| 释义 |
chernozem Geol.|ˈtʃɜːnəʊzɛm, tʃɜːnəʊˈzjɒm|
Also chernosem, tchern-, tchorn-, tschern-.
[a. Russ. chernozëm black earth, f. chërnȳĭ black + zemlyá earth, soil.]
Black earth or soil (see black a. 19), a type of soil, rich in humus, characteristic of natural grassland in cool to temperate semi-arid climates, as in central and southern Russia, central Canada, etc.
1842[see black earth s.v. black a. 19]. 1859Page Handbk. Geol. Terms, Tchornozem, a local name for the black earth of the south of Russia, which covers the whole of the Aralo-Caspian plain. 1863J. von Liebig Nat. Laws Husb. v. 221 The extensive tract of land in Russia, known as the Tschernosem or ‘Black soil’, whose fertility for corn plants is proverbial. 1914G. A. J. Cole Growth of Europe xi. 207 The Black Earth district of central Russia, where the famous tchernozem soil prevails. 1934Discovery July 201/1 Chernozems (Black Soils). These are always associated with a grass steppe vegetation, never with forest. 1965A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. (ed. 2) xiv. 406 The upper layer of the soil profile is black, becoming brown in depth where there is less humus. For this reason the soil type is called chernosem.
Add: Hence chernoˈzemic a., constituting or characteristic of a chernozem.
1965B. T. Bunting Geogr. Soil xiii. 157 Invasions of populus on to chernozemic soils in Canada have caused degradation to gray wooded soils. 1972J. G. Cruickshank Soil Geogr. v. 158 In Glinka's later work..he recognised five major pedogenic processes (lateritic, podsolic, chernozemic, solonetzic, and swampy) on which he based his soil classification. |