| 释义 |
▪ I. † slang, n.1 Chiefly Sc. Obs.
Also 6 slaing.
[a. MDu. or MLG. slange (Du. slang, G. schlange) serpent, cannon, etc.]
A species of cannon; a serpentine or culverin. (Cf. sling n.2)
1521Ld. Dacre in Archaeologia XVII. 205 A Saker, two Faucons,..viij. small Serpentyns.., a grete Slaing of Irn. 1539in Archaeologia XI. 439 Four score shotte of leade for a slang, 16 shotte of leade for a saker. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 41 Mak reddy ȝour..slangis, & half slangis, quartar slangis. c1600R. Bannatyne Memor. (1836) 133 Small brasen peices, slanges of irone, and vtheris mae peices that was tane fra the toun.
▪ II. slang, n.2 dial.|slæŋ|
[Of obscure origin. Some dialects have the form sling; further variations are slanget (slanket) and slinget (slinket).]
A long narrow strip of land.
The precise sense varies a little in different localities.
1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 715 There runneth forth into the sea a certaine shelfe or slang, like unto an out⁓thrust tongue. 1764in Rep. Comm. Inq. Charities XXVIII. 145 Two slangs of ground. 1804J. Evans Tour S. Wales 300 Formerly the lands of this district [near Fishguard] were divided into very narrow slangs, which were unenclosed. 1839–in dialect glossaries (Northampt., Shropsh., Heref.). 1885Field 4 Apr. 426/2 He struggled across a couple of grass fields into the slang adjoining Brown's Wood.
▪ III. slang, n.3|slæŋ|
[A word of cant origin, the ultimate source of which is not apparent. It is possible that some of the senses may represent independent words. In all senses except 1 only in slang or canting use.
The date and early associations of the word make it unlikely that there is any connexion with certain Norw. forms in sleng- which exhibit some approximation in sense.]
1. a. The special vocabulary used by any set of persons of a low or disreputable character; language of a low and vulgar type. (Now merged in c.)
In the first quot. the reference may be to customs or habits rather than language: cf. the use of slang a. 2 b.
1756W. Toldervy Hist. 2 Orphans I. 68 Thomas Throw had been upon the town, knew the slang well. 1774Kelly School for Wives iii. ix, There is a language we [bailiffs] some⁓times talk in, called slang. 1809E. S. Barrett Setting Sun I. 106 Such grossness of speech, and horrid oaths, as shewed them not to be unskilled in the slang or vulgar tongue of the lowest blackguards in the nation. 1824Scott Redgauntlet ch. xiii, What did actually reach his ears was disguised..completely by the use of cant words, and the thieves-Latin called slang. a1839Praed Poems (1864) II. 117 And broaches at his mother's table The slang of kennel and of stable.
b. The special vocabulary or phraseology of a particular calling or profession; the cant or jargon of a certain class or period.
1801Encycl. Brit. Suppl. I. 723/1 A studied harangue, filled with that sentimental slang of philanthropy, which costs so little, promises so much, and has now corrupted all the languages of Europe. 1802–12Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) IV. 306 Giving, in return for those fees, scraps of written lawyer's slang. 1834H. J. Rose Apol. Study of Divinity (ed. 2) 15 However tempting the scientific slang, if I may so term it, of the day may be. 1857Kingsley Lett. (1878) II. 43, I have drawn, modelled in clay and picture fancied, so much in past years, that I have got unconsciously into the slang. 1872Geo. Eliot Middlem. xi, Correct English is the slang of prigs who write history and essays. And the strongest slang of all is the slang of poets.
c. Language of a highly colloquial type, considered as below the level of standard educated speech, and consisting either of new words or of current words employed in some special sense.
1818Keble in Sir J. T. Coleridge Mem. (1869) 75 Two of the best [students] come to me as a peculiar grinder (I must have a little slang). 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xliii, He was too old to listen to the banter of the assistant-surgeon and the slang of the youngsters. 1868Doran Saints & Sinners I. 107 He [Latimer] occasionally employed some of the slang of the day to give force to his words. 1887R. N. Carey Uncle Max xv, If I had ever talked slang, I might have said that we chummed together famously. 1914J. M. Barrie Admirable Crichton iv. 227 In the regrettable slang of the servants' hall, my lady, the master is usually referred to as the Gov. 1925T. Dreiser Amer. Tragedy (1926) I. ii. i. 156 Don't say ‘swell’. And don't say ‘huh’. Can't you learn to cut out the slang? 1937Partridge Dict. Slang p. ix, A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, i.e. of linguistically unconventional English, should be of interest to word-lovers. 1976Times Lit. Suppl. 30 Apr. 520/4 In Australia, slang simply has a quite different status from slang in England. It is a part of ‘Standard English’ there, not outside ‘Standard English’. Slang words are used informally, casually and naturally by all Australians regardless of class or education.
