat, 6 sklatt(e, 6–7 sclatt. β. 4–7, 9 slatt, 6–7 slatte, 5– slat.
[ad. OF. esclat (mod.F. éclat) splinter, shiver, piece broken or split off anything, related to OF. esclater to burst, of doubtful origin (cf. éclat n.).
With the following example, in which the sense is not clear, cf. slate-incense s.v. slate n.1 7.—1345–6 Ely Sacr. Rolls II. 133 In xxxiiij libris de slatt' pro incens' empt. 5s. 8d.]
1. a. A roofing-slate; a thin slab of stone used for roofing. Now dial.
1382Wyclif Luke v. 19 By the sclattis thei senten him doun with the bed in to the myddil. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 399 There lyme is copious, And sclattes also for hous. c1440Promp. Parv. 449 Sklat, or slat stone, latericia, ymbrex. 1521in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 399 No man shall buld..anny straue or tache housse..unlesse they be covered with sklattes. 1565Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees, 1835) 234 For ij. foder of sclatts caring frome plawsworth. 1627Drayton Nymphidia vi, The Roofe, instead of Slats, Is couer'd with the skinns of Batts. 1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Amb. 391 All the houses of the Village were cover'd with slats or tiles. 1823–in many dialect glossaries (chiefly Midland and Southern). 1842Francis Dict. Arts, Slatt, a thin slab of stone used to cover buildings, distinct from what are called slates.
transf.1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 55 He unheled chirches roves and coppes þat were i-heled wiþ slattes of bras, and took awey þe slattes.
b. Used to denote a certain shape.
1634Lowe's Chirurg. 354 Part of the bone is superficially separated like unto a little spelch or sclat. 1665Hooke Microgr. 81 The Figure of them is for the most part flat, in the manner of Slats. 1676J. Cooke Marrow Chirurg. (1685) 377 Sediment like Meal, is ill. If like Slats, worst.
c. A large slab of stone. rare.
1894Crockett Mad Sir Uchtred v. 61 The burn comes down over broad slats of granite.
2. A writing-slate. Now dial.
c1390? Chaucer Merciles Beaute 34 Love hath my name y-strike out of his sclat. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. xii. 63 Draw a Circle on a Slat or Paper. 1823[see 3].
3. a. Slate used for roofing buildings. Now dial.
c1400Laud Troy Bk. 18362 Thei caste al doun thes worthi wones, Led & tyle, sclat & stones. 1412–3Abingdon Rolls (Camden) 76 Et in ij Ml sclat emptis. 1581in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 413 He shall..cover the same..wth slatt. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. iv. Columnes 43 Built but of Brick, of rusty Tiles, and Slat. 1823E. Moor Suffolk Words 360 Slat, slate, either that used at school, or to roof houses, or what is found among coals.
†b. Slate, or some slaty substance, used in the form of powder, esp. as a medicine; Irish slat, alum-slate. (Cf. slate n.1 4 b.) Obs.
1639T. de la Grey Expert Farrier 265 Take of black or blew slat, and make it into fine powder. 1643Sir B. Grenvile MS. Letter, I am something sore, and did spitt bloud two daies... I had no slatt, neither do I now need it. 1665Sir R. Howard Committee 111, Go in and take some Irish slat by way of Prevention, and keep your self warm. 1684in Phil. Trans. XX. 271 Irish Slat Pulveriz'd, and infus'd in Water.., would impart its Vitriolick Quality.
†c. Slate as a variety of stone or rock. Obs.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iii. 896 Slat, Jet, and Marble shall escape my pen, I over-pass the Salt-mount Oromene. 1681Grew Musæum iii. ii. ii. 329 A Metalline Slat from the Tin-Mines. 1697in Phil. Trans. XXVII. 467 The Slat above this Coal afforded only Stalks of Plants.
4. a. A long narrow strip of wood or metal, used for various purposes.
1764Museum Rust. II. 189 Nailing of slats, old hoops, or laths, on the two sides and fore end of the cart. 1828–32Webster s.v., The slats of a cart or a chair. 1866Harvard Mem. Biogr., R. Ware I. 242 The bulk of those now in bed must have lain on the slats of the bedstead. 1885C. F. Holder Marvels Anim. Life 28 Arranged in transverse rows, like slats on a blind. 1890H. S. Hallett 1000 Miles 277 When the floors are of split bamboo..the interstices between the slats are many and often large.
b. In vehicles: (see quots.).
1794W. Felton Carriages (1801) I. 31 The side pieces are called Slats, which are..hung on a centre pin or bolt to the elbow-rails. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss., Slats, the sleepers or rails to support the bed of a cart. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2199/1 Slat,..a bent strip which bows over the seat and forms one of the ribs of the canopy.
c. pl. The ribs. slang (orig. and chiefly U.S.).
