| 释义 |
cognation|kɒgˈneɪʃən|
[ad. L. cognātiōn-em kindred by birth, f. cognāt-us, cognate.]
1. The relation between persons descended from a common ancestor; kinship, relationship, consanguinity. (Common in 17th c.; now rare.)
1382Wyclif Gen. x. 31 Thes the sones of Sem, after cognaciouns [Vulg. secundum cognationes] and tungis and regiouns. 1582N. T. (Rhem.) Luke viii. 21 marg. note, Our spiritual kindred is to be preferred before carnal cognation. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts 365 Termes of Cognation and consanguinity. 1669Gale Crt. Gentiles i. i. iii. 18 Of the original of the Phenicians; their cognation with the Jews. 1862M. Hopkins Hawaii 69 A great danger exists in claiming cognation between two distant peoples from the coincidence of a few words in both languages.
b. spec. in Roman Law: Natural relationship by descent from a common ancestor, whether through males or females; as distinguished from agnation, which was a civil relationship through males only. In Sc. Law, Relationship through females only.
1751Chambers Cycl. s.v., In France, for the succession to the crown they follow agnation; in England, Spain, etc. cognation. 1806Gregory Dict. Arts & Sci. I. 382 Cognation, women coming to the succession according to the degree of proximity, in default of males, or their descendants. 1880Muirhead tr. Instit. Gaius i. §156 There is no agnation between a mother's brother and her son,—only cognation.
†c. Used of ‘spiritual’ relationship, as that between sponsors, etc.; = affinity 1 b. Obs.
c1555Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 266 Knit to us neither by consanguinity nor affinity, but by spiritual cognation. a1626W. Sclater Romans iv. (1650) 140 By spiritual cognation, wherein faith combines us. 1649Bp. Hall Cases Consc. iv. v. 444 The impediment of spirituall cognation, is stretched so far..as that (what by Baptisme, what by Confirmation) twenty severall persons are excluded from the capacity of inter-marriage.
†2. collect. Kindred, kinsfolk, relations. Obs.
1382Wyclif Acts vii. 3 Go out of thi lond, and of thi cognacioun [Vulg. de cognatione tua], or kynrede. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 80/2 Alle hys cognacion..abode in good lyf and in holy conuersacion. 1542Boorde Dyetary i. 233.
3. Philol. The relation between languages naturally descended from a common source, or words from a common root.
[1676W. Hubbard Happiness of People 5 It cometh from and hath a near cognation with a word that signifies to build. 1741Watts Improv. Mind xx. Wks. (1813) 163 What certain sense they could put on either of these 4 words by their mere cognation with each other.] 1862Guardian 23 Apr. 401/3 The great difficulty in all teaching of Comparative Philology is to make people understand the difference between cognation and derivation. 1865Sat. Rev. 11 Feb. 180/2 Sir William Jones recognises the fact that the relation among all of them is cognation and not derivation.
4. The relation between things derived from the same source or having the same origin, or between those having a like nature or quality (= affinity 5); more loosely, that between things connected with, or naturally adapted to, each other (cf. affinity 8); affinity, connexion, relation, likeness. (Very frequent in 17th c.; now rare or Obs.)
a1555Bradford Wks. 354 The society, cognation, and consent, which all and every creature hath with man. 1640Bp. Reynolds Passions xxxvii. 461 The Eye is fitted to discerne light by the Innate property of light and Cognation which it hath thereunto. 1658W. Burton Itin. Anton. 223 [They] had a very great cognation with the Galli, not only in language, but in holy Rites and Customes. 1790Paley Horæ Paul. vi. (1809) 187 This circumstance of identity or cognation in their original. 1845Blackw. Mag. LVII. 396 How close the cognation of the creature and the critical faculty. |