| 释义 |
▪ I. collect, n.|ˈkɒlɛkt|
Forms: 3–6 collecte, 4–6 colect, 5– collect. Also (in sense 3) 5 collete, colet, 5–6 colett(e, 6 collette, collet.
[In sense 3, a. F. collecte (= Pr. collecta, Sp. colecta, It. colletta), ad. L. collecta n., a gathering together, (1) in Classical Lat. a collection of money or taxes, (2) in late L. (Jerome) an assembly or meeting, (3) in med.L. in the liturgical sense (which was the first in English): f. collectus pa. pple. of colligĕre to gather together, collect. (The formation is parallel to that of Romanic ns. in -ata, -ada, -ée.) In OF. it had the semi-popular form coleite (later coloite) whence ME. collete, as well as the learned collecte, adapted from the L. collecta, familiar in ecclesiastical use. Senses 1 and 2 were prob. directly from Latin, but they were merely extensions of the earlier use of collecte as representing L. collecta in sense 3. Sense 4 is a later adaptation of the Latin.]
†1.
a. The action of collecting; a collection (of money). Obs.
1382Wyclif 1 Cor. xvi. 1 Of the collectis, or gaderingis of moneye [Vulg. de collectis], that ben maad. 1401Pol. Poems (1859) II. 88 So dide Poul and other disciples, and lyvede of colectis made generali bi chirchis. 1430Lydg. Chron. Troy iv. xxxiv, That the collecte made be anone. 1560–78Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. (1621) 46 We have thought good for building and upholding of the places, a generall collect be made.
b. Rendering of med.L. collecta in sense of ‘fee collected or jointly contributed’.
1831Sir W. Hamilton Discuss. (1853) 407 The regents were entitled to exact from their auditors a certain regulated fee (pastus, collecta)..Salaries were sometimes given to certain Graduates, on consideration of their delivery of ordinary lectures without collect.
†2. A meeting, assembly; esp. for worship. Obs.
1382Wyclif Neh. viii. 18 Thei maden solempnete seuene daȝes, and in theeiȝ the a colect [Vulg. collectam], after the custum. 1725tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 17th c. I. v. 99 He remarks that the word Collect signifies commonly the Assembly of the Faithful. 1728H. Herbert tr. Fleury's Eccl. Hist. I. 528 He asked him if he had assisted at the Collect, i.e. the assembly.
3. Liturg. A name given to ‘a comparatively short prayer, more or less condensed in form, and aiming at a single point, or at two points closely connected with each other’, one or more of which, according to the occasion and season, have been used in the public worship of the Western Church from an early date. Applied particularly to the prayer, which varies with the day, week, or octave, said before the Epistle in the Mass or Eucharistic service, and in the Anglican service also in Morning and Evening Prayer, called for distinction the collect of the day.
As to the origin and history of the term, we are indebted mainly to the Rev. F. E. Warren, M.A., for the following notes: the Gregorian Sacramentary (ed. Muratori, 22, 28, 116) has in one place oratio ad collectam, and twice simply collecta (to which also the first is shortened in later copies), as the title of a prayer said at one of the appointed stations where the people collected in order to proceed together to the church where mass was said. Here the meaning was ‘a prayer for (or at) the collection or gathering’. But of even earlier date is the use, in the Gallican liturgies, of collectio, passing later into collecta, as a title of prayers, especially those of the mass, in which the sense was evidently the collecting or summing up in a prayer of the thought sketched out in the Rogatio or bidding, or suggested by the capitula for the day. It was from this source that the term, as a more or less general equivalent for oratio, passed into the mediæval French and English missals and breviaries (see Paris Brev. 1836, Rubricæ Generales xii; Rituale Dunelmensis (Surtees Soc.) passim; Sarum Breviary (ed. 1882), Index, Sarum Missal (Burntisl. 1861) 3; Hereford Missal p. xxxv; York Missal (Surtees) I. 169, etc.), and thence, again, into the Book of Common Prayer, where it is the title of such prayers as were taken directly from the Breviary or other Service-books of the Sarum use, and of new compositions of the same type. Neither collecta nor collectio occurs as a title, or in a rubric, in the Roman Missal or Breviary, or in any authorized Roman Service-books; but the term is popularly applied, at least in France and England, to ‘the prayer in the Mass, after the Gloria and before the Epistle’ (see Catholic Dict. s.v.; also Littré).
