| 释义 |
▪ I. blockade, n.|blɒˈkeɪd|
[f. block v., on the pattern of words in -ade from Fr. The Fr. equivalent blocus dates to 16th c. Blockade n. must have been used before 1684, when the vb. appears.]
1. a. The shutting up of a place, blocking of a harbour, line of coast, frontier, etc., by hostile forces or ships, so as to stop ingress and egress, and prevent the entrance of provisions and ammunition, in order to compel a surrender from hunger or want, without a regular attack. paper blockade: one that is declared by a belligerent party to exist, but is not effective.
1693Mem. Ct. Teckely iii. 55 This Blockade was turn'd into a formal Siege in the beginning of March. 1775R. Montgomery in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) I. 485 Were a blockade alone to be the measure adopted. 1836Macgillivray tr. Humboldt's Trav. iii. 42 On account of the blockade by the English. 1863Ld. Russell Let. Mr. Mason (Bernard 293) The Declaration of Paris was in truth directed against what were once termed ‘paper blockades’, that is, blockades not sustained by any actual force, or sustained by a notoriously inadequate naval force. 1880W. E. Hall Internat. Law (1884) 339 What is called pacific blockade has been used as a means of constraint short of war. 1885Times 20 Feb. 5/1 The coast is really only patrolled at intervals. The use of the word ‘blockade’ is, therefore, an abuse of the term.
b. to raise a blockade: to withdraw the investing forces, or to compel them to withdraw. to break a blockade: to enter a blockaded port by force. to run a blockade: to enter or leave a blockaded port by eluding the blockading force, esp. for the purpose of conveying supplies, or carrying on trade.
1810Wellington in Gurw. Disp. VI. 349 To induce him to raise the blockade of La Puebla. 1869Overland Monthly 47 (title) How we ran the blockade.
2. transf. A blockading force; a party of blockade-men.
1882C. Fleet Glimpses Ancestors Ser. i. 84 The chief boat⁓man of the Blockade was killed.
3. a. transf. and fig. spec. in U.S., a stoppage or block on a railway by snow or some accident.
1742Pope Dunciad iv. 191 Broad hats and hoods, and caps, a sable shoal; Thick and more thick the black blockade extends. 1833Macaulay Walpole's Lett., Ess. (1854) I. 269 The blockades laid by the Duke of A. to the hearts of the Marquise de B. and the Comtesse de C. 1835T. Hook G. Gurney I. iii. (L.) This was a blockade which even the ingenuity of the wit could not evade. 1856N.Y. Herald 8 Jan. 1/4 The railroads are being slowly relieved from the blockade of snow. 1873J. H. Beadle Undevel. West xix. 350 With the snow sheds since constructed, and other precautions, we may reasonably expect no more blockades. 1881Chicago Times 12 Mar., The snow blockade told more severely in the produce trade. 1881Ibid. 16 Apr. [A railway accident] causing a blockade of the road for several hours. 1910N.Y. Even. Post 13 Dec. 3 When a drawbar on the middle car of a third Avenue elevated train broke..a long blockade began.
b. A barrier on a river. U.S.
1871Game Laws (N.C.) in Fur, Fin & Feather (1872) 153 It shall not be lawful for any person to draw a seine..between the blockade near Hill's Point..and the falls at Wm. S. Battle's factory.
4. attrib. and Comb., as blockade force; blockade-man, a member of the force employed to prevent smuggling; a coastguardsman; blockade-run, -running, the action of running a blockade; blockade-runner, a vessel which runs or attempts to run into a blockaded port; the owner, master, or one of the crew of such a vessel. (These words obtained special notoriety during the American War of Secession, when many British ships were engaged in running the blockade of Richmond and other southern ports.)
1882C. Fleet Glimpses Ancestors Ser. i. 83 A *Blockade force of 40 men.
Ibid. 82 Constant conflicts between the *blockade-men and the smugglers.
1836Dickens Sk. Boz (1850) 214 Blockade-man after blockade-man had passed the spot, wending his way towards his solitary post.
1863St. James's Mag. VIII. 346 My first and last *blockade run.
1863Rep. Secr. of Navy (U.S.) p. v, Not a single *blockade-runner has succeeded in reaching the city [of Charleston] for months. 1878N. Amer. Rev. CXXVII. 381 The English blockade-runners passed through the American blockading squadron. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 371/2 Steel was..used extensively in ‘blockade-runners’ built during the American civil war.
1864Rep. Secr. of Navy (U.S.) p. xvii, This species of illicit traffic and *blockade running.
▪ II. bloˈckade, v.
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans. To subject to a blockade as an incident of war; to beset by a hostile force, so as to prevent ingress or egress.
c1680in Somers Tracts I. 471 Those who were set to blockade the Castle. 1684Scanderbeg Rediv. v. 95 To quarter round about Caminiec, and strictly Blockade that place. 1781T. Jefferson Corr. Wks. 1859 I. 299 The enemy are..blockaded by land. 1836Macgillivray tr. Humboldt's Trav. xx. 294 The port was..strictly blockaded. 1880McCarthy Own Time III. xliii. 289 A state cannot blockade its own ports.
2. transf. and fig. To block up, obstruct. spec. in U.S., to block (a road or railway, etc.). Cf. blockade n. 3.
1732Pope Ep. Bathurst 57 Huge bales of British cloth blockade the door. 1814Scott Wav. xxxvii, All precautions to blockade his view were..abandoned. 1816Niles' Reg. X. 216/2 In consequence of the vast body of ice with which it [sc. the harbour] is yet blockaded, they were unable to get in. 1846Prescott Ferd. & Is. II. xix. 185 Every avenue to the hall was blockaded. 1872Rep. Vermont Board Agric. I. 24 An exceedingly severe snow storm..completely blockaded many of the roads. |