1898H. E. Hamblen General Manager's Story 33 There's nothing much the matter with him; few of his slats stove in, that's all. 1911J. Masefield Everlasting Mercy 11 Billy bats Some stinging short-arms in my slats. 1916C. J. Dennis Ginger Mick 28 Why don't ole England belt 'em in the slats? 1928New Yorker 3 Nov. 44/2 When Mr. Kaplan pokes M. de Vos in the slats he (or it) [sc. the crowd] halloos rapturously for Mr. Kaplan. 1944W. Stevens Let. 12 Sept. (1967) 473, I want to give the office a kick in the slats. 1976Observer (Colour Suppl.) 29 Feb. 33/1 The crunch probably came with the V & G report where, to my mind unfairly, certain civil servants got a real kick in the slats.
d. Aeronaut. The part of an aeroplane wing that is forward of a slot near the leading edge, or that can be moved forward to create such a slot and so provide additional lift. Cf. slot n.2 2 d.
1931Man. Rigging for Aircraft (H.M.S.O.) (ed. 3) i. 12 Slots are a device for varying the air flow over the surface of an aerofoil, by the use of an auxiliary aerofoil, or slat, set parallel to and in front of the leading edge of the main aerofoil. 1935C. G. Burge Compl. Bk. Aviation 451/2 The slat behind which the slot itself lies is mounted so that it swings forward automatically when an angle of incidence some few degrees below stalling point is reached. 1960C. H. Gibbs-Smith Aeroplane i. xiii. 104 The slotted wing, matured in 1919,..was a device consisting of a curved slat (at first manually operated and then automatic) which was made to project from the leading edge of the wing and thus force air through the resulting slot and over the upper surface of the wing: the effect was to..postpone stalling.
5. a. Basket-making. (See quots.) Cf. slath.
1837L. Hebert Engin. & Mech. Encycl. I. 153 The larger ones [sc. osiers] forming the slat and skeleton of the basket. 1851–4Tomlinson's Cycl. Useful Arts (1867) I. 109/1 In this way the foundation of the basket, called the slat or slate, is formed.
b. dial. A hurdle.
1883C. R. Smith Retrosp. I. 4 Some open hurdles, or slats as they are called in Kent.
6. attrib. and Comb.
a. In senses 1–3, as slat-coal, slat-pen, slat-pin, slat-stone.
1412–3Abingdon Rolls (Camden) 76 In sclatpynnes emptis xx d. 1436–7Ibid. 114 Et in sclatpynnes et tyȝlpynnes emptis iiij s. c1440[see 1]. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. iv. xii. 195 If you make it upon a Slat Stone,..you may wipe the Arch, that is lightly drawn by a Slat Pen.., off at pleasure. 1713Phil. Trans. XXVIII. 222 This resembles a Slat-Coal of a Lead colour.
b. In sense 4, as slat-awning, slat-bar, slat-bottom, slat-matting; slat-back a. orig. and chiefly U.S., of a chair: having a back constructed of several horizontal ribs (cf. ladder-back (chair) s.v. ladder n. 6); also absol. as n.; slat conveyor (see quot. 1957); slat fence U.S., a fence made of slats.
Various other combs. are given by Knight Dict. Mech.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2199/1 A corrugated iron *slat-awning.
1891I. W. Lyon Colonial Furnit. New England 165 They were called in their day ‘bannister back’, ‘split back’, ‘slit back’, and sometimes ‘*slat back’ chairs. 1904W. B. Ware Seats of Colonists 12 Slat-back Chair: Now often known as Shaker Chair, is the simplest expression of the Turned Chair. 1952J. Gloag Short Dict. Furnit. 434 Slat back, a name sometimes used for a primitive form of ladder back chair, with four or five slats between the seat and the top rail: a type made in the countryside. 1976Billings (Montana) Gaz. 30 June 4-c/1 (Advt.), Slat-back rocker is constructed of selected hardwoods with an antique pine finish.
1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. 388/2 *Slat Bar, the bar of a siege howitzer limber between the splinter bar and bolster.
1883Cent. Mag. Oct. 819/2 The olives are first dried in trays with *slat bottoms.
1916G. F. Zimmer Mech. Handling & Storing (ed. 2) vii. 101 *Slat conveyors are used largely to carry substance in bags, also general merchandise packed in boxes and crates. 1957J. A. W. Huggill in H. W. Cremer Chem. Engin. Practice III. 413 The slat conveyor, for packages, sacks and similar unit loads, has its carrying surface made of wooden or metal slats.., each attached to the chain links.
1790W. Bentley Diary 22 June (1905) I. 180 The Principal Garden is in three parts divided by an open *slat fence painted white. 1938M. K. Rawlings Yearling xxxiii. 424 He came to the slat fence. He felt his way along it.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2202/1 *Slat-matting, a floor covering of wooden slats or veneers on a flexible fabric, which may be rolled like a carpet.
▪ II. slat, n.2|slæt|
[f. slat v.2]
1. A slap; a slapping blow. Now dial.
1611Cotgr., Truellée, a trowell-full; or, a clap, slat, or slamp with a Trowell. 1746Exmoor Scolding (E.D.S). 101 Ad! chell gi' tha..a zlat in the chups. 1837–in Devon and Somerset use (see Eng. Dial. Dict.). 1898T. Hardy Wessex Poems 47 Such snocks and slats since war began Never saw recruit or veteran.
