| 释义 |
▪ I. sickle, n.|ˈsɪk(ə)l|
Forms: α. 1 sicul, sicol, sicel, 3–5 sikel, 4 sikil, sikul(le, 6 sikell; 4 sykel, 5 sykelle, sykyl, sykol, 6 sykyll; 4 sekil, 5 sekelle, -ylle, zekill; 6 sick-, sikk-, sykkell; 4 sygle, 6–7 sicle; 6 syckle, 7 siccle, 6– sickle. β. 5 cykylle, 5 cikle, 6–7 cickle, 7–8 cycle.
[OE. sicol, sicel, = MDu. sek-, sik-, sykele, siccle, sickele (Du. sikkel), MLG. sekele (LG. sekel), OHG. sichila (G. sichel; cf. Flem. zichel, † sichel); also MSw. sikil, MDa. sig(h)il (Da. segel). It is not certain that the word can be regarded as an early adoption of the Campanian L. secula, f. secāre to cut.]
1. a. An agricultural implement similar in form and use to a reaping-hook, but properly distinguished from this by having a serrated cutting-edge.
αa1000in Wr.-Wülcker 234 Falx,..rifter, vel sicul. c1000Ags. Gosp. Mark iv. 29 He sent his sicol forþam þæt rip æt is. a1100Gerefa in Anglia IX. 263 Siðe, sicol, weodhoc. a1225Leg. Kath. 825 Þu schalt setten sikel forð. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 312 A luyte rondel ase a sikel Men seoth þar-on liȝt. c1340Nominate (Skeat) 527 Sarcle, faux et faucil, Wedehoke, sythe and sikulle. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. iii. 306 But if he do it smythye In-to sikul or to sithe, to schare or to kulter. c1440Promp. Parv. 455/2 Sykyl, falcillus, falcicula. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. ii. xxxix. 163 A croked yron made after the facion of a zekill. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §28 A hande-rake..in the lyfte hande, and a syckle in the ryghte hande. 1542Hen. VIII Decl. Causes War w. Scots C iv, As trew as the allegation of hym that is burnte in the hande, to saye he was cut with a sikell. 1600Nashe Summers Last Will & Test. 871 Roome for the sithe and the siccles there. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 332 A Sickle, a toothed Reap-hook. 1750Gray Elegy 25 Oft did the harvest to their sickle yield. 1796Campaigns 1793–4 II. x. 69 The peasants were preparing to put the sickle to the grain. 1833J. Holland Manuf. Metal II. 50 The scythes and the sickles of the present day differ hardly at all from those in use nearly a thousand years ago. 1856Morton Cycl. Agric. II. 10/1 The saw-edged sickle, the smooth-edged hook, and the heavy sickle employed in cutting beans. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1898 The reaping-hook..has no teeth, and this distinguishes it from the sickle.
βc1440Promp. Parv. 77/1 Cykylle, fassilla vel fassicula. 1497Naval Acc. Henry VII (1896) 88 Cikles, vdd. di.; Sithes, vj. 1565Cooper Thesaurus, Falces messoriæ, cickles: siethes. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 244 Messana was at the first called Zancle, of the crookednesse of the place, which signifieth a cycle. 1664Butler Hud. ii. iii. 292 Chase evil spirits away by dint Of Cickle, Horseshoo, Hollow-flint. 1791T. Newte Tour Eng. & Scot. 410 The poor native..gathers the short and scanty grass with his cycle, or hook.
b. fig. or in figurative contexts.
1596Spenser State Irel. (Globe) 680/1 Godes harvest..is even readye for the sickle. 1602Dekker Honest Wh. Wks. 1873 II. 103 For all Times sickle has gone ouer you, you are Orlando still. 1658Sir H. Slingsby Diary (1836) 208 Be it your care to reserve a sickle for your own harvest. 1718Free-thinker No. 23. 163 Labourers of every Kind may find Room to put in a Sickle. 1742Young Nt. Th. i. 194 Each Moment has its sickle, emulous Of Time's enormous scythe. 1825Macaulay Ess., Milton (1897) 6 In the vast field of criticism on which we are entering, innumerable reapers have already put their sickles. 1868H. Law Beacons of Bible (1869) 148 Wrath's sickle will do its work.
2. Something having the curved or crescent form of a sickle, in various special applications.
† a. An ornamental design in metal-work or embroidery. † b. An ancient military siege-implement (L. falx). c. A form of spur or gaff for a fighting-cock. d. A tail-feather of a cock. e. An instrument used in lacquering.