attrib. and Comb.1846Mrs. Gore Engl. Char. (1852) 139 Like a door from which some slang-loving roué has wrenched the knocker. 1850N. & Q. Ser. i. 369/2 That great slang-manufactory for the army, the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. 1856G. Meredith Let. 15 Dec. (1970) I. 28 Have you..a book of Hampshire Dialect?.. Also a slang Dictionary, or book of the same with Gloss. 1926Variety 29 Dec. 5/3, I was hep that the slang slingers were not crowding each other. 1977K. F. Kister Dictionary Buying Guide ii. 240 The more substantial slang dictionaries provide detailed word histories and thus complement the etymological dictionaries.
d. Abuse, impertinence. (Cf. slang v. 3, 4.)
1805T. Campbell Let. 9 Feb. in W. Partington Private Letter-bks. W. Scott (1930) 100 In five weeks, however, her slang broke out, and within the seventh she discovered the whole catalogue of Vices of which a very ugly woman can be guilty. 1825Lockhart in Scott's Fam. Lett. (1894) II. 297 This Mr. H. gave grand slang to the Porters, etc., who crowded the vessel on our anchoring: ‘Your fingers are all thumbs, I see’, etc.
†2. Humbug, nonsense. Obs.—1
1762Foote Orator i. Wks. 1799 I. 192 Have you seen the bills?.. What, about the lectures? ay, but that's all slang, I suppose; no, no. No tricks upon travellers.
†3. A line of work; a ‘lay’. Obs.—1
c1789G. Parker Life's Painter 120 How do you work now?.. O, upon the old slang, and sometimes a little lully-prigging.
4. A licence, esp. that of a hawker.
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Slang,..a warrant, license to travel, or other official instrument. 1865Slang Dict. 234 ‘Out on the slang,’ i.e. to travel with a hawker's licence. 1896Westm. Gaz. 9 Dec. 2/1 You don't want for much to start with;..½ sovereign..for a (slang) licence is plenty.
5. a. A travelling show.
1859Slang Dict. 94 Slang, a travelling show. 1873Leland Egypt. Sketch Bk. 63 There is a great deal of the Rommany or Gipsy element..wherever the ‘slangs’ or exhibition affairs show themselves.
b. A performance.
1861Mayhew Lond. Lab. III. 101, I am talking of a big pitch, when we go through all our ‘slang’, as we say.
c. attrib., as slang cove, cull, a showman.
c1789G. Parker Life's Painter 130 To exhibit any thing in a fair or market,..that's called slanging, and the exhibiter is called the slang cull. 1851Mayhew Lond. Lab. I. 353 We did intend petitioning.., but I don't suppose it would be any go, seeing as how the slang coves (the showmen) have done so, and been refused.
6. A short weight or measure. (Cf. slang a. 3.)
1851Mayhew Lond. Lab. I. 32/2 There's plenty of costers wouldn't use slangs at all, if people would give a fair price. Ibid. II. 90/1 Some of the street weights, a good many of them, are slangs.
▪ IV. slang, n.4 Cant.|slæŋ|
[app. a. Du. slang snake, etc.: see slang n.1]
1. A watch-chain; a chain of any kind.
G. schlange is similarly used in canting language.
1812in J. H. Vaux Flash Dict. c1866Vance Chickaleary Cove (Farmer), How to do a cross-fan for a super or slang. 1884Pall Mall G. 29 Dec. 4/2 The slang (chain) should be taken with the watch, if possible, by snipping..the button⁓hole that it is fixed in.
2. pl. Fetters, leg-irons.
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Slangs, fetters, or chains of any kind used about prisoners. 1823‘J. Bee’ Dict. Turf, Slangs are the greaves with which the legs of convicts are fettered. 1883York & York Castle 276 Each set of these slangs or leg irons, weighing perhaps from twelve to fifty pounds.
So slanged ppl. a., fettered.
1812in J. H. Vaux Flash Dict.
▪ V. slang, a. (and adv.)|slæŋ|
[Related to slang n.3]
1. Of language, etc.: Having the character of, belonging to, expressed in, slang.
1758J. Wild's Adv. to Successor (Hotten), The master who teaches them should be a man well versed in the cant language, commonly called the slang patter. 1798Anti-Jacobin 5 Mar., The following stanzas..in the Slang or Brentford dialect. 1810Ann. Reg. 296 The police-officers are of opinion that the robbery..is what is called, in slang language, a put-up robbery. 1817Edin. Rev. XXVIII. 512 Now this style is the reverse of one made up of slang phrases. 1861Q. Rev. No. 220. 468 The translation..is studded with the colloquialisms, and sometimes even slang expressions, of Charles II's time. 1892Stevenson Across the Plains 24 Set phrases, each with a special and almost a slang signification.