It does not appear that there was any original connexion between the Roman and Gallican uses of collecta here mentioned; but from an early period etymologizing writers tried to connect them, so as to derive the collect from both at once: see the Micrologus (c 1100) iii, of Gallican authorship, Joh. Bekethus Divin. Offic. Explicatio (a 1200) xxxvii, Durandus Rationale Div. Off. (a 1300) iv. xv. §13; see also Dict. of Christian Antiq. s.v., and Canon Bright ‘On the Collects’ in the Prayer-Book Commentary (S.P.C.K.).
a1225Ancr. R. 20 To þe collecte of euerich tide, & to þe Letanie. 14..St. Gregory's Trental 220 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 91 Þe preste moste say in his masse..Þe colette þat fyrst y of tolde. 1454E.E. Wills (1882) 133, xij mark for to syng for me with a special Colett. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 259 b, Whan he sayth the Collettes. a1530Myrr. our Ladye 134, Yt is also called a Collecte that is as moche to saye a gatherynge togyther, for before thys prayer ye..gather you in onhed to pray in the person of holy chirche. 1549(Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Order read. Scriptures, The Collect, Epistle, and Gospell, appoynted for the Sundaie. 1656Blount Glossogr., Collect..more particularly, it is the Priests prayer in the Mass, so called because it collects and gathers together the supplications of the multitude, speaking them all with one voice; and because it is a collection and sum of the Epistle and Gospel for the day. 1672T. Comber Comp. Temple i. §20 (R.), I may add..my own conjecture, that these prayers have been named collects from their being used so near the time of making the collection before the Holy Communion. 1710C. Wheatley Illustr. Bk. Com. Prayer (1794) 145 The second Collect, for Peace..word for word, translated out of the Sacramentary of St. Gregory. 1856Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh i. 392, I learnt the collects and the catechism. 187.Bright in Prayer-bk. Comm. 85 Some prayers which are essentially Collects, such as ‘O God, whose nature’..are not so named in the rubrics.
†4. concr. That which is collected; a collection, gathering. Obs.
1651Jer. Taylor Holy Dying i. §2. (1727) 15 That Collect of Tuscan Hieroglyphicks. 1681W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 343 Collects or gatherings out of others works, eclecta. 1847Medwin Life Shelley I. 14 The Saturday's meal, a sort of pie, a collect from the plates during the week. 1885E. C. Stedman Poets of Amer. v. 137 Yet anything that others can write of him is poor indeed beside a collect of his own golden sayings.
▪ II. collect, ppl. a.|kəˈlɛkt|
[ad. L. collect-us pa. pple. of colligĕre to gather together.]
= collected as pa. pple. (obs.) or adj. (arch.)
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 111 There is noo welle..where waters be collecte. Ibid. I. 345 A langage collecte of alle langages. 1677Cary Chronol. ii. ii. iii. ix. 241 The Collect Number of all the other intermediate Anarchies. 1682Wheler Journ. Greece iii. 227 This upon more collect Thoughts I do not believe. 1830W. Phillips Mt. Sinai ii. 94 Unshaken he alone, And self-collect.
†b. collect years.
‘Collected years. When a table contains quantities denoting the amount of a planet's motion during round periods of years, such as 20, 40, or 60 years; such a change is entered under the heading Anni Collecti.’ (Skeat in Chaucer Astrolabe (1872) Gloss.)
c1386Chaucer Frankl. T. 547 Hise tables tolletanes..fful wel corrected, ne ther lakked nought neither his collect ne his expans yeeris. 1430Lydg. Chron. Troy 1, In tables correct..The yeres collecte and expanse also.
▪ III. collect, v.|kəˈlɛkt|
[Partly a. OF. collecte-r (of date 1371 in sense ‘to collect taxes’; so med.L. collectāre, Sp. colectar), f. collecte n., L. collecta, collect n. But it is probable that the introduction of the verb as Eng. was partly due to the earlier use of collect pa. pple. as a direct adaptation of L. collectus, pa. pple. of colligĕre to gather together (f. col- + legĕre to gather); and it is certain that the use of the word rests upon its being viewed as the formal Eng. representative of L. colligĕre, as in the numerous verbs formed on the Latin ppl. stems: cf. attract, correct, protect, etc.]
1. a. trans. To gather together into one place or group; to gather, get together.
1573Foxe Life Tindale (R.), To collect and set forth his whole workes togither. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iv. i. 304 Collect them all together At my Tent. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. (1843) 31/2 If the sermons..were collected together, and published. 1798Ferriar Illustr. Sterne iii. 58 He collects..the opinions of a multitude of writers. 1871Ruskin Munera P. (1880) Pref. 7, I was collecting materials for my work on Venetian architecture. 1879Lubbock Sc. Lect. iii. 71 Our English ants do not collect provision for the winter. 1886P.O. Guide 108 Letters posted in the Pillar Boxes on Sundays are collected..in time for the general Day Mails.
b. To gather (contributions of money, or money due, as taxes, etc.) from a number of people. absol., to gather money for a charitable purpose or the like, to make a (pecuniary) collection; also colloq., to receive money, to get paid.
