| 释义 |
declare, v.|dɪˈklɛə(r)|
Also 4–5 declar, 6 declair, -ayre.
[a. F. déclare-r, ad. L. dēclārā-re to clear up, make clear or evident, f. de- I. 3 + clār-us clear, clārāre to make clear. OF. had desclairier, f. des-, de- (de- I. 6) + clair clear, which was gradually brought, through declairir, declairer, into conformity with the L. type.]
†1. trans. To make clear or plain (anything that is obscure or imperfectly understood); to clear up, explain, expound, interpret, elucidate.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 1618 And þaȝ þe mater be merk..He shal de-clar hit also, as hit on clay stande. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 72 Declarynge & openynge doutis. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 56 Yf I sholde reherse them..excepte I sholde also declare them, they sholde not moche profyte. 1530Palsgr. 508/2 It is no nede to declare it, the mater is playne ynoughe. 1638Chillingw. Relig. Prot. i. ii. §12. 58 That those [things] which are obscure should remain obscure, untill he please to declare them. a1691Boyle (J.), To declare this a little, we must assume that the surfaces of such bodies are exactly smooth.
†2. To manifest, show forth, make known; to unfold, set forth (facts, circumstances, etc.); to describe, state in detail; to recount, relate. Obs.
c1340Hampole Prose Tr. 23, I shalle telle and declare to the a litille of this more opynly. c1400Mandeville (1839) v. 53 For to declare ȝou the othere weyes, that drawen toward Babiloyne. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531), The cause..shall be more playnly declared in the seconde boke. a1533Ld. Berners Huon xlii. 140 He declared to them the dethe of his brother. 1582N. T. (Rhem.) Acts xx. 27 For I haue not spared to declare vnto you al the counsel of God. 1606Holland Sueton. 76 He wrote..somewhat of his owne life: which hee declared [L. exposuit] in thirty books. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 237, I will declare their Method of Working.
†3. intr. To make exposition or relation of.
1393Gower Conf. III. 128 Of other sterres how they fare, I thinke hereafter to declare. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xvi. 72 Here hafe I talde ȝow and declared of þe Haly Land and of cuntreez þer aboute. c1470Henry Wallace v. 528 He..To thaim declarde off all this paynfull cas. 1526Tindale Acts xvii. 2 And thre saboth dayes declared of the scriptures unto them. a1533Ld. Berners Huon cxxv. 452 The whiche he shewyd to syr Barnarde, and declaryd of the fountayne and gardayne.
4. trans. Of things: To manifest, show, demonstrate, prove.
In later quots. there is association with 5.
c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1498 The fires which that on myn auter brenne Shulle thee declaren..Thyn auenture of loue. c1391― Astrol. ii. §6 Ȝif any degree in thi zodiak be dirk, his nadire shal declare him. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1539) 57 b, Suche maner of vomite declareth corruption. 1535Coverdale Ps. xviii. [xix.] 1 The very heauens declare the glory off God. 1568E. Tilney Disc. Marriage C iij, Much babling declareth a foolishe head. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 300 His fair large Front and Eye sublime declar'd Absolute rule. 1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. iv. ii. 338 Many Sceletons..declare that the Cartilago scutiformis..is changed into the hard substance of a Bone. 1810Scott Lady of L. i. xxv, Nor track nor pathway might declare That human foot frequented there.
5. a. To make known or state publicly, formally, or in explicit terms; to assert, proclaim, announce or pronounce by formal statement or in solemn terms.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 314 Þer foure at Rome ware, to areson þe pape, Þe right for to declare. 1397Rolls of Parlt. III. 378/2 As it is more pleynleche declared in the same Commission. c1400Destr. Troy 2147 Qwen the kyng had his counsell declaret to the ende. 15..? Dunbar Wks. (1893) 264/3 His name of confort I will declair, Welcom, my awin Lord Thesaurair! 1648Duke of Hamilton in H. Papers (Camden) 234 You shall declare in name of this kingdome that they nor their forces will not admitt..the excepted persons. 1827Jarman Powell's Devises (ed. 3) II. 165 A testator, after declaring his intention to dispose of all his worldly estate. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 111 The parliament itself declared in formal language that they would resist any attempt.
b. with compl.: a person, etc. (to be) something.
1538Starkey England i. iv. 124 To declayre penytent heartys..to be absoluyd from the faute therof. 1640State Trials, Earl Strafford (R.), No man hath ever been declared a traitor, either by king or parliament, except [etc.]. 1659B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 269 The Chanceller declared him Major, as being entred into the fourteenth yeare of his age. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 728 That thou in me well pleas'd declarst thy will Fulfill'd. 1765–9Blackstone Comm. i. xvi. (1793) I. 578 When a woman..declares herself with child. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 115 [He] declared himself a member of the Church of Rome. 1874Green Short Hist. vi. §4. 312 The end of all punishment he declares to be reformation.
c. to declare war: to make formal and public proclamation of hostilities against († to) another power.
