| 释义 |
† ˈsithen, adv., conj., and prep. Obs.
Forms: α. 1 sioððan, 1–3 siððan, 2 -on, 3 -en; 1 siðþan, siþþan, -on, 4–5 siþþen (3 Orm. -enn), 4–5 siþthen, 5 sythethyn, sitthen; 3 siðen (4 siden, syden), 3–4 siþen (4 -an), 4 syþen, 4–5 siþin; 2–7, 9 sithen (5 -enne, -in, -yn, -un, 7 -ene); 4–6 sythen (5 -ene, -in, -inne, -yn, -on, -un). β. 1–2 seoððan, 3 seoð-, seodþen (soððen); 1 seoþðan, 2 seod-, 3 seoðþan; 1 seoþþan, 3 -þen (2 soþþen); 2 seððan, 2–3 seððen (3 sed-), 4–5 seþþen; 1 seoðan, 3 seoðen, seoþen; 2–3 seðen, 3 seiþin, 4 seþen, -in; 3–6 sethen (5 -enne), 4–5 sethyn, 5–6 sethin (5 -inne, -un). γ. 1 syð-, 2 sydþan, 1–2 syþðan, syððan (2 -on), 2–3 suððen (3 -den), 3 swo-, swu-, souððen; 1 syþþan (syþan), 3–4 suþþen, sut(t)hen.
[OE. siþþon, siþþan, etc. (see above), for earlier *síð þon (þan) ‘subsequent to that’ (cf. æfter þon, and G. seitdem), with shortening of the first vowel. The ME. siþen, sithen, however, may also represent ON. síðan (Da. siden), of the same meaning.]
A. adv.
1. = sith adv. 1.
α831Charter in O.E. Texts 445 Wes hit becueden Osbearte..& siððan neniᵹᵹra meihanda ma ðes cynnes. 971Blickl. Hom. 59 He þonne siþþon mid sare ᵹeswenced bið. 1154O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1140, Sithen þerefter sahtleden þe king & Randolf eorl. c1200Ormin Ded. 235 He..sennde siþþenn Haliȝ Gast Till hise Lerninngcnihhtess. c1300Havelok 399 Godard stirt up..and siþen sat Bi þe knictes. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. Prol. 25 Þe sam God sythyn was..þe first maker of alle thyng. 1428Eng. Misc. (Surtees, 1890) 6 And sythen was funden half a duzan fals tyn. 1470–85Malory Arthur v. ix. 175 Kynge Arthur..entryd in to Lorayne..and sythen retorned in to hault Almayn. 1559Mirr. Mag. (1563) D iij, And sythen In Wygmore land..I caught the ryght heyre of the crowned howse.
β Beowulf 1937 Hraþe seoþðan wæs æfter mundgripe mece ᵹeþinged. 971Blickl. Hom. 79 Swa swa hit seoþþan ᵹelamp. a1175Cott. Hom. 225 Ga inn seðen mid þine hiwun. c1205Lay. 26580 ælc his Rumain of-sloh; & seoððen heore hors wenden. c1320Cast. Love 46 Hou sone he hit for-les, And seþþen hou hit for-bouht wes. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. vii. 59, I wol souwen hit my-self and seþþen with ou wende. c1450Lovelich Grail lv. 451 But Sethen Cam there gret persecucioun To bothe Rewmes.
γc1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. iv. 2 Þa ongan hyne syððan hingrian. 1154O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1137, Þe Iudeus of Noruuic..him on rode hengen..& sythen byrieden him. c1205Lay. 3915 His lond he huld half ȝer, and suððen he adun halde. c1300Harrow. Hell (Digby MS.) 17 Ihesu..suþþen was don ful muchel some. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xxii. 143 Iuwes..culled hym on croys-wyse.., And sutthen buriede hus body.
2. = sith adv. 2. (In later use = since adv. 2.)
