| 释义 |
▪ I. commend, v.|kəˈmɛnd|
Forms: 4–6 comend(e, commende, (5 kommende, 6 comment), 4– commend.
[ad. L. commendāre to commit to any one's charge, entrust, commend to his care, recommend, f. L. com- intensive + mandāre to commit into one's hands or charge, etc.: see mandate. OF. commander had the sense of both commend and command (the latter a developed sense of L. mandāre), and commande in Eng. had orig. the same two senses. But here, in course of the 14th c., the form commend was taken from L. commendare (well known with its derivatives in feudal and ecclesiastical law, also in the Vulgate) in the original L. sense, and command(e in this sense gradually went out of use. See command v.]
1. To give in trust or charge, deliver to one's care or keeping; to commit, entrust:
†a. a thing. Formerly in such expressions as commend to memory (L. commendare memoriæ), also commend to paper, writing, etc.
1382Wyclif Isa. x. 28 Anent Magmas it shal commende [1388 bitake to kepying] his vesseles. c1475Babees Bk. 5 Yif that youre lorde his owne coppe lyste commende To yow to drynke. 1550Becon Gov. Virtue Wks. (1843) 482 Commend to memory the fifteenth chapter of Corinthians. 1581Mulcaster Positions xxxvii. (1887) 155 The maister to whose iudgement I commend the choice. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. iii. i. 169 To her white hand see thou do commend This seal'd-vp counsaile. c1630Jackson Creed vi. xxviii. Wks. V. 464 The conduct of the right wing..was commended to his brother. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. vii. 97 These Rhymes I did to Memory commend. 1866Motley Dutch Rep. ii. iii. 184 The ‘cup of bitterness’..was again commended to his lips.
b. a person. Now esp. used of committal to the divine keeping: To commit with a prayer or act of faith, ‘to deliver up with confidence’ (J.).
c1386Chaucer Moder of God 134 Un to you tweyne, I my soule commende. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xix. 88 He..saise deuote praiers and commendez him till his godd. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxii. 492, I comende you my wyfe..& my children. 1548–9(Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer 128 We commend vnto thy mercifull goodnes, this congregacion. 1620Shelton Quix. III. xxviii. 201 Who errs and mends, to God himself commends. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. xi. ix, The Island's King..with grave speech..Himself, his state, his spouse, to them commended. 1823Scott Quentin D. xvii, Having commended himself..to the Saints..Quentin.. retired to rest.
2. To present as worthy of favourable acceptance, regard, consideration, attention, or notice; to direct attention to, as worthy of notice or regard; to recommend:
a. a thing.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 1 Clannesse who-so kyndly cowþe comende. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. lxiii. (1495) 900 Mylke is commendyd for it nouryssheth well the body. 1586Cogan Haven Health lxiv. (1636) 76 Harts-ease..is commended for a rupture. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Warres 381 They commended Peace to both. 1855Dickens Lett. (1880) I. 393 The pleasanter humanity of the subject may commend it more to one's liking.
b. a person.
1382Wyclif 1 Macc. xii. 42 He..commendide him to alle his freendis. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 68 [The] Abbot of Pontiniack, to whome the Pope..had commended him. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 109 The bearer hereof..I have bin requested to commend unto you. 1611Bible Rom. xvi. 1, I commend vnto you Phebe our sister. 1876Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. viii. lx. 543, I shall be glad if you will commend me to their acquaintance.
c. fig. To recommend.
1382Wyclif 1 Cor. viii. 8 Mete comendith vs not to God. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 170 Y⊇ prayer that fraternall charite or brotherly loue commendeth before God.
†d. To recommend (a person) to do a thing.
1647Lilly Chr. Astrol. xxvii. 171 Some friend shall commend the party inquiring to accept of some imployment very advantagious.
e. refl.