1552Huloet, Declare warres, arma canere, bellum indicere. 1681J. Salgado Symbiosis 6 Of Angels..some declared war against God. 1761Chesterfield Lett. IV. ccclx. 178, I have now good reason to believe that Spain will declare war to us. 1763Gentl. Mag. Mar. 108 Before the war just now concluded was declared. 1827Examiner 422/1 France..has formally declared war against Algiers. 1831Ibid. 321/1 The Duke..had declared war.
d. to declare a dividend: to announce officially a (specified) dividend as payable.
6. a. To state emphatically; to affirm, aver, assert.
1709Steele Tatler No. 135 ⁋1 He declares, he would rather be in the Wrong with Plato, than in the Right with such Company. 1752Johnson Rambler No. 199 ⁋15 One young lady..declared that she scorned to separate her wishes from her acts. 1841D'Israeli Amen. Lit. (1867) 136 Spenser..declared that the language of Chaucer was the purest English. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. x. 67 Who at first declared four guides to be necessary.
b. Used as a mere asseveration.
1811L. M. Hawkins C'tess & Gertr. i. 8, I declare to goodness. 1839C. Sinclair Holiday House xv. 300, I declare poor Frisk is going to be sick! 1849Longfellow Kavanagh Prose Wks. 1886 II. xxix. 408 Well, I declare! If it is not Mr. Kavanagh! 1889Earl of Desart Lit. Chatelaine II. xxiii. 107, I declare, I long to see your niece.
7. to declare oneself:
a. to avow or proclaim one's opinions, leanings, or intentions;
b. to make known or reveal one's true character, identity, or existence; also fig. of things.
c1529Wolsey in Ellis Orig. Lett. i. II. 5 So declaryng your sylf therin that the world may perceive [etc.]. a1626Bacon (J.), In Cæsar's army somewhat the soldiers would have had, yet they would not declare themselves in it, but only demanded a discharge. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 237 As Thistles wear the softest Down, To hide their Prickles till they're grown; And then declare themselves and tear Whatever ventures to come near. a1719Addison (J.), We are a considerable body, who, upon a proper occasion, would not fail to declare ourselves. 1883Standard 7 Sept. 4/6 A politician who could hardly declare himself with frankness without..alienating one or other of the sections of which his Party was composed. 1884Weekly Times 7 Nov. 2/4 Wherever a spark fell..a little fire promptly declared itself.
c. with for or against, etc. Cf. 8.
1631Beaulieu Let. in Crt. & Times Chas. I (1848) II. 155 The circle of the Lower Saxony have now declared themselves for him. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. Introd. p. vi, I..now declared myself on the side of those that were Out-voted. 1840Thirlwall Greece VII. 303 Alexander..declared himself for Cassander. 1867Smiles Huguenots Eng. ix. 144 Protestant children were invited to declare themselves against the religion of their parents.
d. refl. To declare one's love for another person; to propose marriage. Cf. declaration 3 b.
1840Dickens Old C. Shop viii, A concerted plot..having for its object the inducing Mr. Swiveller to declare himself in time. 1879Trollope Eye for Eye II. ii. 29 You should have thought of that before you declared yourself to her, Mr. Neville. 1907M. E. Braddon Dead Love has Chains ii. 40 People were beginning to say ill-natured things about us; and he must either declare himself, or must go away. 1965C. D. Broad in G. Cummins Swan on Black Sea p. xviii, This was his love for Catherine Mary Lyttelton; her tragic death..before he had declared himself.
8. a. intr. (for refl.) to declare for (declare in favour of), or declare against: to make known or avow one's sympathy, opinion, or resolution to act, for or against.
16..Jer. Taylor (J.), The internal faculties of will and understanding, decreeing and declaring against them. 1659B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 216 Poyer, and Powell, formerly for the Parliament..declared against them. 1706Hearne Collect. 3 Apr., A Man..for siding with both Parties{ddd}and not declaring..for either. 1754Chatham Lett. Nephew iv. 23 The adhering..to false and dangerous notions, only because one has declared for them. 1823Lamb Elia Ser. ii. Poor Rel., He declareth against fish. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 642 Wexford had declared for King William. 1881Henty Cornet of Horse xvii. 175 Rupert naturally declared at once for the journey to Paris.
