| 释义 |
▪ I. cerˈtificate, ppl. a. Obs.
[ad. med.L. certificāt-us, pa. pple.: see next.]
Certified, assured.
1547Homilies i. Faith i. (1859) 38 A certificate and sure looking for them. 1560in Hazl. E.P.P. IV. 175 Chryst..Which is our brother by proue certyficate.
▪ II. certificate, n.|səˈtɪfɪkət|
Also 5–8 -at, 5 cert-, sertyfycate.
[a. F. certificat, or ad. med.L. certificātum thing certified, a subst. use of pa. pple. of certificāre to certify. In sense 1 it appears to answer to a L. n. in -ātus (4th decl.)]
†1. The action or fact of certifying or giving assurance; certification. Obs.
c1480St. Ursula (Roxb.) A j, Wastynge the church with force and cruelte So sayeth the cronycles for our certyfycate. 1555Eden Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 259 For the better certificat therof he consyderd the stations of the moone.
†2. The action whereby a responsible person or persons attest a fact within their knowledge; certification, attestation. Obs.
1472Marg. Paston Lett. 705 III. 63 Send for the shereffes debute to wete how thei be disposid for certificate of the knyghtes. 1495Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 10 §1 Upon certificat of the delyvere of the seid Writtes. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 95 a, Before they make certificat home to their cities. 1563Homilies ii. Repentance i. (1859) 534 For a certificate, and assurance thereof. 1661J. Stephens Procurations 30 Since the Certificate of their value into the Exchequer about the 26 of H. 8.
3. a. A document wherein a fact is formally certified or attested.
[1447in Paston Lett. I. 64 Comme il apparest par le certificat a eulx par nous donné.] 1489–90Plumpton Corr. 91 Send up the sayd wrytts with his sertyfycat. 1592Greene Art Conny-catch. ii. 5 Who buyeth a horse without this certificat or proofe, shalbe within the nature of fellony. 1601Holland Pliny I. 182 Six men brought a certificate that they had liued an hundred yeares apiece. 1642Two Ord. Lords & Comm. 3 Dec. 3 A true and exact Certificate..of the quantity of Gunpowder. 1722De Foe Plague (1754) 9 To get Passes and Certificates of Health..for, without these, there was no being admitted to pass thro' the Towns. 1763Brit. Mag. IV. 174 No cyder and perry, exceeding six gallons, shall be removed, etc., without a certificate. 1790J. Huntingford (title), The Forging and counterfeiting of Certificates of Servants' Characters. 1824Scott St. Ronan's xxv, My father's contract of marriage, my own certificate of baptism. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade s.v., A certificate of origin is a Custom-House document, testifying to particular articles being the growth of a British colony. 1887Whitaker's Almanack 368 A certificate of birth, marriage, or death costs one penny.
b. esp. A document certifying the status or acquirements of the bearer, or his fulfilment of conditions which authorize him to act or practise in a specified way; hence, often equal to licence.
1549Compl. Scot. xi. 95 Nane of them sal cum vitht in the mane cuntre of ingland vitht out ane certificat fra the sc[h]eref. 1593Nashe Foure Lett. Confut. 19 A Certificate (such as rogues haue) from the head men of the Parish. 1615tr. De Montfart's Surv. E. Indies 8 [He] must bring back a good certificat from the Captaine of the Carauan. 1816Trial Berkeley Poachers 29 Allen makes no secret of his shooting; he takes out a certificate. 1852Dickens Bleak Ho. (Hoppe), I am now admitted..on the roll of attornies, and have taken out my certificate. 1863Illust. Lond. News 21 Nov. (Hoppe) The suspension of Captain Stone's certificate for six months. 1874Sat. Rev. Apr. 499 (Hoppe) The vessel was licensed to carry only twenty passengers; but it seems that the restrictions of the certificate did not apply to trade between Mediterranean ports.
c. In a more general sense: Anything which has the force or effect of the preceding; a certification.