1593–7R. Hooker Eccl. Pol. iii. viii. 148 This method of teaching may commend it selfe vnto the world by that easines & facilitie which is in it. 1865Gladstone in R. Lowe Speeches on Reform (1867) 159 The law has commended itself more and more to the respect and attachment of the people. 1886‘Maxwell Gray’ Silence of Dean Maitland i. x, [The grey suit] had commended itself to Everard from the sense of cleanliness that light colours always afforded him. 1904F. M. Nichols Epist. Erasmus II. 269 It commends itself to all the theologians who are either learned, or honest and candid.
3. a. gen. To mention as worthy of acceptance or approval, to express approbation of, praise, extol.
a1340Hampole Psalter xi. 7 Þe prophet comendis þe prechynge of crist. c1374Chaucer Troylus v. 761 For that that som men blamen evere yit, Loo! other maner folk comenden it. c1490Promp. Parv. 89 (MS. K.) Comendyn or preysyn, laudo. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 5 In all ages noble enterprises haue ben commended. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. ii. v. 180 She did commend my yellow stockings of late. 1634H. R. tr. Salerne Regim. Pref. 2 Commend it, or come and mend it. 1738Johnson London 3 My calmer thoughts his choice commend. 1844Thirlwall Greece VIII. lxii. 175 He commended their zeal.
†b. to commend to be (of such a kind). Obs.
1598Stow Surv. xliv. (1603) 485 Roger Niger is commended to haue beene a man of worthy life. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. iii. (1651) 259 The Egyptians..are commended to be..a..merry Nation.
c. absol.
a1744Pope On Verses of Dk. Buckhm. 2 Thou shalt live, for Buckingham commends. 1766Fordyce Serm. Yng. Wom. (1767) I. i. 36 Commend as often as you can. 1863Longfellow Ways. Inn 2nd Interl., One, ever eager to commend.
†4.
a. To set off to advantage, or with added grace, lustre, etc.; to adorn or grace. Obs.
1535Coverdale Prov. xv. 2 A wyse tonge commendeth knowlege [Vulg. ornat scientiam]. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 300 What..more commendeth a woman than constancie? 1589Gold. Mirr. (1851) 47 Gold commends the precious stone. 1593H. Smith Serm. Wks. II. 111 The light of the candle doth not dazzle, but rather commend the light of the sun. 1644Milton Areop. (Arb.) 70 The gracefull symmetry that commends the whole pile and structure.
b. fig. (in proverbial expression).
1620Venner Via Recta iii. 48 Such as have very strong stomackes, or like to have their meat commend their drinke.
5. To recommend to kindly remembrance; formerly in ordinary use in the conveyance of greetings, now arch.: e.g. commend me to ―, remember me kindly to ―; ― commends him(self) to you, ― asks to be kindly remembered to you, sends his kind remembrances; I commend me to you, I present my kind regards or remembrances.
1463Past. Lett. II. 138 Ryght worchepful ser..I comend me to you [earlier letters have recommend and command]. c1490Promp. Parv. 89 (MS. K.) Comendyn or gretyn [1499 recomende], recommendo. c1528Mrq. Dorset in Ellis Orig. Lett. iii. 173 II. 147, I hertely commende me vnto you. 1563in E. Lodge Illust. Brit. Hist. (1791) I. 349 We comende us unto yor good Lordshipp. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iii. ii. 235 Signior Anthonio Commends him to you. 1677Holyoke Dict., To commend him unto one, salvo. 1759Robertson Hist. Scot. I. vii. 528 Commend me to my son.
6. Eccl. To bestow in commendam. Also absol.
1616Brent tr. Sarpi's Counc. Trent (1676) 239 A Cathedral Church might be commended to a Deacon. Ibid. 235 But the Popes..did pass these limits, and commended for a longer time. 1670Blount Law Dict. s.v. Commendam, He to whom the Church is commended, hath the Fruits and Profits thereof, onely for a certain time. 1885T. Arnold Cath. Dict. 198/1 A Council of Merida commended to the metropolitan the churches of certain bishops who had been ordered to retire from their sees and do penance.