†b. to declare for: to declare oneself a candidate for; to make a bid for. Obs.
1666Pepys Diary (1879) VI. 44 To discourse of the further quantity of victuals fit to be declared for. 1701W. Wotton Hist. Rome 385 These Fancy's led one Severus..to declare for the Empire. 1769Goldsm. Hist. Rome (1786) II. 456 Those who at first instigated him to declare for the throne.
9. to declare off: to state formally that one is ‘off’ with a bargain or undertaking; to break off an engagement, practice, etc.; to withdraw, back out. colloq. (Rarely trans.)
1749Fielding Tom Jones xv. ix, Propose marriage..and she will declare off in a moment. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xiii, No, I declare off; I'll fight no more. 1791Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life & Writ. (1832) III. 19, I contrived to get clear by declaring off from being a candidate. 1812Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 188 Many declared off their bets. 1876Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. viii. lxiv. 573 When it came to the point, Mr. Haynes declared off, and there has been no one to take it since.
10. Law.
a. intr. To make a declaration or statement of claim as plaintiff in an action. Also with that.
1512Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 20 §2 If..eny of theym be non⁓sute in any of the said Appelis after they have appered and declared in the same. a1626Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law iii. (1636) 20 Her demand is of a moity, and shee declares upon the custome of the Realme. 1642Perkins Prof. Bk. ii. §151 If an action of debt be brought by administrators and they declare that [etc.]. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. 113 The party applying for the prohibition is directed by the court to declare in prohibition.
b. trans. To make a formal statement constituting or acknowledging (a trust or use).
1677Act 29 Chas. II, c. 3 §7 That all declarations or creations of trusts or confidences..shall be..proved by some writing, signed by the party who is by law enabled to declare such trust. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. 363 If these deeds are made previous to the fine or recovery, they are called deeds to lead the uses; if subsequent, deeds to declare them. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 392 Where the trusts and limitations were expressly declared.
c. To make a full and proper statement of or as to (goods liable to duty); to name (such and such dutiable goods) as being in one's posession. trans. and intr.
1714Fr. Bk. of Rates 158 Without declaring and reporting thereof, and paying the Duties and Customs which they are so subject to. 1762Univ. Mag. Feb. 99 All merchants who shall have in their possession any cod, or other fish..shall..declare the same and deliver an account thereof. 1872Howells Wedd. Journ. 279 ‘Perhaps we'd better declare some of these things’..‘I won't declare a thread!’ Mod. (Revenue Officer) ‘Have you anything to declare?’
11. a. In the game of bezique: To announce (a particular score) by laying down the cards which yield the score; to lay the cards face up on the table for this purpose. trans. or absol.
1870Mod. Hoyle 147 (Besique) The winner of the trick now declares, if he has anything to declare.
b. trans. and intr. Cricket. To close an innings before the usual ten wickets have fallen; orig. ‘to declare the innings at an end’.
1889Cricketer's Guide 7 On the last day of a double-innings match, or in a one-day match, the batting side may, at any time, declare their innings at an end. 1897Encycl. Sport I. 245/2 Declare, to close an innings. 1901Daily News 5 June 4/4 Warwickshire made 532 for four wickets, and then declared. 1955Times 15 July 3/3 Barnett showed that he is still worth a few runs before Insole declared.
c. trans. and intr. In the game of Bridge, to name the trump suit, or to announce the intention to play ‘no trumps’; in auction or contract bridge, to announce the number of tricks that one intends to make.
1895‘Boaz’ Laws of Bridge 10 The dealer, having examined his hand, has the option of declaring what suit shall be trumps, or whether the hand shall be played without trumps. 1899‘J. Doe’ Bridge Conventions iii. 21 Before declaring ask yourself the question, Have we a better chance of making 30 than of losing 18? 1899A. Dunn Bridge 27 The dealer should declare trumps ‘on the top’ of his cards. 1910[see bid v. 3 c].
†12. trans. To clear (a person) of a charge or imputation. Obs.
1460Paston Lett. No. 347 I. 508 [We were] mistrusted to our grete vilanye and rebuke, wheche muste be answerd the causes why, and we declared. 1463–4Plumpton Corr. p. lxx, Our welbeloved William Plompton Kt. hath truly, sufficiently, & clearly declared himself of all manner matters that have been said or surmised against him, & so we hold him thereof for fully excused & declared.
13. Racing. To announce the withdrawal of (a horse) from a race for which it has been entered; said also intr. of the horse.
1847Weekly Times 9 Oct., Stakes of 10 sovs each, 5 f[orfei]t, and only 3 if declared. 1897Westm. Gaz. 5 Feb. 9/2 Two Grand National winners have just declared. |