| 释义 |
† chamber-deacon, -deakin, -deken, -in, -on, -yn Obs.
[app. f. chamber + deacon, though the history of the appellation is obscure.
If sense 1 was, as it appears to be, the earlier, then the persons so called were probably really in minor orders, or at least preparing for such. It is probable that these often supported themselves by acting as domestic chaplains, or even as ordinary domestics or ‘scouts’ to well-to-do scholars or others willing to entertain them, and that hence arose sense 2. A University Statute quoted by Antony à Wood sub anno 1432 mentions alicui scholari, sive alicujus scholaris servienti. Wood's conjecture that the word was a corruption of in camerâ degentes, i.e. living not in any academical hall, but in lodgings (as non-collegiate students), belongs to pre-scientific ‘etymology’, but it is not easy to say whether the chamber-dekyns of sense 1 were named from living in their own chambers, or, as those of sense 2 were, from keeping the chambers of others.]
1. A name given to certain poor clerks, or poor scholars, chiefly from Ireland, who frequented the English universities (esp. Oxford) in the 15th c., and did not belong to any college or hall.
1413Act 1 Hen. V, c. 8 Qe toutz Irrois et clercs Irrois mendinauntz appellez chaumberdeakyns soient voidez hors du Roialme [transl. Berthollet 1543 Irysh clerkes beggars called chamberdeckins]. [1422–3Act 1 Hen. VI, c. 3 ‘What sort of Irishmen only may come to dwell in England’, specially forbids ‘scholars of Ireland which be no graduates’ to repair to Oxford or Cambridge, unless they bring letters testimonials under the seal of the Lieutenant, etc.; it refers to the preceding Statute, but does not name chaumberdeakyns.] 1432Statute in Anstey Munim. Acad. (Oxon.) (1868) I. 320 Quum pax hujus almæ Universitatis frequenter turbari dignoscitur per diversos, qui in forma Scholarium infra Universitatem et præcinctum ejusdem extra aulas ac sine Principalibus in locis diversis latent et expectant, qui nefando nomine chamberdekenys nuncupantur, et per dies dormiunt, ac in noctibus circa tabernas [et] lupinaria spolia homicidiaque vigilant, etc. [it is therefore enacted that scholars must reside in a hall, or college]. 1512in Wood, Mandatum generale..quibusdam pauperibus scholaribus qui vocantur chamberdekyns..sub pœna bannitionis ut transferrent se infra viii dies immediate sequentes in collegia sua sive aulas ubi communia habentur.
¶ In later writers it is only a historical term, at the meaning of which guesses are made.
1607Cowell Interpr., Chamberdekins are Irish beggars, which by the Statute of 1 H. 5. cap 8 were, etc. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. iv. ii. §29 The Commons' petition..that all Irish begging-priests called Chaumberdeakyns should avoid the Realm before Michaelmas next. 1681Blount Glossogr., Chamberdekins, or Chaumberdakyns, were Irish begging Priests, banished England. 1696Phillips, Chamberdekins, properly Chamber-deacons, were certain poor Irish Scholars, clad in poor habit, and living under no Rule, banish'd England in the reign of Hen. V. 1721–1800Bailey, Chamber⁓dekins (i.e. Chamber-Deacons), Irish Beggars, in the Habit of poor Scholars of Oxford, who often committed Robberies. 1764Burn Hist. Poor Laws 24. 1831 Sir W. Hamilton Disc. (1852) 412 We find..decisive measures taken in Oxford against the Chamberdekyns or scholars haunting the Schools, but of no authorized house.
2. A servant or attendant who kept the chambers of noblemen and others attending court, called also minister of chamber.
1461–83Liber Niger Edw. IV in Househ. Ord. (1790) 38 (Gentylmen Usshers of Chaumbre), And eche of these usshers to have into this court ii honest servaunts..and to leve byhynde them no chaumbre-dekons in courte, but such as are appoynted by the countyng house. Ibid. 44 (Henxmen), Eueryche of theym an honest servaunt to kepe theyre chambre and harneys and to array hym in this courte, whyles theyre maisters be present in courte, or elles to have no chambre dekens. Ibid. 66 Item..that the chambre decons voyde with theyre maistyrs sauve Suche as are assigned here to abide. [cf.1526Househ. Ord. 148 That no such mynister or keeper of chamber be suffered..to have any ladde under him to doe his businesse.] |