1459in Somerset Med. Wills (1901) 188 [Two silver gilt basins] pounced [with knots of] sykols. Ibid. 189 [Two] Auter clothes [with one] frountell..[with divers] Compassis [of] sikels [curiously embroidered]. 1472in Wilts. Archæol. Mag. XI. (1868) 337 A paire of cruettis of silver and gilte, wth knottes of sikels. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 491 So also doth the Ram sometime put forth the sicle, and sometime pull it in, and hide it within the frame. c1710in Ashton Soc. Life Q. Anne I. 301 A single battle fought with Sickles, after the East India manner. Ibid., One Cock with a Sickle, and 4 Cocks with fair Spurs. 1882N. Middlesex Adv. 7 July 3/2 Against the insertion of false sickles..the judge of Hamburgs and bantams has..to be on his guard, a good tail..being of special importance in competition. 1884C. G. W. Lock Workshop Rec. Ser. iii. 309/1 The tapper then goes round provided with the..scraping sickle.
f. Applied to the crescent moon, etc.
1657W. Rand tr. Gassendi's Life Peiresc ii. 128 That secondary and weak light, which the Moon showes, besides her silver Sickle, within her Quarter. 1847Tennyson Princ. i. 100 Ere the silver sickle of that month Became her golden shield. 1875Longfellow Amalfi vii, Far away Sweeps the blue Salernian bay With its sickle of white sand.
g. (With capital initial.) A group of stars in the constellation Leo.
1882in Ogilvie. 1885Sir R. S. Ball Story of Heavens xviii. 383 The Sickle is specially famous..as containing the radiant point from which the periodic shooting star shower known as the Leonids diverges.
3. attrib. and Comb., as sickle-blade, sickle-maker, sickle-man, sickle-manufacturer, sickle-sweep, sickle-teeth.
1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 166 Its long, drooping pods..resemble a *sickle blade, or rather a curved sword blade.
1483Cath. Angl. 328/1 A *sekylle maker, falcarius. 1619Canterbury Marr. Licences (MS.), Lancelot Symans of Horsmonden, sicklemaker.
1610Shakes. Temp. iv. i. 135 You Sun-burn'd *Sicklemen of August weary. 1821Shelley Hellas 249 Yet the harvest to the sicklemen Is as a grain to each. 1855Singleton Virgil I. 18 The seasons which the sickleman..should observe.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Sickle-manufacturer, a maker of sickles.
1897Crockett Lochinvar xxix. 261 Green flats of sparse grass, terminating in sweet *sickle-sweeps of yellow sand.
1897R. Munro Prehist. Prob. 330 He discusses the peculiarities of the structure of *sickle-teeth.
b. Similative, as sickle-billed, sickle-houghed, sickle-pinioned, sickle-shaped, sickle-winged; sickle-like, sickle-wise.
1782Latham Gen. Synop. Birds I. ii. 705 *Sickle-billed Creeper... Bill an inch and three quarters in length, curved like a sickle. 1872Coues N. Amer. Birds 75 Sickle-billed Thrush. Californian Mockingbird. 1884Ibid. 523 Rostrhamus, Sickle-billed Kites.
1607Markham Caval. iii. (1617) 15 To bee (as some tearme it) *sickle-hought behinde, that is somwhat crooked in the cambrell ioynt, as Hares and Greyhounds are, is not amisse.
1840Penny Cycl. XVIII. 64 *Sickle-like tail-feathers. 1874Wood Nat. Hist. 287 The close-set plumage of the Swallow tribe, their long sickle-like wings.
1763Phil. Trans. LIII. 419 There were still remaining several of the suckers..disposed along its *sickle-shaped Pinnulæ. 1849Thackeray Pendennis vi, The sickle-shaped moon is growing every instant brighter in the heavens. 1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 351 A strongly-curved..vascular plate, sickle-shaped in cross-section.
1870Gillmore tr. Figuier's Reptiles & Birds 468 Among the more remarkable species we may note..the *Sickle-winged Humming-bird.
1876Lanier Clover 100 And curls it, sharp, And *sicklewise, about my poets' heads.
4. Special combs., as † sickle-bear, an epithet of the god Saturn; sickle-bill Ornith. (see quots.); † sickle-boon, tenant-service rendered by reaping (see boon n.1 6); sickle-feather (see quots.); sickle-ham, -hough (see quot. and sickle-houghed in 3 b); sickle-moon, the crescent moon (cf. 2 b); sickle-oyster (see quot.); sickle-pea, a variety of pea having a curved pod; sickle-pod, an American species of rock-cress; sickle scaler Dentistry, an instrument with a curved blade for removing scale from teeth; sickle-tedder, a workman who cuts the teeth in a sickle.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iv. 385 Thou, rich, benign, Ill-chasing Jupiter, Art (worthy) next thy Father *sickle-bear.
1872Coues N. Amer. Birds 262 Numenius, Long-billed Curlew. *Sickle-bill. 1880Cassell's Nat. Hist. IV. 21 All of these have a long curved bill, and include..the Sickle-bills (Drepanornis and Epimachus).
