| 释义 |
▪ I. grail1|greɪl|
Forms: 4 graiel, graell, 4–5 grayel, 4–9 grayle, 5–6 grale, grayll(e, 5–9 graile, 6 graial, greyle, 6– grail.
[ad. OF. grael:—Eccl. L. gradāle, var. graduāle. gradual.]
1. = gradual n. 1.
13..Metr. Hom. (Harl. MS.) 514 in Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 188 By ierom and ambrose ordained es To sing þe graell [v.r. grayel] at þe mes. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 202 Þei neden to have..exponitouris on þe gospellis and pistelis, more þan Graielis and oþere bokis of song. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ix. xxviii. (1495) 364 In Ester weke the Grayle is songe wyth Alleluya. c1460Towneley Myst. xvi. 205 Lefe pystyls and grales; Mes, matyns, noght avalys, All these I defende. 1493Festivall (W. de W. 1515) 33 The greyle is not sayd for those yt ben newe crystened. a1529Skelton P. Sparow 441 The pecocke so prowd, Bycause his voyce is lowde..He shall syng the grayle. 1553Becon Reliques of Rome (1563) 124 Pope Gelasius the fyrst brought in y⊇ Grayll, commaunding that the people shoulde sing it. 1893J. Christie Acc. Parish Clerks 15 Ability to read the Epistles and Lessons, to sing Responsals, Grails, and other parts of the Service.
2. = gradual n. 2.
c1440Promp. Parv. 207/1 Grayle, boke..gradale. 1459Test. Ebor. ii. (Surtees) 227 The best Mes boke..the lesse Antiphoner of iiij, a Graile, a Manuell. 1504Churchw. Acc. St. Mary Hill, London (1797) 105 A manuell, a legend, 2 solomes and grayles. 1549–50Act 3 & 4 Edw. VI, c. 10 (1553) 13 b, All bookes called Antiphoners, Missales, Grailes, Processionalles [etc.]. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. III. 1146/1 One of the gard lift vp to him into the pulpit a masse booke and a graile. 1774Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry (1840) I. Diss. ii. 88 Among the books they found there, were one hundred psalters, as many grayles, and forty missals. 1818Scott Rob Roy ix. 1849Rock Ch. of Fathers II. vi. 202 Upon the outstretched wings of the large brazen eagle lay open the Grail.
▪ II. grail2|greɪl|
Also 4, 9 greal, 5, 7, 9 graal, 6 graile.
[ad. OF. graal, grael, greel, greil = Pr. grasal, grazal whence OCat. gresal-s):—med.L. gradālis a cup or platter, of uncertain origin; commonly referred to a popular L. type *crātālis, f. *crātus altered form of L. crāter cup.]
the (Holy) Grail, the Saint Grail or sangrail: in mediæval legend, the platter used by our Saviour at the Last Supper, in which Joseph of Arimathea received the Saviour's blood at the cross.
The fortunes of ‘the Holy Grail’ (OF. le saint graal, whence Malory has the corrupt form sancgreal: see sangrail), and the adventures undergone in the search for it by various knights of Arthur's Round Table, form an important part of the matter of mediæval romance. According to one story, it was brought by Joseph of Arimathea to Glastonbury (see the 14th cent. Joseph Arim., where it is called ‘þe dische wiþ þe blode’). Sometimes the Grail or Sangreal has been erroneously supposed to be the cup or chalice used at the Last Supper.
c1330Arth. & Merl. (Kölbing) 2222 Til he wer born þat schuld do al Fulfille þe meruails of þe greal. c1450Merlin 59 The peple that were ther-at cleped this vessell that thei hadden in so grete grace, the Graal. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. x. 34 Ioseph of Arimathy..brought with him the holy graile (they say). 1685Stillingfl. Orig. Brit. i. 13 And for all that I can see, the holy Graal deserves as much credit as the Book taken out of Pilat's Palace. 1833Longfellow Drift-Wood Prose Wks. (1886) I. 301 The former, indeed, founded upon the marvels of the Saint Graal, contain nothing but strange and miraculous adventures. 1842Tennyson Sir Galahad 42 Three angels bear the holy Grail.
fig.1876Lanier Psalms of West 505 Godly Hearts that, Grails of gold, Still the blood of Faith do hold. 1894Stead If Christ came to Chicago 110 The quest of the almighty dollar is their Holy Grail.
¶ ? Misused (for rime) in the sense of ‘cup’.
In recent Dicts. this passage is given as authenticating a sense ‘foam’ for grail3.
1653Exaletation of Ale vii. in F. Beaumont's Poems M 3 b, To see how it flowers and mantles in grayle.
▪ III. grail3 Poet.|greɪl|
Also 6 graile, grayle.
[Of unknown origin, perh. a contraction of gravel.]
Gravel.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. vii. 6 This gentle knight..lying downe upon the sandie graile, Dronke of the streame. 1591― Vis. Bellay 157 The golden grayle that bright Pactolus washeth. 1647H. More Song of Soul iii. i. xxii, Like torch that droppeth down..Lies now in darknesse on the grail, or stone. 1840Browning Sordello vi. 447 The silver globules and gold-sparkling grail At bottom.
▪ IV. grail4|greɪl|
Also 9 graille.
[a. F. grêle of the same meaning, f. grêler to make slender, spec. taper and smooth (the teeth of a comb), f. grêle slender.]
A comb-maker's file. Hence ˈgrailing vbl. n., the process of finishing the teeth of a comb with the grail.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 383/2 A Comb-makers Grail..is a long, flat, and broad Tool on the Back, and the other side wrought into Teeth like a Saw. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Graille, a single-cut file, or float, having one curved face and a straight one, used by comb-makers. 1878Encycl. Brit. VI. 178/2 They [combs] then pass to the ‘grailing’ department, where, by means of special forms of files or rasps, known as grails and topers, the individual teeth are rounded or bevelled, tapered, and smoothed.
▪ V. † grail5 Obs.—1
[Cf. OF. gravele a fish, also grayling and graveling.]
Some kind of fish.
1587Harrison England iii. iii. in Holinshed Chron. I. 224 Besides the salmons..we haue the trout, barbell, graile, powt, cheuin, pike [etc.].
▪ VI. [grail6
Error for brail n.1 (sense 3).
[1486Bk. St. Albans a viij b, The same federis ye shall call the brayles or the brayle federis.] 1671Skinner Etymol. Ling. Angl. iv, Grayle feders, or Graylles, vox quæ apud solam Jul. Barns occurrit lib. de re Falconaria [i.e. quot. 1486], à Fr. G. Gresle, Gracilis. 1847in Halliwell [citing Blome; but not found there]. Hence in some later Dicts.] |