(a)a900Cynewulf Elene 507 (Gr.), Him næniᵹ wæs..oðer betera under sweᵹles hleo syðþan æfre. 971Blickl. Hom. 219 Þa æfter þisse dæde his noma wæs a seoþþan..mære ᵹeworden. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 963, Se ælfsi wæs þa abbot syððon fiftiᵹ wintre. c1205Lay. 4257 He makede..monien laȝen gode þe long swuððen stode. c1400Destr. Troy 2897 And o sithen it was said..That Parys was Pryam son.
(b)c1250Gen. & Ex. 262 Ihesus..Ros fro ded on ðe sunenday, ðat is forð siðen worðed ay. a1300Cursor M. 1256 Þat gresse gren, þat euer has siþen ben gren. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 2 A grete Daneis felde..þat euer siþen hiderward Kampedene men kalle. c1450Mirk's Festial 22 Euer sethen angeles haue ben frendys..to all good men. 1487Act 3 Hen. VII, c. 11 §1 The seid Clothes ever sythen into this day have been..conveyed out of this realme. 1550J. Coke Eng. & Fr. Heralds §29 Which armes the frenche kynges have ever sythen borne, and yet bere unto this present tyme. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 116 Euer sithene this citty hath declined.
3. = sith adv. 3.
a900Cynewulf Crist 39 Næniᵹ efenlic þam, ær ne siþþan, in worlde ᵹewearð wifes ᵹeeacnung. c1000ælfric Deut. xxxiv. 10 Ne aras siððan nan witeᵹa..swilce Moises wæs. c1300Harrow. Hell (Digby MS.) 33 Suþþen haui þoled..hounger and þurst. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 1641 In sory houre Stood I to loken,..For sithen have I sore syked. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 146 The cursid Emperoure Nero, and many otheres Sethyn and in oure dayes. 1495Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 35 The Kyngis Grace..deputed to hym than and sithen offices of charge. c1570Pride & Lowl. (1841) 25 Before thy time men were not half so wyse As sythen in thy schoole they have been taught. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. xii. 46 Sithen our Country-man Dr. Dee..saith, that an English-man was first Inventor.
4. = sith adv. 4.
c1386Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 536, I..took his herte in chaunge for myn for ay, But sooth is seyd, goon sithen many a day [etc.]. 1471Caxton Recuyell (Sommer) I. 118 Hit is not longe sythen whan I was in my royame [etc.].
B. conj.
1. = sith conj. 1.
αc888K. ælfred Boeth. viii, Ealra ðara arwyrðnessa þe ðu..hæfdest siððan ðu ærest ᵹeboren wære oð ðisne dæᵹ. 971Blickl. Hom. 23 We..swa wæron siþþon se æresta ealdor..Godes bebodu abræc. c1250Gen. & Ex. 84 Siðen ðat newe werld was boren, Til ihesus crist fro helle nam His quemed. 13..Cursor M. 7993 (Gött.), Siþen god þe ches king of kith, His herte has euer ben þe wid. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1244 (Corpus MS.), Neuer siþþen þat þe world bigan..Nas of so fewe so noble a companye. c1450Mankind 265 in Macro Plays 10, I was neuer worth a pottfull a wortis, sythyn I was borne. 1477Paston Lett. III. 201 The greet good that ȝe have had in yowyr rewle sythyn yowyr fadyr deyyd. 1555Bradford in Coverdale's Lett. Martyrs (1564) 252 My manyfolde synnes, euen sythen I came into prison. 1572Abp. Parker Corr. (Parker) 405 He was with me sithen Justice Manwood was placed. [1889F. Cowper Capt. of the Wight 3 The price has risen mightily sithen the tolls have been laid on all hawks.]
β971Blickl. Hom. 187 Maniᵹe ᵹear syndon agan nu seoþþan ure bisceopas..to me ᵹewreoto sende. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 3 Alle þo þe habben ben seðen ure louerd..steh to heuene. c1205Lay. 338 Moni ȝer was agan seodðen his cun hider com. c1320Sir Tristr. 1139 In sorwe ich haue ben ay Seþþen ich aliue haue ben. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 197 Ho-so will enserche the olde stories Sethyn the worlde began.
