| 释义 |
client|ˈklaɪənt|
Forms: 4–7 clyent, 6 cliant, 6–7 clyant, 4– client.
[ad. L. cliens, client-em (also in 16th c. Fr. client), earlier cluens, ppl. n. from cluĕre, cluēre to hear, listen, perh. in sense ‘one who is at the call of’ his patron.]
1. Rom. Antiq. A plebeian under the patronage of a patrician, in this relation called a patron (patrōnus), who was bound, in return for certain services, to protect his client's life and interests.
1557Paynel Barclay's Jugurth 28 Noble men..hauyng mani clyentes and seruantes retayned with them. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. ii. 167 How should the patrone condemne his owne clientes? 1647R. Stapylton Juvenal 14 The client..was bound by law to contribute towards their patrons assessements, and the marriages of his daughters. 1741Middleton Cicero I. ii. 133 Assassinated..by Pompey's clients. 1834Lytton Pompeii i. ii. 11.
2. a. gen. One who is under the protection or patronage of another, a dependant. Sometimes applied to one who pays constant court to an influential person as patron; a ‘hanger-on’; also, to the vassals or retainers of the middle ages; spec. = client state.
1393Gower Conf. I. 284 As he [love] is blinde him self, right so He maketh his client blinde also. a1400–50Alexander 3195 First cald I ȝow my clyentis þat now I call lordis. 1568Grafton Chron. John II. 109 The King was miserably compelled kneelyng on his knees to geve over both his croune and scepter to the Pope of Rome..and as his client, vassall, feodary, and tenant, to receyve it of him againe. 1613R. C. Table Alph. (ed. 3). Vassal, slaue, clyant. 1711Steele Spect. No. 49 ⁋1 We are very Curious to observe the Behaviour of great Men and their Clients. 1841–4Emerson Ess. Self-Reliance Wks. (Bohn) I. 25 Posterity seem to follow his steps as a train of clients. 1958Spectator 7 Feb. 159/2 This new republic will now be a client of Russia... The other Arab States..are clients of the West.
b. An adherent or follower of a master.
1460J. Capgrave Chron. 233 This Cardinal..fled oute of Rome with his clientis. 1668Culpepper Barthol. Anat. ii. viii. 114 The Doctrin of Galen and his Clients.
c. fig.
1608–11Bp. Hall Occas. Medit. (1851) 60 These flowers [Tulips, etc.] are true clients of the sun..in the morning, they welcome his rising..and at noon are fully displayed, in a free acknowledgment of his bounty.
3. a. spec. One who employs the services of a legal adviser in matters of law; he whose cause an advocate pleads.
1413Lydg. Pilgr. Sowle iii. iv. (1483) 53 Ye wold putte your clyentes at the more cost in fyllynge of youre pourses. 1474Caxton Chesse 27 Pletyng of a cause for his client. 1592Greene Art Conny-catch. 1 When the clients are come from Westminster hall. 1598R. Barckley Felic. Man v. (1603) 385 They call them to whom they be counsellers, their clyents. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. i. ii. 109 Good Counsellors lacke no Clients. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. 28. 1781 Cowper Charity 312 The poor thy clients and Heaven's smile thy fee. 1863W. Phillips Speeches vi. 106 Our clients are three millions of Christian slaves. 1879G. C. Harlan Eyesight i. 11 The lawyers have a saying that ‘the man who pleads his own case has a fool for a client’.
b. One who has a spiritual advocate.
1609Bible (Douay) Pref., They ..solicitous for us their dearest clientes, incessantly intercede before Christ's Divine Majestie. 1857P. Segneri (title) The Devout Client of Mary instructed in the Motives and Means of Serving Her.
4. a. gen. A person who employs the services of a professional or business man or woman in any branch of business, or for whom the latter acts in a professional capacity; a customer. (In earlier use fig. from 1 or 2; now transf.)
1608Shakes. Per. iv. vi. 6 When she [Marina] should do for clients her fitment..she has me her quirks, her reasons, her master reasons, etc. 1681Glanvill Sadducismus ii. (ed. 2) 31 The Negotiation of Evil Spirits with their Clients. 1872E. Peacock Mabel Heron I. iii. 38 Clients..of the money-borrowing order. 1884Chr. Commonw. 28 Feb. 463/3 Neither does the old-fashioned literature of mediæval voluminousness command many clients among popular..readers. 1889Star 2 Sept. 4/3 The owner of Oxeye..a turf telegraphist..sent out this horse to all his clients.
b. A person helped by a social worker; a case.
1925L. Eaves (title) Aged clients of Boston social agencies. 1931Amer. Jrnl. Orthopsychiatry 543 Interest in psychological values has revolutionized social work,..and has given a new dynamic aspect to the whole problem of the relationship of the worker to her client. 1950C. Morris Social Case-Work ii. 35 ‘The case’ has a derogatory sense when used of a person. Reluctantly, therefore, for want of a better word, we refer to ‘the client’. 1959Listener 28 May 937/1 A substantial proportion of social workers’ ‘clients’..are in difficulties for reasons unconnected with their lack of material goods.
5. attrib. and Comb., as client population, client prince; client state, a country dependent on a larger one for trade, etc.
1919J. L. Garvin Econ. Found. Peace 90 The Allied or client populations amongst whom there is acute distress.
1909Westm. Gaz. 27 Feb. 5/1 (title), The Client Princes of the Roman Empire under the Republic. 1918T. E. Lawrence Lett. (1938) 265 The creation of a ring of client states. 1955A. L. Rowse Expans. Eliz. Eng. ix. 334 The insecurity of the client-state of an enemy on the Border.
▸ Computing. A networked computer that requests a service (such as data or an application) from another computer (the server). Also: (freq. more fully client application, client program) a program that can request a service from another program.
1979J. E. Israel et al. in Operating Syst. 17 Programs that access the DFS are always called clients... A computer (or, more precisely, a program running on one) that uses the DFS is called a client. 1989UnixWorld Sept. 106/2 With asynchronous transmission, both the client and the server can send packets to each other without waiting for replies. 1992MacUser Nov. 232/2 To support the X Window System, your Mac needs an X server, a program that controls the windows and other display elements locally while it listens for commands from client applications running anywhere on the network. 2000Internet Money No. 15. 144/2 It provides you with a simple web storefront in seconds. Technically speaking it comprises..a Windows-based client program along with a set of server-side Perl 5 scripts.
▸ client–server n. (also client/server) Computing a system of computer networking in which a number of workstations are linked to one or more servers which manage network resources centrally and from which a service (such as data or an application) can be requested; (also) a similar system in which a program can request a service of another program; usu. attrib.
1983Industr. Res. (Nexis) June 88 Sometimes called client/server systems, they consist of clients such as application processors or personal computer work stations and various types of servers. 1992N.Y. Times 18 Oct. iii. 11/3 The more sophisticated form of networking is called client-server, and it is widely used in corporations. In such a system, one or more powerful computers are set aside as central data servers for a series of client computers. 2000New Scientist 19 Feb. 80/1 (advt.) Experience of managing object-oriented development projects is essential, as well as a thorough knowledge of client-server n-tier and web architectures. |