7. Hist. To place under the personal protection of a feudal lord (‘se in vassaticum alicui commendare’ Du Cange).
1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (ed. 3) I. iii. 91 The freeman might..determine to whom..he should commend himself. Ibid. 121 The kingdom of England..was twice commended to a foreign potentate. 1875Stubbs Const. Hist. I. 253 note, Vassus..was used..in the Karolingian period for a freeman commended, or placed in the relation of comitatus, to a lord. 1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 781/2 The privileged position of the abbey tenants gradually led the other men of the valley to ‘commend’ themselves to the abbey.
8. commend me (us) to: a colloquial expression, serious or ironical, of choice or preference, = ‘give me by choice’. Orig. of a person.
1712Steele Spect. No. 486 ⁋4 Of all that I have met in my time, commend me to Betty Duall. 1775Sheridan Rivals i. ii, Commend me to a mask of silliness, and a pair of sharp eyes for my own interest under it. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey vi. i, For a handsome, generous, sharp-witted knave, commend me to Hunsdrich the porter. 1842Tait's Mag. IX. 635/2 Commend me to Edinburgh above all cities! 1868Browning Ring & Bk. viii. 51 Commend me to home⁓joy, the family board Altar and hearth!
¶ App. confused or blended with the verbs comment and command.
1637Abp. Williams Holy Table 107 That most admirable passage..applauded and commended vpon by Lactantius himself. 1651Reliq. Wotton. 59 To commend over his condition and transcendent power..as a matter of publique consequence. 1673–4Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872–5 II. 417 Whensoever you shall have any further occasion to commend me, I shall not faile to testify that I am, etc.
▪ II. † coˈmmend, n. Obs.
[In sense 1, a. F. commende, corresp. to It. and med.L. commenda a benefice given in charge to any one (see commendam), lit. ‘a deposit, charge’, f. commendāre to give in charge, entrust, etc.: see prec. In the other senses it may have been formed immed. from the verb in Eng. or Sc.]
1. Eccl. = commendam 1. in commend, to commend: in commendam. Sc.
c1470Henry Wallace ix. 1128 The rent at will he [king off Ingland] gaiff [that byschop] in commend. Ibid. i. 172 Glaskow thai gaif..To dyocye in Duram to commend. 1513Douglas æneis viii. Prol. 108 Ane kinrik of paroch kyrkis cuppillit with commendis.
b. Feudal protection: see commend v. 7. Sc.
c1470Henry Wallace x. 1072 The lord Bewmound in to the north he [Edward] send. Thai lordschippys all thai gaiff him in commend.
2. Commendation.
c1470Henry Wallace viii. 1473 The gret commend that scho to Wallace gaiff Befor the king. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 277 Quhairthrow he gatt commend Of largnes and liberalitie. 1608Shakes. Per. ii. ii. 49 Speak in his just commend.
b. with a and pl. Also a commends.
1606Rollock's Lect. 1 Thess. (ed. 1606) 100 (Jam.) Thou..givest vs a goode commend, and vtterst a great rejoising for vs. 1631Heywood F. Maid of West iii. Wks. 1874 II. 302 To..vouchsafe some few commends Before his death. 1641Marmion Antiquary in Hazl. Dodsley XIII. 427 You give yourself a plausible commends.
3. A greeting, remembrance, compliment.
c1470Henry Wallace xi. 966 The harrold Jop in Ingland sone he send, And wrayt to Bruce rycht hartlie this commend, Besekand him to cum and tak his croun. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, iii. i. 38 Tell her I send to her my kind commends. 1608L. Machin Dumb Knt. v, Thanks M. Jayler, and a kind commend. c1645Howell Lett. (1650) II. 41 Mr. William Pawley, to whom I desire my most hearty commends may be presented.
▪ III. commend
obs. form of comment n. |