| 释义 |
▪ I. † shend, n. Obs. rare.
[f. shend v. Cf. shond.]
Disgrace, ruin.
c1400Laud Troy Bk. 7304 We ligge here in stormes and schende. a1450Le Morte Arth. 1664 The squyer than was done to shende. c1450Lovelich Merlin 284 For jlle werk bryngeth a man to evele ende And jn to synne & synneres schende.
▪ II. shend, v.1 Now dial. and arch.|ʃɛnd|
Pa. tense and pple. shent |ʃɛnt|. Forms: 1 (ᵹe-) scendan, (ᵹesciendan, -scyndan), 2 sceandan, 3 scanden, scenden, sceind, schiende, s(s)ende, (Ormin) shennd, 3–5 schend, 3–7 shende, 4 shind, shynde, scheend, scheind, 4–5 schind, schynde, sheende, 4– 6 Sc. schent, 5 sheynd, (schente, 6–7 shent), 2– shend; 3 pers. sing. pres. ind. 1 (ᵹe-) scent, (sciend, ᵹesciend, -scind, seynt), 3–4 schent, 4 shent; pa. tense 1, 3 (ᵹe-) scent, scende, ssende, 3–4 schende, 3–5 schente, 3–6 schent, 4 shende, shente, 5 shend, 4–6, 9 shent; 3 (Ormin) shendedd; pa. pple. 1 ᵹe-scend, -scynd, (-sciend), 3 schent, scent, (Ormin) shennd, y-scend, (y-)ssent, 3–5 schente, y-schend, -ssend, 3–7 schent, 4 scheint, (chent), 4–5 y-schent, (-chend), (y-)schende, 5 y-shent(e, (e-chent), schend, scheent, 5–6 shend, 5–7 shente, 3– shent; 1 ᵹescended, (-sci(e)nded), 5 shendit, 9 shended.
[OE. scęndan (also ᵹescęndan), corresp. to OLow Frankish scendian (MDu., mod.Du. schenden), MLG., LG. schenden, OHG. scentan (MHG., mod.G. schänden):—OTeut. type *skandjan, f. *skando-: see shond n.
After the 15th c. the word occurs in literary use almost exclusively in the pa. pple. shent, and even this form seems already to have been felt as archaic in the latter part of the 16th c. After the pres. stem had become rare, some writers occas. used shent as a present.]
1. trans. To put to shame or confusion; to confound, disgrace.
c825Vesp. Ps. cxviii. 31 Nyl mec ᵹescendan [Vulg. noli me confundere]. a1050Lamb. Ps. xxiv. 3 Ealle þa..anbidiaþ þe ne beon ᵹescynde. c1205Lay. 3090 For nauer ich ne wende Þæt þu me woldes þus scanden [1275 sende]. c1275XI Pains of Hell 362 in O.E. Misc. 222 Lest ȝe be chamyd and schend. a1300Cursor M. 16690 ‘Ihesus nazaren, o Iuus King’, þar-on þai wrate,..al for to scend [13.. (Gött.) schind] his state. c1320Sir Tristr. 3289 Þe wraiers þat weren in halle, Schamly were þai schende. 1426Audelay Poems 27 Ellys with chenchip and with chame thai wyll be e-chent. 1436Libel Eng. Policy in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 183 To shende the olde Englisshe fames. c1570Satir. Poems Reform. xiv. 21 Than, Father slaine, Mother was schent. c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. cxxix. iii, Terror shall your mindes amate, Blush and shame your faces shend. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. vi. 35 Debatefull strife, and cruell enmitie, The famous name of knighthood fowly shend. 1641J. Trappe Theol. Theol. v. 198 This serves deepely to shent and shame us for our first brutish ignorance. 1818Keats Endym. iv. 599 He'll be shent..When he shall hear the wedding lutes a playing.
†b. To put to shame by superiority. Obs.
1596Spenser Prothal. 121 These twaine, that did excell The rest, so far, as Cynthia doth shend The lesser starres.
