| 释义 |
▪ I. † champ, n.1 Obs.
[a. F. champ in same senses:—L. camp-um field: cf. camp n.2]
†1. A field. champ clos, champ of battle: the ground set apart and enclosed for a judicial duel, single combat, or tourney; also, a battle-field.
c1300K. Alis. 5553 Kyng Alisaunder his armes nam..So dude kyng Porus, saunz faile, And comen hem to chaumpe bataile. 14..Circumcis. (Tundale's Vis. 96) In champ[c]los hardy as lyon. c1450Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 603 Planicies, anglice Playn et etiam in panno anglice dicitur Champe. 1475Caxton Jason 21 b, I offre myself allone ayenst viii the best knightes..for to fyght in Champe cloos. 1489― Faytes of A. iv. ix. 250 To befight hys enemye within a clos felde which men calle champ of bataylle. 1816Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 161 The Moors of Spain are one of the most extraordinary nations that ever appeared..on the face of nature, or in the champ clos of politics.
2. Her. The field of a shield.
c1320Sir Beues 973 Þe champe of gold ful wel i-diȝt Wiþ fif lables of seluer briȝt. 1430Lydg. Chron. Troy iii. xxii, His shielde..The champe of asure wrought full craftly.
3. Tapestry. The cloth which forms the ground on which the embroidery is worked.
a1450Acts of Christ, MS. Addit. 11307 f. 97 (Halliw.) The chaumpe it was of red camelyn. 1539in Inv. Roy. Wardr. (1815) 36 (Jam.) Ane coit of quhite dammes with the champ of gold. 1597Montgomerie Cherry & Sl. 334 In tirles dornik champ.
4. a. The ‘ground’ in painting. b. ‘The field or ground on which carving is raised’ (Oxf. Gloss. Arch.).
1573Art of Limming 8 If you wil make a black vesture, take and laye firste a champe of light blacke mingled [with] white Leade.
5. = camp n.2 14.
1673Ray Journ. Low C. (1738) II. 66 They..go to work in the streets, in the next Champ if any be near.
▪ II. champ, n.2|tʃæmp|
[f. champ v.]
1. a. The action of champing. b. dial. or slang. ‘Feeding’, appetite.
1604Friar Bacon's Proph. in Hazl. E.P.P. IV. 281 Lowre, and poute, and chafe, and champe, Brings all the household in a dampe. 1816Byron Siege Cor. xxii, White is the foam of their champ on the bit. 1843Lever J. Hinton li. (1878) 328 The very monotonous champ of my horse feeding beside me. 1877E. Peacock N.-W. Linc. Gloss. (E.D.S.) Champ, appetite. ‘You're off your champ to-day. What's matter wi' ye.’ 1885W. T. Hornady in Athenæum 5 Dec. 728/1 [The elephant] winds a soft juicy piece of it up to his mouth, and begins a measured ‘champ! champ! champ!’
2. dial. Anything champed or reduced to a pulp or soft mass; a trampled mire.
1825–79Jamieson, Champ, a mire; ‘that's a perfect champ’. 1880Antrim & Down Gloss., Champ, mashed potatoes.
▪ III. champ, n.3|tʃæmp|
[ad. Hindī and Bengali champa = champac.]
The timber of the Champac tree (Michelia champaca) in its varieties; also that of Magnolia (Michelia) excelsa. Also champ-wood.
1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 24 Magnolia excelsa has a valuable timber, called Champ. 1845Stocqueler Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 262 The productions are, oaks..champ, magnolia. 1884Miller Plant-n., Champ-wood, the timber of Michelia Champaca and M. excelsa.
▪ IV. champ, n.4 orig. U.S.|tʃæmp|
Colloq. abbrev. of champion n.1 4.
1868New Eng. Base-Ballist 6 Aug. 2/4 The ‘Champs’ enjoyed themselves in various ways during the morning. 1917C. Mathewson Sec. Base Sloan xix. 262 We were the champs three years running. a1935T. E. Lawrence Mint (1955) i. xxvi. 90 She's a boxer; a proper champ. 1936‘P. Quentin’ Puzzle for Fools iv. 26 Had the nerve to challenge me for a tumble..me, an ex-champ! 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Jan. 38/3 U.S. Open champ Gay Brewer..had a 75 at Spyglass in the first round.
▪ V. champ, a. dial.
Firm, hard.
1759B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. II. 124 There is a remarkable strait champ Foot road, or Roman way. [Martin was a Surrey man.] 1875Parish Sussex Gloss., Champ, firm, hard. ‘The river has a champ bottom.’
▪ VI. champ, v.|tʃæmp|
Also 6 chaump, 6–7 champe, 7 and 9 dial. chomp.
[c gray][Only since 16th c. Cham (chawm, chamb), champ, and the dial. chamble (Halliwell), appear all to belong to a primary chamb, app. closely connected or identical with jam (jamb), and jamble, to squeeze with violence, crush. The group is not distinctly traceable outside English: the Sw. dial. kämsa (tʃemsa[/c]) to chew with difficulty (Rietz in Skeat), Skr. jambha jaw, tooth, and Gr. γοµϕίος grinder, molar tooth, have been compared; but links are wanting. Possibly the group is an instance of recent onomatopœia: Wedgwood gives instances showing that cham(b), jam(b), are natural representations of the action or sound of the jaws in diverse and distant languages.
