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Charles's Wain
Forms: 1 carles-wǽn, 4 Cherlemaynes-wayne, 5 Charlmons wayn, carle wensterre, carwaynesterre, Charelwayn, Charlewayn, 6 Charle wane, 6–7 Charles wayne or waine, 7 Charles or Carol's wain(e, Charlemagne or Charles his wane, wain(e, Charle-waine, Charlmaigne Wain, 7– Charles's Wain.
[OE. Carles wæᵹn the wain (ἄµαξα, plaustrum) of Carl (Charles the Great, Charlemagne). The name appears to arise out of the verbal association of the star-name Arcturus with Arturus or Arthur, and the legendary association of Arthur and Charlemagne; so that what was originally the wain of Arcturus or Boötes (‘Boötes' golden wain’ Pope), became at length the wain of Carl or Charlemagne. (The guess churl's or carle's wain has been made in ignorance of the history.)]
The asterism comprising the seven bright stars in Ursa Major; known also as The Plough.
As the name Arcturus was formerly sometimes applied loosely to the constellation Boötes and incorrectly to the Great Bear, the name Carlewayne-sterre occurs applied to the star Arcturus.
a1000Ags. Man. Astron. in Wright Pop. Treat. Sc. 16 Arhcton hatte an tungol on norð dæle, se hæfð seofon steorran and is ᵹe-haten septemtrio, þone hatað læwede menn Carleswæn. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. viii. xxxv, Arcturus is comynly clepid in Englis Cherlemaynes wayne. 1468Medulla Gram. in Cath. Angl. 59 Artophilaxe, the carle wensterre. Arturus, quoddam signum celeste: anglice, a carwaynesterre. 1483Cath. Angl. 59 Charelwayn [v.r. Charlewayn], arthurus plaustrum. a1491J. Rous Hist. Regum Angl. (1716) 30 Ursæ majoris, vulgariter dictæ Charlmons wayn. 1513Douglas æneis viii. Prol. 151 The son, the sevin sternis, and the Charll wane, The elwand, the elementis, and Arthuris hufe. 1593T. Fale Dialling 56 The greater Beare called also Charles Waine, and of country men, the plough. 1600Tourneur Transf. Met. ii, Now are they mounted into Carols waine. 1606Holland Sueton. 74 The starres of the celestial beare [marg. note, Charlemaine his waine]. a1626Davies Poems (Grosart) II. 237 (A. S. Palmer) Those bright starres..Which English Shepheards, Charles his waine, do name; But more this Ile is Charles, his waine, Since Charles her royall wagoner became. 1630J. Taylor (Water-P.) Wks. (N.) Charles his Cart (which we by custome call Charles his wane) is most gloriously stellifide. 1652Urquhart Jewel Wks. (1834) 248 He had fixed them in their stations after the fashion of a Charlewaine. 1654R. Vilvain Epit. Ess. iii. 74 Sevn Stars..Which are by vulgar Charlmaigne Wain named. 1832Tennyson New-Year's Eve 12 Till Charles's Wain came out above the tall white chimney-tops. 1876J. F. Blake Astron. Myths 59 (A. S. Palmer) In England it goes by the name of ‘King Charles' Wain’. |