γ Beowulf 2474 Þa wæs synn and sacu..syððan Hreðel swealt. c1000Ags. Gosp. Mark ix. 21 Hu lang tid is syððan him þis ᵹebyrede. c1205Lay. 4154 Swulc nes næuere eær on erde swoððen..þe Bruttes come hær liðen. c1300Harrowing Hell (Digby MS.) 32 Almest so muchel hit is agon Suþþen þat i bicom furst mon. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xxi. 138 Sutthen þis barn was ybore, beoþ þritty wynter passed.
2. = sith conj. 2.
αc1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 21 Whu shal þat wurðe, siððen [L. quoniam] wapman me ne atrineð? c1220Bestiary 160 Ðis neddre, siðen he nede sal, makeð seld of his bodi. 13..Cursor M. 3167 (Gött.), Quar sal we take þe best,..Siþen we wid vs broght hiþer nan? c1375Lay Folks Catech. (Lamb. MS.) 273 Þis ys Iesus oure lord..sythen he made vs of noȝt. c1400Love Bonavent. Mirr. (1908) 49 And sithen crist..chas that.., sothely that is best. 1470–85Malory Arthur i. xxii. 69 Sythen I haue made yow knyghte thow must yeue me a gyfte. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxi. (Percy Soc.) 153 Thus, sithen Nature hath you well indued With so much beaute,..Exyle Disdayne.
βc1175Lamb. Hom. 77 Hu scal þat bon, soþþen na Mon mine likame irineð. a1200Vices & Virtues 65 Hu scolde godd..hauen rewðe..of ðe, seððen ðu..ne hafst nu hier none of ðe seluen? c1330Arth. & Merl. 239 (Kölbing), Seþþen þe king yslawe was.., A king þai mosten haue swiþe. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 545 (Corpus), Siþen his face was so disfigured..He mighte wel..Lyue in Athenes eueremore vnknowe. c1450Lovelich Merlin 9966 Sethen hit is so as that ȝe seyn. c1500Melusine 163, I beseche you.., sethen I moste departe your presens, to call me ofte in your remembraunce.
βa1200Moral Ode 205 Suððen God nom swa muchele wrake..we muȝen eðe us adrede. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xx. 272 Suthen charite..chargeþ this so sore.
b. So sithen that, = sith conj. 2 b.
1387–8T. Usk Test. Love iii. iv. (Skeat) I. 241 Sithen that god al thing thus beforn wot. c1449Pecock Repr. i. xiv. 73 Holi Scripture is a reuerend thing.., sythen that bi it..the Cristen Chirche of God takith her feith. 1485Caxton Chas. Gt. 50 For noo thynge I shal suffre the to do that fayte sythen that thou arte not presently in helthe.
C. prep.
1. = sith prep. 1.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 5 Eche lif..þat is ȝiarked siðen þe biginninge of þes woreld. 13..Cursor M. 5670 (Gött.), Siþen quen was þu vr domesman? 1414Rolls of Parlt. IV. 57/2 Myne adversaries hav..holden me in prison, sithen Seynt Katerynes day twelve Monthes last passed into this tyme. 1500Rec. St. Mary at Hill (1905) 236 Olde dett that was dew sethen the tyme off Iohn Mylton. 1581Nowell & Day in Conf. i. (1584) D iij b, The space of a xi. hundred yeeres..sithen the Tridentine Councill.
2. = sith prep. 2.
a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 963, Ðis wæs ᵹedon syððon ure Drihtnes acennednesse dccclxxii0. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. ix. 164 Many a peire sithen þe pestilence han pliȝt hem to-gideres. 1415Sir T. Grey in 43rd Rep. Dep. Keeper Rec. 583, I spake never withe hem sethen yat tyme. 1469Paston Lett. II. 368 Whych appoyntements sythen yourr departyng hath be largely remembryd. 1535–6Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 42 By an Acte made sithen the begynnyng of this parliament. a1604Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 70 And sithen that time, hath sprung not all to the pleasure of God. |