| 释义 |
▪ I. climate, n.|ˈklaɪmət|
Forms: 4–7 climat, clymat, (5 pl. clematis), 6–7 clymate, 6– climate.
[a. F. climat (pl. in 14th c. climas), ad. late L. clima, climat- climate, region, a. Gr. κλίµα, κλίµατ- inclination or slope, f. kli- root of κλίν-ειν to slope, lean, incline. The meaning passed in Greek through the senses of ‘slope of ground, e.g. of a mountain range’, the supposed ‘slope or inclination of the earth and sky from the equator to the poles’, ‘the zone or region of the earth occupying a particular elevation on this slope, i.e. lying in the same parallel of latitude’, ‘a clime’, in which sense it was adopted in late L.]
†1.
a. A belt of the earth's surface contained between two given parallels of latitude. Obs.
In early ages 7 climates were reckoned, supposed to be presided over by the 7 planets; of these, the central lines passed respectively through Meroe 17°, Syene 24°, Alexandria 31°, Rhodes 36°, Rome 41°, Borysthenes 45°, and the Riphæan Mountains 48° N. Later, the space between the equator and each of the polar circles was divided into 24 climates, each corresponding to an increase of half-an-hour in the length of the longest day. See Skeat, Note to Chaucer's Astrolabe ii. §39.
1375Barbour Bruce iv. 701 How that the disposicioune [of the hevyn] Suld apon thingis virk heir doune, On regiones, or on climatis. c1391Chaucer Astrol. ii. §39 Þe latitude of a climat. 1393Gower Conf. III. 107 They [i.e. the stars] causen many a wonder To the climats, that stond hem under. c1400Mandeville xv. (1839) 162 They [of Ynde] ben in the firste Clymat, that is of Saturne..Wee ben in the seventh Clymat, that is of the Mone. 1564W. Bullein Dial. agst. Feuer Pest. (1888) 96 The Islandes called Fortunato or Canaria, whose west partes be situated in the thirde Climate. 1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. ii. §1 (1656), I was borne in the eighth Climate. 1683Brit. Spec., It [Britain] is situated..under the eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth Climates. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 42 There are 24 climates between the equator and each of the polar circles. There are 30 climates between the equator and either pole. 1796[see climature].
†b. More vaguely: A region of the earth, a ‘clime’. Obs. exc. as in 2.
1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 5 b, [Hermes] establisshed to the people of euery clymat lawes couenable..to thair opinions. 1557Paynel Barclay's Jugurth 17 A few other authors hold..that vnder climate of that part which is called Europe, the third part named Affrike is comprehended. 1605J. Dove Confut. Atheism 31 When the Sunne is Eclipsed, all the earth is not darkened, but onely one Climat. 1794Godwin Cal. Williams 317 Was the world, with all its climates, made in vain for thy..victim?
2. A region considered with reference to its atmospheric conditions, or to its weather.
[1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xv. xi. (1495) 492 Alania..is a full brode londe and is vnder a colde Clima.] 1601Holland Pliny xviii. vi, If the country or climat be hot, an house must stand in to [i.e. face] the North. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 274 O flours, That never will in other Climate grow. 1698J. Keill Exam. Th. Earth (1734) 209 In the temperate and habitable Climates. 1769Junius Lett. iv. 23 Climates unfavourable to British Constitution. 1831Sir J. Sinclair Corr. II. 238 The husbandry on Norway, and other northern climates. 1874Helps Soc. Press. iii. 55 We live in a very rainy and a very capricious climate.
3. a. Condition (of a region or country) in relation to prevailing atmospheric phenomena, as temperature, dryness or humidity, wind, clearness or dullness of sky, etc., esp. as these affect human, animal, or vegetable life.
