| 释义 |
quantitative, a. and n.|ˈkwɒntɪtətɪv|
[ad. med.L. quantitātīvus: see quantity and -ive. Cf. F. quantitatif (1586 in Godef. Compl.).]
A. adj.
1. Possessing quantity, magnitude, or spatial extent. Now rare.
1581Marbeck Bk. of Notes 40 [Angels occupy] no bodilie place, no severall nor quantitative place. 1634Jackson Creed vii. xxvi. §5 The world in the original doth not signify this visible or quantitative world. 1697J. Sergeant Solid Philos. 22 The Body, only which (and not the Soul) is Quantitative. 1847Lewes Hist. Philos. (1867) II. 481 The fact that we discover quantitative space and time.
2. That is, or may be, considered with respect to the quantity or quantities involved; estimated or estimable by quantity.
1656Artif. Handsom. 44 This Quantitative Adultery, which..makes far more grosse alterations, & substantiall changes of nature. 1661Glanvill Van. Dogm. 221 The colour of mens eyes is various, nor is there less diversity in their quantitative proportions. 1842Grove Corr. Phys. For. (ed. 6) 142 An invariable quantitative relation to each other. 1858J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 160 Not as its quantitative equal..but as a moral equivalent. 1879Farrar St. Paul (1883) 43 The enormous error that man..can win by quantitative goodness his entrance into the Kingdom of God.
3. a. Relating to, concerned with, quantity or its measurement; ascertaining or expressing quantity.
1668Wilkins Real Char. iii. vii. 325 Relative and Quantitative Pronouns. 1830Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. 123 It is a character of all the higher laws of nature to assume the form of precise quantitative statement. 1882Farrar Early Chr. I. 125 The quantitative conceptions of Jewish formalism.
b. Chem. quantitative analysis, measurement of the amounts of constituents present in a substance. Cf. qualitative analysis.
1849D. Campbell Inorg. Chem. Pref. 4 Tables for assisting in the calculations of quantitative analysis. 1913Cumming & Kay Quantitative Chem. Analysis 109 One of the most difficult problems met with in quantitative analysis is the selection of good methods of separation. 1961D. & B. A. Ambrose Gas Chromatogr. x. 161 With the integral detectors described..quantitative analysis is simple: the detector response is directly proportional to the mass of material, and the step height permits the analysis to be calculated in accordance with the property being determined (e.g. titre or volume).
4. Pertaining to, based on, vowel-quantity.
1799Monthly Rev. XXIX. 49 The quantitative accent, as it may be called, follows the analogy of the Latin. 1871Lowell Study Wind. (1886) 241 The best quantitative verses in our language are to be found in Mother Goose. 1933C. D. Buck Compar. Gram. Greek & Latin 93 Long vowels are shortened before other vowels in various dialects... When the second vowel is short it may be lengthened, resulting in what is known as ‘quantitative metathesis’... Homer often shows the older forms.., but also in many cases the shortening and quantitative metathesis. 1973A. H. Sommerstein Sound Pattern Anc. Greek ii. 69 Quantitative Metathesis. The need for this rule arises chiefly from the vocalism and accentuation of certain third-declension genitive case forms. 1978Language LIV. 441 Thus the order of the rules required by this analysis is Pre-German Accentuation followed by Quantitative Ablaut followed by Germanic Accentuation.
5. Chem. Of a procedure or a reaction: acting on the whole quantity of a particular substance or species; having an efficiency or a yield of 100 per cent. Hence also used of the yield or product of such a process.
1905Proc. R. Soc. A. LXXVI. 116 Its [sc. a possible new element] quantitative extraction from thorium salts has not yet been investigated. 1907Chem. Abstr. I. 1539 The yield is almost quantitative and the product very pure. 1923[see qualitative a. b]. 1930W. T. Hall Textbk. Quantitative Analysis xi. 140 For practical purposes, a reaction is complete or quantitative, as we often say, when less than 0·1 mg. remains in solution. 1962Cotton & Wilkinson Adv. Inorg. Chem. x. 194 Diborane..is obtained in essentially quantitative yields by reaction of metal hydrides with boron trifluoride. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xi. 204 On careful combustion there remains a quantitative residue of metallic silver.
B. n.
†a. A sign that indicates quantity. Obs.
b. That which possesses or involves quantity.
1668Wilkins Real Char. iii. ii. 305 Of all which [pronouns] it is to be observed, that they are in some kind or other, Quantitatives. 1846Sabine tr. Humboldt's Cosmos (1847) I. 179 An effort..to investigate the quantitative in the laws of one of the great phænomena of nature.
c. = quantifier 1 b.
1924H. E. Palmer Gram. Spoken Eng. 45 Quantitatives and Numericals (mʌtʃ), (meni), (faiv).., etc. |