| 释义 |
chapman|ˈtʃæpmən|
Forms: α. 1 céap-, cepe-, cyp-, cypemann, 2–3 chepmon, 3 cæpmon, 3–4 chepman; β. 3 chapmon, 3– chapman, (Orm. chappmann, 6 shapman).
[OE. céapmann = OHG. choufman, (OHG., MHG. koufman), Ger. kaufmann, MDu., Du. koopman, WGer. type *kaupmann; f. kaup, OHG. chouph, OS. côp, OE. céap barter, business, dealing + mann man. OE. had also the by-forms cýp-, cýpe-, cépemann founded on the vb. cíępan, cýpan, cípan to sell (:—WGer. *kaupjan); see cheap v. The normal ME. repr. of OE. céapmann was chepman (with vowel shortened by position); but sometimes, in OE. ea, eo, e blended with a preceding palatal, leaving a or o as the vowel, hence the surviving form chapman.]
1. A man whose business is buying and selling; a merchant, trader, dealer. Obs. or arch.
αc890K. ælfred Bæda ii. i. (Bosw.) Cypemen moniᵹ cepeþing to ceapstowe brohte. a1000Law Ine §25 in Thorpe Laws I. 118 (Bosw.) Ȝif ceapman uppe on folce ceapie, do þæt beforan ᵹewitnessum. c1205Lay. 13313 Her beoð chæpmen [c 1275 chepmen] icumen. Ibid. 30681 Swulc he weore a chepmon. a1300Cursor M. 4186 Selle we him to ȝone chepmen. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 285 Þanne schipmen [v.r. chepmen] wolde have i-bouȝt his bisshopriche. a1400Usages Winchester in Eng. Gilds 357 Gadere þat ryȝte of chepmen.
βc1200Ormin 15783 Ut off Godes temmple he draf chappmenn. a1300Cursor M. 4239 Þir chapmen þat haue ioseph boght. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 247. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 69 Chapman, negociator, mercator. 1577Harrison England ii. v. (1877) i. 131 So should few honest chapmen be brought to decaie. 1642Rogers Naaman 247 It is not a meete thing that man should be both chapman and customer. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. 476 The calling of a chapman, who is one that buys and sells any thing. 1859Times 16 Apr. 9/4 Mr. Cobden..has made for us the best bargain..ever made by chapman. 1870Morris Earthly Par. II. iii. 278 Sometimes too would the foreign chapmen come, And beach their dromond in the sandy bay.
fig.1529Frith Antith. (1829) 301 The Pope and bishops suffer chapmen in the church, that minister the sacraments for money daily unto the common people.
†b. pl. People engaged in buying and selling; market people. Obs.
a1225Juliana 52 Heo leac him efter hire endelong þe cheping chepmenne huting [v.r. chapmen to huting]. 1393Gower Conf. I. 262 The chapmen of such mercerie..So many shulden beie and selle.
†c. petty chapman: A retail dealer; esp. = 2.
1553Act 5 & 6 Edw. VI, c. 21 No Tinker, Pedler, or petit Chapman shall wander about from the Towne..but such as shall be licenced by two Justices of Peace. 1605Camden Rem. 182 A King to buy and sell the bodies of men, as it were a petie-chapman. 1639Horn & Robotham Gate Lang. Unl. xlv. §491 Petty chapmen buy up commodities of those that sell by whole sale; and sell them off dearer by retaile, and parcell them out. 1745De Foe Eng. Tradesm. I. Introd. 1 Such as carry goods from market to market, or from house to house, to sell, we usually call petty chapmen. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey v. vi. 196 Before he was twenty he followed the army as a petty chapman.
2. An itinerant dealer who travels about from place to place selling or buying; one who keeps booths at markets, etc.; a hawker, pedlar.
1592H. Chettle Kind-Harts Dr. (1841) 17 Chapmen, able to spred more pamphlets..then all the bookesellers in London. 1627Donne Serm. clvii. Wks. 1839 VI. 262 Let..Travellers [look] after fair-days, and Chapmen after market-days. 1745De Foe Eng. Tradesm. II. xxxii. 58 The country chapman to whom the tradesman sends his goods. 1790Burns Tam o' Shanter 1 When chapman billies leave the street. 1806Gazetteer Scotl. 429 A general meeting of the travelling chapmen or pedlars of the three Lothians. 1831Dyce Life of Greene Wks. I. Introd. 47 Sold on ballad-mongers' stalls and hawked about the country by chapmen.
†3. An agent in a commercial transaction; a negotiator, broker. Obs.
1570Levins Manip. 20 A chapman, institor. 1654C. Lyttleton in Hatton Corr. (1878) 12 If she please I should find her a chapman..that may lay out her mony to y⊇ best advantage. 1659Hammond On Ps. lv. 22 annot. 285 A Syrian merchant..bidding his chapman weigh out his parcel.
†4. A purchaser; a customer. Obs. or dial.
a1225Ancr. R. 418 Ancre þet is cheapild, heo cheapeð hire soule þe chepmon of helle. 1393Gower Conf. II. 298 He is gone To seche..His stone to selle and so he dede And lefte it with his chapman there. 1539Will of T. Everard (Somerset Ho.) Yf none of my children will bye it I will my executours shall take ther beste chapman. 1614Raleigh Hist. World ii. 391. a 1674 Clarendon Hist. Reb. xiv. (1843) 810/1 His majesty therefore writ to prince Rupert..he should find some good chapmen to buy the ships. 1688Lond. Gaz. No. 2380/4 The Real Estate of the said Bankrupt will be sold to the best Chapman. 1745Swift Direct. Servants Wks. 1745 VIII. 8 Your father sent a cow to you to sell, and you could not find a chapman till nine at night. 1807Southey Espriella's Lett. (1814) III. 152 When they meet with a likely chapman, they produce other [prints] of the most obscene and mischievous kind.
5. dial. (See quot.)
1863Atkinson Yorksh. Gloss. N. Riding, Chapman, a distinctive name applied to horses of the Cleveland breed. |