2. To blame, reproach, reprove; to revile, scold. In later use the passive often = to suffer for one's deeds, be punished (cf. sense 3).
c897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xxxi. 207 Ðone scamleasan mon mæᵹ ðy bet ᵹebetan ðe hine mon suiður ðreað & sciend [Cotton MS. scent]. c1200Ormin 1992 Þatt ȝho na were shamedd her, Ne shennd off unnclænnesse. c1230Hali Meid. (Bodley) 454 Chit te & cheoweð þe, & scheomeliche schent te. c1290Beket 975 in S. Eng. Leg. 134 ‘Louerdinges’, he seide, ‘here ȝe i-seoz hov þis man me schent’. c1394P. Pl. Crede 9 Whan y schal schewen myn schrift schent mote y worþen. c1430Hymns Virg. (1867) 104 Goddis name in ydil take þou not, For if þou do þou schalt be scheent. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode i. cxxxi. (1869) 69, I mihte not endure hem longe swiche withoute sheendinge myself. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cclxxviii. 416 Sir Robert Canoll gate in the..voyage..aboue the somme of a hundred thousande frankes, wherof afterwarde he was shente. 1543in Strype Cranmer (1694) App. 66 The Councel said..that the Justices of every shire should be shent, that such things should be. 1548Udall Erasm. Par. Luke xxii. 35–38 Seyng that Peter was shent because that he drewe his sweorde. 1568Jacob & Esau ii. iii, I must in againe, lest perhaps I be shent, For I asked no body licence, when I went. 1600Markham Tears of Beloved (Grosart) 61 This monstrous sinne, for which I thus am shent. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. iv. ii. 112 Alas sir be patient. What say you sir, I am shent for speaking to you. a1661Fuller Worthies, Camb. (1662) i. 153 Yet was his Loyalty shent, but not sham'd. 1700Dryden Cock & Fox 110 Much I fear my Body will be shent. 1742Shenstone Schoolmistr. (Imit. Spenser) 18 They..For unkempt hair, or task unconn'd, are sorely shent. 1855Browning Master Hugues x, Masters being lauded and sciolists shent.
Proverb.13..Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 683/12 Hos seiþ þe soþe, he schal be schent. a1400in Songs & Poems Costume (Percy Soc.) 44 Who seyt trowthe is shent. 1493Festivall (W. de W. 1515) 26 Soo he that wyll saye the trouthe he shall be shente.
3. To destroy, ruin, bring to destruction. Also, in milder sense, to injure, damage, spoil.
a900Cynewulf Christ 1548 Se deopa seað..mid wita fela..folcum scendeð. c1175Lamb. Hom. 39 Her is ane reowlic bone to biddene bute we inwarliche imilcien and forᵹeuen þan monne þe us wreðeð and sceandet. c1205Lay. 25692 Þe scaðe..þa scendeþ [1275 sendes] þas leode. c1300Harrow. Hell (Harl. MS.) 130 Þou shalt neuer out wende monkunne forte shende. c1330Arth. & Merl. 450 Mani hauberk was torent & mani þurch þe bodi schent. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. Prol. 95 To ben Clerkes of þe kynges Benche þe Cuntre to schende. c1380Sir Ferumb. 523 Þe Sarasyn sayd til him þanne ‘Þyn heȝ herte wil þee schynde’. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 347 His navey was nyh [al] adreynt, and his oost i-schend wiþ colde and wiþ honger [L. fame et frigore contabuit]. Ibid. VIII. 181 [In a hail-storm] men were i-schent [contriti], and foules were i-seie flee in þe ayre. c1440Gesta Rom. xxxi. 120 (Harl. MS.) The Oynement, that shendithe the tethe of þe lioune, is almis-dede. 1470–85Malory Arthur x. xii. 432 They wold not for no good that sire Dagonet were shente, for Kyng Arthur loued hym passynge wel. c1500Flower & Leaf 360 The knightes swelt, for lack of shade ny shent. 1549–62Sternhold & H. Ps. lxxiii. 5 And free from all aduersitie, when other men be shent. 1600Fairfax Tasso vi. iv, But we must yeeld, whom hunger soone will shend. 1633Hart Diet of Diseased ii. v. 163 If Physitians should now imitate the Hippocraticall course of dieting, they should be utterly shent. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. ii. 621 Tho' shent their Leaves, and shatter'd are their Arms; Yet Heav'n their various Plants for use designs. 1812Byron Ch. Har. i. xvii, No personage of high or mean degree Doth care for cleanness of surtout or shirt; Though shent with Egypt's plague. 1906Doyle Sir Nigel v. 52 My papers have been shended and rended and cast to the wind.
absol.a1568Bannatyne MS. (Hunter. Club) 648 Quhithir scho schent or scho saif, I am hir serwand.
