| 释义 |
‖ syncytium Biol.|sɪnˈsɪtɪəm|
Pl. -ia. Also anglicized syncyte |ˈsɪnsaɪt|.
[mod.L. (Haeckel), f. Gr. σύν syn-1 + κύτος receptacle, vessel, taken as = cell (see -cyte).]
a. A single cell or protoplasmic mass containing several nuclei, formed either by fusion of a number of cells without fusion of the nuclei, or by division of the nucleus without division of the cell-substance.
b. A structure composed of such cells forming the outermost fetal layer of the placenta.
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. iii. 113. 1878 Bell tr. Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. §26. 31 One [group of muscular tissue] consists of cells simple in form, the other of fibres derived from cell-aggregates, or from syncytia; the latter is indicated by the presence of numerous cell-nuclei. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 260 The presence of emboli of placental giant-cells (syncytium) in the pulmonary capillaries in cases of puerperal eclampsia. 1909J. W. Jenkinson Experim. Embryol. 55 The fusion of distinct cells into a syncytium, as in the trophoblast.
Hence syncytial |-ˈsɪtɪəl| a., of the nature of or pertaining to a syncytium; synˈcytiolyse |-laɪz| v. [cf. next], to cause destruction of the syncytium (see b above); syncytiolysin |-ˈɒlɪsɪn| [lysin] (see quot.); ‖ ˌsyncytiˈoma [mod.L. after sarcoma, etc.], a tumour of the syncytium (sense b); syncytioˈtoxin (see quot.); synˌcytioˈtrophoblast, the outer, syncytial layer of the trophoblast; also, one of the cells that make up this layer; synˌcytiotrophoˈblastic a.
1895Athenæum 29 June 842/1 The origin of the ova from syncytial masses of protoplasm. 1903Thayer Schmaus' Path. & Pathol. Anat. 545 Syncytial masses, or trabeculæ of syncytial cells. 1905Brit. Med. Jrnl. 26 Aug. Epit. Curr. Med. Lit. 35/1 Syncytiolysing antibodies. 1913Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 7), Syncytiolysin, a lysin destructive to the syncytium. Ibid., Syncytiotoxin, a toxin that has a specific action on the syncytium. 1926Jrnl. Anat. LXI. (Proc. Anat. Soc.) 77 The trophoblast consists of a thick folded cellular layer (cytotrophoblast), on the outer surface of which an irregular and as yet thin deeply staining layer of syncytio-trophoblast is in process of differentiation. 1961Nature 29 July 510/1 In human beings, the syncytiotrophoblasts are the fœtal cells in direct contact with the maternal bloodstream. Ibid. 511/1 The evidence favours the interpretation of the binding of tagged globulin from post-partum sera by the syncytiotrophoblastic cytoplasm as an immune phenomenon. 1980Sci. Amer. Aug. 82/2 (caption) As the invasion proceeds the trophoblast differentiates into two layers, the outer syncytiotrophoblast, which leads the advance into the endometrium, and the cytotrophoblast, which forms a complex system of projections that eventually push through the syncytiotrophoblast into the pools of maternal blood. |