1643J. White 1st Cent. Priests 40 While the Church Wardens are collecting the monies. a1687Petty Pol. Arith. (1690) 90 In Collecting of Customs. 1766C. Leadbetter Royal Gauger (ed. 6) 457 There shall be raised, levied and collected, the sum of 4s. for every Hogshead of Cyder or Perry. 1825New Monthly Mag. XIII. 313 Exhibiting samples, procuring orders, and collecting debts for some..house in the city. 1864Sala in Daily Tel. 12 Aug., In this country [U.S.A.], to dun a debtor for a bill is called ‘collecting an account’. 1869‘Mark Twain’ Innoc. Abr. xxxviii. 409 Smyrna has been utterly destroyed six times. If her crown of life had been an insurance policy, she would have had an opportunity to collect on it the first time she fell. c1875Q. Printers' Bible Aids 175 Paul bids the Corinthians collect for the saints at Jerusalem. 1888Farmer Americanisms 159/1 To collect, a contraction for ‘to collect payments’. 1938G. Greene Brighton Rock iv. i. 149 ‘You'd better collect now.’ They moved together towards Tate's stand. A young man with oiled hair stood on a wooden step paying out money. 1938Sharpe S. of Flying Squad xx. 224 They go up to the person to whom they gave the winner and try to ‘collect’.
c. esp. To gather or make a collection of (scientific specimens, rare books, curiosities, etc.); hence loosely or humorously with a single thing as object. Also absol.
1749B. Wilkes Eng. Butterflies G, You may collect great Variety of Caterpillars. 1811Dibdin Bibliomania 542 To collect all the Editions of a work which have been published. 1838Parker Expl. Tour beyond Rocky Mnts. (1846) 181 Mr. Townsend..in addition to collecting birds..had collected rare specimens of reptiles. 1863Kingsley Water-bab. 308 The giant pulled out a bottle and a cork..to collect him with. 1888Bernard Fr. World to Cloister i. 3, I have gone on ‘collecting’ by sheer force of habit.
d. Watchmaking. To fit together the parts of (a watch) into their proper places.
1885Pall Mall G. 21 May 6/1 Collecting the watch—that is, putting the wheels, etc., into their places.
e. To ‘pick up’ from a place of deposit; to call for (a person or thing). colloq. (orig. U.S.).
1896C. T. C. James Yoke of Freedom iii. 53 Jack went down the great marble staircase,..collected his hat and cloak, [etc.]. 1928F. N. Hart Bellamy Trial ii. 30, I was to collect the keys under the doormat at the gardener's cottage. 1936Tickell See how they Run ix. 150 Telling the commissionaire to ring up his house and instruct Johann the chauffeur to collect the car and put it away. 1937Kipling Something of Myself v. 106 On returning to collect my wife, I saw..a newspaper poster announcing my marriage.
f. Used imperatively, adverbially, or as an adj. to indicate that something sent (e.g. a telegram or parcel) is to be paid for by the recipient; in full collect on delivery. Also, to indicate that a telephone call is to be paid for by the person called. Cf. D. orig. U.S.
1893K. D. Wiggin Polly Oliver xv. 172 In an hour another message, marked ‘Collect’, followed the first one. 1901Merwin & Webster Calumet ‘K’ 47 Bannon handed his message to the operator. ‘Send it collect,’ he said. Ibid. 226 A long ‘collect’ telegram. 1933M. de la Roche Master of Jalna xxii. 238 Alayne..went into the library to the telephone. She arranged for coal to be sent collect. 1935W. D. Hubbard Thousandth Frog iii. 55 ‘Say,..who's going to pay for this [telegram]?’ ‘Send it collect.’ 1957J. Kerouac On Road (1958) ii. iii. 118 He leaped into the phone booth and called San Francisco collect. 1967Listener 28 Sept. 386/3 One parlour-game makes the point: you phone McLuhan ‘collect’, and when he answers the phone you say ‘This is the message’ and replace the receiver. 1968B. Norman Hounds of Sparta ii. 13 Collect calls to London were not all that common in the taverna.
g. to collect eyes, intentionally to attract people's attention (to what one is about to say or do).
1904Daily Chron. 28 Dec. 4/7 Why will our authors continue to write..of the hostess's ‘collecting eyes’?.. A novelist..first said that the hostess, about to leave the dining room, consulted all the ladies by ‘collecting eyes’. 1935‘N. Blake’ Question of Proof vii. 124 Gadsby..collected eyes like a hostess. 1952N. Streatfeild Aunt Clara 80 Charles paused and collected the eyes of the family.
h. To attract to oneself by one's personality or activity.