1718Free-thinker No. 76. 146 Admit no Opinions but such as come recommended with proper Certificates. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Wealth Wks. (Bohn) II. 68 The Englishman has pure pride in his wealth, and esteems it a final certificate. 1875Jevons Money (1878) 191 Bills of exchange, which are signs or certificates of debt.
d. bankrupt's certificate: (see quot. 1858).
1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4341/4 His Certificate will be confirmed as the Act directs. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade s.v., A bankrupt's certificate is the legal document issued by the Commissioner of the Bankruptcy Court, certifying that he has surrendered his estate, passed the examinations and forms required, and..is permitted to recommence his trading operations.
e. A document committing a person to an institution as insane.
[1883T. S. Clouston Clin. Lect. Mental Dis. xix. 612 It may..be necessary, before certifying, to get a letter..protecting the doctor from risk of legal action. That is a risk no medical man in signing a certificate of lunacy should subject himself to.] 1927Henderson & Gillespie Text-Bk. Psychiatry xvii. 492 The granting of a certificate of this nature carries with it very serious legal obligations; for the person certified may..ask for a trial by jury as to his alleged insanity. 1932Kipling Limits & Renewals 168 He'd been tried too high—too high. I had to sign his certificate a few weeks later.
f. Certificate of Secondary Education, an examination usually set and marked by individual schools for pupils in secondary schools in England and Wales (now replaced by the GCSE: see quot. 1981); the certificate obtained by passing this. Abbrev. C.S.E.: see C III. 3.
1961(title) The Certificate of Secondary Education. A proposal for a new School Leaving Certificate other than the G.C.E. Fourth Rep. Secondary School Examinations Council. 1981D. Rowntree Dict. Educ. 36 Certificate of Secondary Education (CSE) (UK), a school-based examination taken by pupils around the age of 15 or 16 years, and aimed at the 40% of the ability-range, in any given subject, who lie below the top 20% at whom GCE (ordinary level) is aimed... During the 1980s, the CSE system is to be combined with that of the General Certificate of Education (GCE).
4. Law. A writing made in one court, by which notice of its proceedings is given to another, usually by way of transcript. trial by certificate: a form of trial in which the testimony of facts as certified by another court, or by any proper authority, decides the point at issue.
1607–72Cowell Interpr., A Certificate of the Cause of Attaint is a transcript made briefly, and in few words, by the Clerk of the Crown, etc. to the Court of the King's Bench, containing the tenor and effect of every Indictment. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. 333 When the issue is whether a person was absent in the army, this is tried by the certificate of the proper officer, in writing, under his seal. 1818Cruise Digest II. 300 The Judges certified that Mr. Bromfield took a vested estate in fee simple..The Master of the Rolls decreed in conformity to this certificate.
5. attrib., as in certificate goods (see 3, quot. 1858).
1710Lond. Gaz. No. 4674 An Act..for better preventing Frauds in Drawbacks upon Certificate Goods. 1710Act 8 Anne in Lond. Gaz. No. 4701/2 Persons, who..cause..to be re-landed such Tobacco, and other Certificate-Goods.
▪ III. certificate, v.|səˈtɪfɪkeɪ(ɪ)t|
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans. To attest (a fact) by a certificate.
2. To furnish (a person) with a certificate. (to certificate out of: cf. argue v. 8, 9.)
1818Todd, Certificate, a word of very recent date, signifying to give a certificate to a person, that he has passed a particular examination, or that he is justly entitled to some claim. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. I. 256 The homely stock of love that had never been examined or certificated out of her. 1870Daily News 12 Nov., To register and certificate midwives. 1881New Eng. Jrnl. Education XIV. 345 The teacher..was certificated for one of the lower grades.
3. To license or authorize by certificate.
1884Manch. Exam. 9 Sept. 5/3 Few of the excursionists know how many people the boat is certificated to carry.
Hence cerˈtificated, cerˈtificating.
1768Blackstone Comm. I. ix. 365 Apprentice or servant to such certificated person. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Certificated Bankrupt, one who is freed from his liabilities, and holds a certificate from the Bankruptcy Court. 1864Bp. of Lincoln's Charge 6 A smaller supply of trained and certificated teachers. 1869Pall Mall G. 29 Sept. 12 It does not parade this certificating character upon its title-page. |