2. A sudden gust or blast of wind.
1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxv, The sail..by a slat of the wind blew in under the yard with a fearful jerk.
▪ III. slat, n.3 rare—1.
In 8 slatt.
[a. Irish slat rod, measuring stick.]
(See quot.)
1780Young Tour Irel. I. 348 Frize..at a slatt or measure, four feet two inches long, and 20 to 23 inches wide.
▪ IV. slat, n.4|slæt|
[? Irish.]
A salmon out of season; a spent salmon.
1870Daily News 16 Feb., An unclean and unseasonable salmon of the species called ‘kelts’ in Scotland and ‘slats’ in Ireland. 1882Day Fishes Gt. Brit. II. 69 After spawning this fish [salmon] is a kelt or slat. 1886Field 27 Feb. 261/1 These ‘slats’ would then escape, and the cause of a great injury to the fishing be prevented.
▪ V. slat
(Cant): see slate n.2
▪ VI. slat, v.1|slæt|
Also 7 slatt.
[f. slat n.1]
trans. To cover with slates. Now dial.
c1475Crabhouse Reg. (1889) 61 Sche made the cloystir..and slattyd it. 1615Sir R. Boyle in Lismore Papers Ser. i. (1886) I. 79, I compounded with Iohn Lambert to slatt my new stable in yoghall. 1667in Earwaker E. Cheshire (1877) I. 114 Paid for slatting the Lych porch. 1881in Evans Leic. Gloss.
▪ VII. slat, v.2|slæt|
Also 3 sclatte, 9 dial. sclat.
[Of doubtful origin. Some of the senses resemble those of ON. sletta to slap, splash, etc., but this would not readily account for the currency of the word in south-western dialects. In sense 4 perh. partly imitative: cf. slatter v.2]
1. trans. To flap, cast, dash, impel quickly and with some force. Const. down, against, on, etc.
a1225Ancr. R. 212 Hwon heo ihereð þet god, heo sleateð [v.r. sclattes] adun boa two hore earen. 1611Cotgr. s.v. Flacquer, He squasht, slat, or squat her downe there. 1787Grose Prov. Gloss., To slat on, to dash against, or cast on any thing. 1850Scoresby Cheever's Whaleman's Adv. xiii. (1858) 186 The danger from a whale's flukes and fins, as the monster slues and slats them round. c1866Staton Rays fr. Loominary 37 If he comes this way ogen..aw'll slat some watter on him. 1897Howells Landlord at Lion's Head 95 She'll slat the letters down every which way, and you've got to hunt 'em out for yourself.
b. To knock off by impact or pulling.
1871Schele de Vere Americanisms 545 Fishermen on the Eastern coast, who disengaged mackerel and other delicate-gilled fish by slatting them off the hook.
2. To strike, beat; to knock out.
1577–87Holinshed Chron. III. 1034/2 A butcherlie knaue named Fulks..slat him in the head with a club. 1604Marston Malcontent iv. iii, Men. How did you kill him? Mal. Slatted his braines out. 1837–in south-western dialect (see Eng. Dial. Dict.).
3. intr. (See quots.) dial.
1838Holloway Prov. Dict., To slat or sclat, to beat with violence against any thing, as rain against a window. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss. s.v., Why the water's slatting off your hat on to your coat.
4. Naut. Of sails: To flap violently.
1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast v, The great jib flying off to leeward and slatting so as almost to throw us off the boom. 1865Mrs. Whitney Gayworthys xxvi, The canvas slatting out and in, in great bights. 1881Clark Russell A Sailor's Sweetheart III. vi. 256 The sail slatted so violently that it was as much as we could do..to get the canvas up to leeward.
b. In other contexts: To flap or slap.
1889‘Mark Twain’ Yankee at Court of K. Arthur I. 120, I couldn't seem to stand that shield slatting and banging..about my breast. 1897― Man that corrupted Hadleyb., etc. (1900) 333 The removable desk-boards had been taken away, and nothing left for disorderly members to slat with.
Hence ˈslatting vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1883Cent. Mag. Oct. 942/1 All hands..jumping aloft like monkeys to roll up the slatting canvas. 1888Clark Russell Death Ship I. 46 Every moment this terrible slatting threatened her other spars.
▪ VIII. slat, v.3 Now dial.|slæt|
[prob. ad. OF. esclater to break in pieces: cf. slat n.1]
intr. and trans. To split.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 415 It [the nail] slatteth and shiuereth in the driuing into two parts. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. 424 Both head-peeces and habergeons were slat and dashed a peeces. 1702Burlesque of R. L'Estrange's Vis. Quevedo 72 If his Horns had not been Flatted Perhaps my Head he might ha' Slatted. 1825–in dialect glossaries (chiefly south-western).
▪ IX. † slat, ppl. a. Obs.—1
[f. sleat v.1]
Baited.
c1300Pol. Songs (Camden) 154 He sitteth ase a slat swyn that hongeth is eren. |