1956E. J. Howard Long View iii. v. 123 An attractive woman will automatically collect a plethora of men whose perceptions are sharp enough to perceive only her most obvious attractions. 1975R. P. Jhabvala Heat & Dust (1976) 63 Occasionally he collects quite a crowd as he sits there cross-legged and expounds his philosophy.
2. intr. (for refl.) To gather together, assemble, accumulate.
1794Hull Adv. 2 Aug. 3/1 The people of the town collecting, the artillery are said to have fired, and dispersed them. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 302 The militia collected from all quarters. 1816J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art I. 2 [It] collects at the bottom of the furnace. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 576 A force was collecting at Bridport. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxiii. 165 A house in which five or six and twenty people had collected for safety.
3. a. trans. To regain or reassert control over, recall to order (one's faculties, thoughts, etc.); to summon up, gather and bring into action (courage, etc.). to collect oneself: to recover oneself from surprise or a disconcerted or distracted state; to gather together one's scattered thoughts, feelings, or energies; to compose oneself.
1602Marston Ant. & Mel. ii. Wks. 1856 I. 28 What meanes these scattred looks ? why tremble you?.. Collect your spirits, Madam. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iii. iii. 38 Affrighted much, I did in time collect my selfe. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 986 Satan..Collecting all his might dilated stood. 1761–2Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) III. xlviii. 728 Raleigh, finding his fate inevitable, collected all his courage. 1793W. Roberts Looker-on (1794) II. 413 As it is my custom to be long in collecting myself, before I can deliver my thoughts with ease. 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 455 We use ‘collect one's self’, for bringing one's self, all one's thoughts, together, and so, having full possession of one's self. 1864D. G. Mitchell Sev. Stories 232 The Count..collected his thoughts.
†b. intr. (for refl.) Obs. rare.
1631Shirley Traitor iii. iii, Collect, I fear you are not well. 1801Southey Thalaba i. iv, At length collecting, Teinab turn'd her eyes To heaven.
†c. To recall to remembrance, recollect. rare.
1610B. Jonson Alch. i. i, Doe but collect, sir, where I met you first.
4. Horsemanship.
a. To bring (a horse) into such a position that he has complete command of his powers, and is completely in hand; as opposed to letting him sprawl or spread himself out.
1833Regul. Instr. Cavalry i. 57 When a horse defends himself against being collected by leaning on the hand. 1859Art of Taming Horses viii. 127 By a judicious use of the curb rein, you collect a tired horse..You draw his hindlegs under him, throw him upon his haunches, and render him less liable to fall even on his weary or weak fore-legs. 1887Illust. Sport. & Dram. News 19 Nov. 263/1 He..never made it without getting his horse well balanced and collected.
b. refl.
1859Art of Taming Horses viii. 127 A horse should never be turned without being made to collect himself. 1879G. J. Whyte-Melville Riding Recoll. v. 77 For a bank he is pretty sure to collect himself without troubling his rider.
5. To form a conclusion, draw an inference; to conclude, deduce infer. Now rare, the current word being gather.
a. with obj. phr., subord. clause, or inf.
1581Lambarde Eiren. iv. xxi. (1588) 622 Hereof also M. Marrow collecteth, that..only eight of them shall receiue the wages. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. i. 277 Clemens Alexandrinus collecteth the time from Adam unto the death of Commodus to be 5858 years. 1651Fuller Abel Rediv. Ep. Rdr. A iij a, That so the other..may collect where and how to amend anything that is amisse. 1655― Ch. Hist. i. iv. §16 Meursius collecteth him a French-man. a1661― Worthies (1840) I. 240, I collect him to have died about the year 1635. 1671Milton P.R. iv. 524 By all best conjectures, I collect Thou art to be my fatal enemy. 1752J. Gill Trinity vii. 141 That he..was the Son of God, may very well be collected from these words. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 445 What the Judges collected to be the intention of the testator. 1856Whewell in Todhunter Acct. Whewell's Writings II. 408, I collect that you are returned, from your communication to the Athenæum.
b. with simple obj. Chiefly of logical inference.
1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iii. i. 35 The reuerent care I beare vnto my Lord, Made me collect these dangers in the Duke. 1656R. Robinson Christ all 559 The Jews collected Christ's love to Lazarus by his tears. 1736Butler Anal. Introd. Wks. 1874 I. 9 Many of the laws of Nature..may be collected from experiments. a1853Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. xviii. 242 The first inference we collect from this subject.
†c. intr. To sum up, infer. Obs. rare.
1594Carew tr. Huarte's Exam. Wits 29 Galen prooues..that, etc...thereon he collects, saying, etc.
▪ IV. collect
obs. form of colic. |