1611Shakes. Wint. T. iii. i. 1 The Clymat's delicate, the Ayre most sweet. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. (1843) 31/1 It was no wonder if England was generally thought secure, with the advantages of its own Climate. 1662Gerbier Princ. 24 This Climat makes Marble it self to Moulder. 1719De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. xv. 320 We had always the same climate in all the rooms. 1765A. Dickson Treat. Agric. 139 The wetness of land, arising from the climate or season. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Land Wks. (Bohn) II. 17 The climate is warmer by many degrees than it is entitled to by latitude. 1860Cornh. Mag. II. 566 Climate is properly the long average of weather in a single place. 1880Haughton Phys. Geog. iii. 74 ‘Climate’ may be defined as the complex effect of external conditions of heat and moisture upon the life of plants and animals.
b. fig. (cf. atmosphere). The mental, moral, etc., environment or attitude of a body of people in respect of some aspect of life, policy, etc., esp. in climate of opinion, climate of thought.
1661Glanvill Van. Dogm. xxiii. 227 The larger Souls, that have travail'd the divers Climates of Opinions, are more cautious in their resolves. 1816H. More Lett. (1834) III. iv. vii. 443 Our country, surrounded by the sea on one side, and Mendip on the other, is so thinly planted with gentry, (the spiritual climate also being rather cold,) that without some effort somewhere it would come to nothing. 1866Bagehot Eng. Constitution (1867) viii. 295 We have reached a ‘climate’ of opinion where figures rule. 1874Morley Compromise (1886) 21 The general mental climate..has..ceased to be invigorating. 1886J. A. Symonds Renaissance in Italy I. ii. 139 Lorraine..felt his inner self expand in the rich climate of pontifical Rome. 1895A. J. Balfour Found. Belief iii. ii. 206 A psychological ‘atmosphere’ or ‘climate’ favourable to the life of certain modes of belief, unfavourable..to the life of others. 1902W. James Var. Relig. Exper. xiv. 328 The mental climate proves unfavourable to notions of the deity which at an earlier date were perfectly satisfactory. 1925A. N. Whitehead Sci. & Mod. World (1926) i. 4 A climate of opinion—to use the happy phrase of a seventeenth century writer—requires for its understanding the consideration of its antecedents and its issues. 1938R. Graves Coll. Poems 184 (title) The Climate of Thought. 1940Auden Another Time 118 To us he [sc. Freud] is no more a person Now but a whole climate of opinion. 1949‘G. Orwell’ Nineteen Eighty-Four i. 55 The whole climate of thought will be different. 1951R. Hoggart Auden i. 20 The fondness for the climate of war arose from the sense of menace which all had in the 'thirties. 1952A. Wilson Hemlock & After iii. i. 210 He likes saving causes..he's brilliant at forming what they call now ‘climates of opinion’. 1961Times 4 Aug. 16/1 The trading climate has not been a happy one in these territories in recent months.
†4. The period between two climacteric years; = climacter. Obs.
1574Hellowes Gueuara's Fam. Ep. (1577) 166 That which the Physician doth call Terme in the sicke man, is called in the whole by the Philosopher Climate. 1586T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1589) 531 In the whole course of our life we live under one only climate, which is either from seven, or from nine yeeres, except in the yeere of 63, wherein two terminations or climates ende.
5. Comb., as climate-cure; climate-beaten a., battered by a (tropical) climate.
1787Burns Border Tour Wks. (Globe) 570 A good-hearted, climate-beaten, old veteran, in the medical line. 1878tr. Ziemssen's Cycl. Med. XIII. 175 The chief value ascribed to the breathing of sea-air, to the climate cure.
▪ II. ˈclimate, v.|ˈklaɪmət|
[f. prec. n.]
†1. intr. To sojourn in a particular region or climate. Obs. rare—1.
1611Shakes. Wint. T. v. i. 170 The blessed Gods Purge all Infection from our Ayre, whilest you Doe Clymate here.
2. trans. To acclimatize. U.S.
1849N. Kingsley Diary (1914) 92 Relinquishing the idea of going to the diggings this winter [to] get ourselves climated ready for spring. 1863‘E. Kirke’ Southern Friends iv. 61 It gits a feller's stumac used ter Tophet 'fore the rest on him is 'climated. |