†b. To disfigure, spoil; to corrupt, infect; to defile, soil. Obs.
a950Durham Ritual (Surtees) 121/40 Giþyll scendende aura corrumpens. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1725) 204 Rise & go þi ways, For þou has wette þi breke, schent is þi hernays. 1340Ayenb. 148 Vor þe leme uorroted ssolde ssende þe hole. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. 854 Who so toucheth warm pych it shent hise fyngres. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 15 Heraclius deide in þe dropesie, and was i-schend [L. depravatus] with þat heresy of þe Iacobytes. c1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 25 She had her nose croked, the whiche shent and dysfigured her uisage. 1530Palsgr. 717/2 Syt hence, or you shall shende your clothes. 1876Blackie Songs of Relig. 145 So with gore they shent His silvery locks.
c. In pa. pple.: Overcome with fatigue; bewildered, stupefied.
c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. civ. 105 He cryed after him and sayde, ‘abide me, I am negh shent of goynge.’ 1828Carlyle Goethe's Helena Misc. 1840 I. 229 Boots not; for amaze hath shent me. 1905Outlook 11 Feb. 194/2, I stood utterly shent and powerless.
†4. To discomfit (in battle or dispute). Obs.
In ME. confession was often said to ‘shend’ the devil.
c893ælfred Oros. ii. x. §1 Xersis wæs þa æt twam cirrum on ðæm londe swa ᵹescend [bis victus in terra]. a1175Lamb. Hom. 21 Þu scalt gan to scrifte and pinian þine licome þe hit þe makeð don, and scenden þene deofel. a1225Ancr. R. 298 Schrift schent þene deouel & hackeð of his heaued, & to-dreaueð his ferde. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 4666 Hengist þoru wan þis lond verst was yssent. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxii. (Justin) 241, & þan ware þai fullely schent, & fore rednes fra hyre went. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 652 Tyl at the laste..Antonye is schent & put hym to the flyght. c1480Henryson Mor. Fab. ix. 2191 The foxe, quhen that he saw the wolf was schent, Said to him selff, ‘thir hering salbe myne.’ 1643Wither Campo-Musæ 5 He that armes himselfe to this intent Shall ne're be shamed, though he may be shent. 1829Southey All for Love ix. xxiii, The Deed is null,..A wicked instrument,..Not to be pleaded in the Courts... Sir Fiend, thy cause is shent!
†5. intr. = ‘to be shent’. Obs.
a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 1400 And ful of grene leues sytte That sonne myght there none discende Lest the tender grasses shende. c1425Cast. Persev. 283 in Macro Plays 85 For schame I stonde & schende. c1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xxxiii. 11 Quhen body, honor, and substance schentis, And saule in perrell.
†6. In the Destruction of Troy the phrase to shend of is app. equivalent to the transitive uses, to dishonour, to destroy, injure. Obs.
c1400Destr. Troy 2544 For to shunt vs of shame, shend of our foos. Ibid. 5249 He shot thurgh the sheltrons & shent of hor knightes. Ibid. 13699 Þen Orestes..schamyt with þe schalke, that schent of his wife, And so dernely hym did dere & dispit.
▪ III. † shend, v.2 Obs.
[App. a corruption of shield v., arising from confusion with prec. or association with fend v. or defend v.]
trans. To shield, defend. Also absol., God shend = ‘God shield’.
1530Palsgr. 717/2, I shall shende hym agaynst all men so longe as I lyve. Ibid., I shende, I forbyd. This verbe they use onely in the potenciall,..‘Saye you so Marye God shende’. 1549–62Sternhold & H. Ps. cxix. 76 So from all ill me shend. a1597Peele David & Bethsabe (1599) D iij b, Let Dauids Harpe..sing his praise that shendeth Dauids fame. 1598Bp. Hall Sat. v. iii. 73 Vpreare A brazen wall to shend thy land from feare. 1602R. T. Five Godlie Serm. 23 To defend and shend them against all adversaries whatsoeuer. 1614W. Browne Sheph. Pipe i. B 2 b, These my harmlesse flocke of sheepe. And through all the day I tend them, And from Wolues & Foxes shend them. 1625Lisle Du Bartas 132 Thou op'nest wide thy lap to shend thy sonne from harm. |