1438Add. Roll 41659 (MS.), Reddit per annum v. s. iiii d, iiii *sikilbons et i [hay]bone. Ibid., xx d. tres ob. for hys sekylbone. 1546Yorks. Chantry Surv. (Surtees) 290 To John Hunt for sicle bonez, ijs.
1688Holme Armoury ii. 251/1 The Cocks..tail consists all of crooked bending feathers (*Sickle Feathers as some call them). 1849D. J. Browne Amer. Poultry Yd. (1855) 25 The sickle feathers of the tail are perhaps equally characteristic of the genus.
1799Sporting Mag. XIV. 186 *Sickle-hams or *sickle-houghs, in horses, may be compared to knock or nap-knees in men.
1875Ruskin Hortus Inclusus (1887) 42 Bright morning. *Sickle moon just hiding in a red cloud.
1758Phil. Trans. I. 526 Small oblong oysters, which the workmen call the *sickle-oyster, some of them being found crooked.
1731Miller Gard. Dict. s.v. Pisum, The *Sickle Pea is much more common in Holland than in England. 1763Mills Syst. Pract. Husb. IV. 109 The Sickle pea, or Sugar pea, which is much cultivated in several foreign countries. 1856Morton Cycl. Agric. II. 576 Varieties of Field Peas... White Sickle.
1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 166 *Sickle Pod... A plant remarkable for its long, drooping pods.
1930W. H. O. McGehee Text-bk. Operative Dentistry 930/2 (Index), *Sickle scalers. 1956H. M. Goldman et al. Periodontal Therapy v. 94 The sickle scaler has a blade with two or four cutting edges. 1962Blake & Trott Periodontology x. 97 Fine sickle scalers are used for subgingival scaling.
1833J. Holland Manuf. Metal II. 56 There is a peculiarity in the handling of his hammer and chisel by a *sickle tedder.
▪ II. † ˈsickle, a. Obs.
Forms: 3 sikel, 5 sikkil, 6 sickil, sickle; 5 seckle, sekkul, sekyl, seekle.
[f. sick v. + -le 1.]
Sickly.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 466 Heore beire broþur lazarus was swyþe sikel a man. c1440Pallad. on Husb. Tab. 269 Olyuys, sikkil, to hele in Marche. Ibid. xi. 139 The tendir plaunte is take anoon,..and sekkul beth the grete ysette. c1475Cath. Angl. (MS. A) 327/2 A Sekylman, valitudinarius. 1570Levins Manip. 121 Sickle, valetudinarius.
▪ III. † ˈsickle, v.1 Obs.
Forms: 1 siclian, 1–2 sæclian, 3 sæclen, secli, 4 seccle.
[f. sick a. + -le 3.]
intr. To be or fall ill, to sicken.
c1000Sax. Leechd. III. 151 Diu egrotat, lange he siclaþ. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1066, Ða wæs Leofric abbot of Burh æt þæt ilca feord & sæclode þær & com ham. 1154Ibid. an. 1154, Þa sæclede he & ward ded. c1205Lay. 30549 Þa iwarð þe king þere isæcled ful swiðe. a1225Ancr. R. 50 Leste..oure soule secli so sone heo is ute. c1350Will. Palerne 575 Sche..seccleled in a seknesse.
▪ IV. sickle, v.2|ˈsɪk(ə)l|
[f. sickle n.: cf. sickled ppl. a. b, sickling1.]
1. trans. To cut with a sickle. Also absol.
1922J. Masefield Dream 13 All golden ripe and ready to be shorn By sickling sunburnt reapers singing staves. 1927H. E. Fosdick Pilgrimage to Palestine i. 4 The harvesters were sickling golden grain on the Shephelah hills. 1971Country Life 2 Dec. 1501/1 The English labourer sickles his corn in August, the French labourer has it in by that time.
2. Path.
a. intr. Of red blood cells: to become crescent- or sickle-shaped. Of blood: to exhibit sickling.
1923Amer. Jrnl. Dis. Children XXVI. 133 The blood of the father..was normal on being drawn, but ‘sickled’ after standing for variable periods of time at room temperature. 1946Lancet 10 Aug. 204/1 Severely anæmic blood always sickles far more readily than blood which is not anæmic. 1970R. W. McGilvery Biochem. iv. 75 Even the cells of heterozygotes will sickle if the oxygen tension is low enough. 1981Sci. Amer. Mar. 117/1 After cyanate treatment and washing, the AS cells remained competent as hosts for P. falciparum, but now they did not sickle as readily.
b. trans. To cause to sickle.
1977Lancet 20 Aug. 411/1 The desickling agent..reacts with red cells which had been deoxygenated and sickled with sodium metabisulphite. |