An ON. kampa ‘to devour, used of a whiskered animal’ (Vigf.) would not give Eng. champ; E. Müller's suggestion of derivation from F. champ field is devoid of basis.]
1. trans. To crush and chew by vigorous and noisy action of the jaws; to munch. Also with up.
1530Palsgr. 480/2, I champe a thing small bytwene my tethe, je masche. a1555Bradford Wks. (1848) 79 You are his birds..he will broach you and eat you, chaw you and champ you. 1626Bacon Sylva §738 Betel is but champed in the Mouth with a little Lime. 1638Featly Transubst. 129, I Berengarius doe beleeve the body of our Lord Jesus Christ to be sensually..broken and champt by the teeth of the faithfull. 1751Smollett Per. Pic. (1779) IV. xci. 92 That I might be a real ass, and champ thistles on some common. 1847Emerson Repr. Men, Montaigne Wks. (Bohn) I. 348 This ferocity which champs us up. 1864Tennyson Specimen tr. Iliad 21 Champing golden grain the horses stood.
fig.1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1684) III. 736 Although he did well understand Latin, yet should he understand few words thereof; the Priests do so champ them and chaw them. 1644Hume Hist. Douglas To Rdr. (Jam.) Clip not, nor champ not my words.
2. trans. To bite upon (anything hard); said especially of a horse which impatiently bites the bit in its mouth.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 115 There stamping standes the steed, and foomy bridell fierce he champes. 1621Quarles Esther (1638) 95 There stands a steed, and champs his frothy steele. 1797Godwin Enquirer i. xvi. 156 A well-mettled horse [will] champ the bit. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 205 The very horses champed their bits. 1838D. Jerrold Men of Char., Job Pippins ii, Sir Scipio—speechless and champing foam. 1855Singleton Virgil II. 448 Who..had fallen In death, and with his mouth once champed the earth.
3. intr. or absol. To make a biting and chewing action or movement with the jaws and teeth.
1558Phaër æneid iv. (R.) The palfrey..on the fomy bit of gold with teeth he champes. 1583Stanyhurst æneis iv. (Arb.) 99 On byt gingled he chaumpeth. 1613Hayward Norm. Kings 198 To swallow downe that morsel which had bene so unpleasant..to champe on. 1679Crowne Amb. Statesman iii. 35 He has nothing but his bit to champ on. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles i. xv, The war-horse..Champs, till both bit and boss are white. 1852Thackeray Esmond i. xiii, Horses..champing at the bit.
fig.1585Abp. Sandys Serm. (1841) 318 He that foolishly champeth upon those griefs, which wisdom would have be swallowed. c1645Howell Lett. (1650) I. 20 The citadel here..serves as a shrewd curb unto her [the town] which makes her chomp upon the bit.
†4. trans. To gnash (the teeth), close (the jaws) with violence and noise. Obs.
1775Adair Amer. Ind. 309 They [bears] gallop up a tree, champing their teeth. 1791E. Darwin Bot. Gard. i. 91 The famish'd brood Clenched their sharp claws, and champ'd their beaks for blood.
5. To make (bullets) jagged by biting.
1645Fuller Good Th. in Bad T. (1841) 55 How devilish were those men, who..first found the champing and empoisoning of bullets. 1655― Ch. Hist. iii. 45 When the half-famished Souldier, rather for spight then hunger, will champ a bullet. 1678Trials Ireland 24 Grove would have had the Bullets to be Champt for fear that..if the Bullets were Round, the Wound..might be Cured.
6. Sc. To crash, mash, pound with a pestle or the like (potatoes, sand, etc.); to crush or trample under foot, as men or beasts do.
1788–1805 [see champed]. 1826J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 265 Like the red arm o' a hizzie champing rumblidethumps. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. ii. viii, The whole ground..of your existence champed into a mud of sensuality. 1863[see champing vbl. n.]. Mod. Sc. A potato-champer to champ potatoes. The box was champit to atoms by the crowd. The cattle champ the ground round the watering trough.
▸ intr. fig.to champ at the bit: to be restlessly impatient or eager to do something, esp. in the face of a constraint or delay. Chiefly in pres. pple. Cf. sense 3.
1885Newark (Ohio) Daily Advocate (Electronic text) 1 Oct. ‘Little breeches’ has been tramping down all the tall timber in his vicinity and champing at the bit tremendously, in his impatience..to tackle Gov. Hoadley in a political discussion. 1903Coshocton (Ohio) Daily Age (Electronic text) 19 Apr. Dr..Marshall and..Mills are champing at the bit while waiting for their new Winton cars to arrive. 1946Rev. Polit. 8 108 It is only necessary to reflect on the lot of European youth, morally immured in the immense prisoners' camp which the Atlantic Wall created, who champed at the bit, impuissant, excluded from all action..waiting for D-Day. 1974J. Brennan Parker Ranch of Hawaii (1979) iii. 33 As a teen-age lad he was long-legged, raw-boned, and champing at the bit to go places and do things of significance. 2003S. Brett Murder in Museum xiii. 103 He seemed raring to go back, didn't he, champing at the bit to finish the job? |