| 释义 |
▪ I. chirm, n. arch. and dial.|tʃɜːm|
Forms: 1 cirm, cyrm, 3 chirm, 6 chirme; 5–6 chyrme, cherme, 6 chearm, charme, 6–7 churme, 7 churmne: cf. also charm n.2
[Immediately connected with chirm v.]
1. Noise, din, chatter, vocal noise (in later times esp. of birds).
a800Corpus Gloss. 925 Fragor, suoeg, cirm. c975Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xxv. 6 æt middere niht þa cirm geworden wæs. a1000in Wr.-Wülcker 205 Clangor, tubarum sonus..dyne, geþun, cyrm. a1250Owl & Night. 305 TheȜ crowe bigrede him..And goþ to him mid heore chirme. 1513Douglas æneis iii. vi. 14 That wnderstandis the..chirme of every birdis voce on fer. 1806Train Poetical Rev. 79 (Jam.) A chirm she heard..out o' a hole she shot her head.
2. esp. The mingled din or noise of many birds or voices, the ‘hum’ of school children, insects, etc.
1530Palsgr. 617 What a cherme these byrdes make [jargonnent]! 1547Brend Lett. in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) III. 379 Words confirmed with a churme of those that stood about. 1556Hoby tr. Castilione's Covrtyer (1577) G ii a, Then was there heard..a cherme of loude speaking. 1556J. Heywood Spider & F. lv. 1 With this a chirme in mumering there fell: Amongst them [insects] all. 1600Holland Livy vi. 235 Grammer schooles ringing againe with a chirme of schollers. 1622Bacon Hen. VII, 186 [Perkin] was conueighed leasurely on Horsebacke..through Cheape-side..with the Churme of a thousand taunts and reproches. 1841Fraser's Mag. XXIII. 457 A coming tempest announces itself by the birds subduing their song to a chirm.
†3. A company or flock (of finches). Obs.
c1430Lydg. Hors, Shepe, & G. (1822) 30 A chyrme of fynches, a swarme of bees. 1486Bk. St. Albans F vj, A Cherme of Goldefynches. 1688in R. Holme Armoury ii. 311/1.
▪ II. chirm, v. arch. and dial.|tʃɜːm|
Forms: 1 cirm-an, cyrm-an, 3 chirmen, 5–6 chirme, chyrm(e, 6– chirm, (9 churm).
[OE. cirm-an to cry out, shout, make a noise. Cf. Du. kermen, MDu. kermen, karmen, to mourn, lament, MLG. kermen. The ulterior history is uncertain.]
1. intr. To cry out, vociferate, roar: originally used widely, but in Middle and modern English, chiefly restricted to the melodious chatter or warbling of birds, or of human beings compared to birds.
a1000Judith 270 Hi ongunnon cirman hlude. a1000Guthlac (Gr.) 880 Swa wilde deor cirmdon. a1225Ancr. R. 152 Sparuwe..cheatereð euer ant chirmeð. So ouh ancre..chirmen & cheateren euer hire bonen. c1475Partenay 878 Briddes..meryly chirmed in the grene wod. 1595Duncan App. Etymol. (E.D.S.) Repr. Gloss. xiii, Cantillo, to chante or chirme. 1623Cockeram ii, To Chirme like birdes, Gingreate. 1700Wallace Acc. New Caledonia in Misc. Cur. (1708) III. 417 We have a Monkey aboard that chirms like a Lark. a1774Fergusson Poems (1845) 12 Linties, chirmin' frae the spray. 1808R. Anderson Cumbrld. Ball. 31 Then he wad chirm and talk, And say, Ded, ded; Mam, mam, and aw. 1840Galt Demon Dest., etc. 63 Admiring wonder churm'd from all the throng. 1860–80Ferguson Cumbrld. Gloss. (E.D.S.) Chirm, to chirp. 1865A. Smith Summ. Skye (1880) 345 The fairy sits..chirming and singing songs to the cows.
2. trans. or with cognate object.
1728Ramsay Gentl. Sheph. i. i, To hear the birds chirm o'er their pleasing rants! 1832–53Whistle-Binkie Ser. i. 98 The corn-craik was chirming His sad eerie cry.
Hence chirming vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1481Caxton Old Age, And knewe the thyngys to come by the chyrmyng and by the song and by the countenance of foulys and birddys. 1595Duncan App. Etymolog. (E.D.S.) Augur, a gesser be the chirming of birds. 1854Phemie Millar 33 A chirming..foolish woman. 1877Ouida Puck xxix. 359 Sounds of..stirring bees and chirming birds. |