2. Given to the use of slang; of a fast or rakish character; impertinent.
1818Moore Diary 1 Dec., The conversation to-day of rather a commoner turn than usual on account of these slang bucks. 1858Trollope Dr. Thorne xxiv, The set with whom he lived at Cambridge were the worst of the place. They were fast, slang men, who were fast and slang, and nothing else. 1862G. J. Whyte-Melville Ins. Bar xi, Forgetting in his indignation to be either slang or cool. 1864The Realm 30 Mar. 7 Daring, saucy girls, slang and fast.
Comb.1856G. J. Whyte-Melville K. Coventry xii, A slang-looking man with red whiskers.
b. Of dress: Loud, extravagant; more showy or obtrusive than accords with good taste. ? Obs.
1828Sporting Mag. XXII. 444 Without the slightest appearance of slang or flash toggery about him. 1849Alb. Smith Pottleton Legacy (1854) 11 A smart scarf, a very new hat, a slang coat, and a massive watch-chain. 1858G. J. Whyte-Melville Interpreter x, His dress was peculiarly neat and gentlemanlike, not the least what is now termed ‘slang’.
c. Of tone, etc.: Slangy, rakish.
a1834Coleridge Notes & Lect. (1849) I. 47 Let some wit call out in a slang tone,—‘the gallows!’ and a peal of laughter would damn the play. 1840Hood Up Rhine 62 A slang air..and the use of certain significant phrases..current in London. 1847Alb. Smith Chr. Tadpole xxix. (1879) 263 The slang tone in which these words were uttered produced another burst of laughter.
3. Costers' slang. Of weights and measures: Short, defective.
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Slang weights or measures, unjust, or defective ones. 1851Mayhew Lond. Lab. I. 32/2 The slang quart is a pint and a half. Ibid., The slang pint holds in some cases three-fourths of the just quantity.
b. adv. So as to give short measure.
1851Mayhew Lond. Lab. I. 32/2 He could always ‘work slang’ with a true measure.
▪ VI. slang, v. colloq. or slang.|slæŋ|
[f. slang n.3 or a., in various senses.]
1. ? intr. To exhibit at a fair or market.
c1789[see slang n.3 5 c].
2. a. trans. To defraud, cheat. b. intr. (also with it). To employ cheating; to give short measure.
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Slang, to defraud a person of any part of his due, is called slanging him; also to cheat by false weights or measures, or other unfair means. 1812Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 284 He slanged the dragsman,..which means that he sneaked away from the coach. 1851Mayhew Lond. Lab. I. 32/2 So the men slangs it, and cries ‘2d. a pound’, and gives half-pound. Ibid. 474/2 What he's made by slanging, and what he's been fined.
3. intr. To utter, make use of, slang; to rail in abusive or vulgar language.
1828Lytton Pelham xlviii, We rowed, swore, slanged with a Christian meekness and forbearance. 1842Ld. Houghton in Wemyss Reid Life I. 285 Having so furiously slanged against the wickedness of war. 1868W. R. Greg Lit. & Soc. Judgm. 141 Mr. Carlyle slangs like a blaspheming pagan; Mr. Kingsley like a denouncing prophet.
4. trans. To abuse or scold violently.
1844Alb. Smith Adv. Mr. Ledbury i, He could..slang coal-heavers..better than anybody else in London. 1853R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour v, His off-hand way of blowing up and slanging people. 1888Burgon Lives 12 Good Men II. xi. 314 He sent for the offender..and in the most slashing style ‘slanged’, even threatened him.
Hence ˈslanging vbl. n. slanging match: an exchange of abuse; a vituperative argument.
1856Lever Martins of Cro' M. 250, I feel certain that I could stand any..quantity of what is genteelly called ‘slanging’. 1864C. M. Yonge Trial xvii, I never had such a slanging in my life! 1895Athenæum 7 Sept. 316/3 The slanging all round which they give one another. 1896T. E. Taylor Running Blockade vi. 74 A slanging match went on between us, like that sometimes to be heard between two penny steamboat captains on the Thames. 1936Sun (Baltimore) 14 Oct. 12/3 They [sc. the speeches] were made by the man who commands the highest authority and the greatest power in all the Reich, and they provoked an international slanging match. 1938‘G. Orwell’ Homage to Catalonia xii. 243 The slanging-match in the newspapers. 1978J. Porter Dead Easy for Dover xiv. 140 Mrs Vincent very sensibly decided not to get involved in a slanging match with Dover. Their views on unmarried mothers were poles apart.
▪ VII. slang
obs. or Sc. pa. tense of sling v. |