| 释义 |
▪ I. ˈundergo, n.
[under-1 5 a.]
(See quot.)
1876Holland Seven Oaks x. 123 They were blue under⁓goes—in other words blue flannel shirts.
▪ II. undergo, v.|ʌndəˈgəʊ|
[Late OE. undergán (f. under- under-1 4 b + gán go v.), = MDu. ondergaen (Du. -gaan), OHG. untarkân (MHG., MLG., LG. undergân, G. untergehen), Da. undergaa, Sw. undergå.]
†1. trans. To work under, so as to impair or destroy; to undermine. Obs.
c1000Sax. Leechd. III. 444 Ne sy la nan eorðcund cyning mid ᵹitsunge to þæm swiþe undergan. a1300E.E. Psalter xvi. 14 Ris vp, lauerd; forcome him swa, And als-swa him vnderga [L. subverte]. c1315Shoreham vii. 622 Ac þo þe deuel hyt aspyde Þat man hym scholde þer abyde..He þouȝte gyle al onder-go. 1642D. Rogers Naaman 146 Be [thou] affraid lest thou shouldest undergo thy selfe in purchasing the pearle.
†b. To deceive, get the better of. Obs.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 1147 Ðis maidenes redden sone on-on..Hu he miȝten vnder-gon Here fader, ðat he ne wore ðor gon. a1380St. Paula 479 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 33 Þou hast me gyled and vndur-gone [L. circumvenisti].
†c. To get under, search below. Obs.—1
1605Verstegan Dec. Intell. Verses by Author, That all men seeke all what they may to know; Yea Tyme in his own cours to vndergo.
†2. To submit to (do something). Obs.—1
c1200Ormin 2527 Þatt ȝho wass rædiȝ tunnderrgan Drihhtiness will to follȝhenn.
†b. To accept, admit, allow. Obs.—1
c1315Shoreham vii. 187 Ȝet oure by-leaue wole onder-gon Þat þyse þre beþ ryȝt al on.
c. To be subject to, to serve. rare.
1586G. Whitney Emblems 223 Here, man who first should heauenlie thinges attaine,..First, vndergoes the worlde with might, and maine. 1864Browning in Mem. Tennyson (1897) II. i. 16 The new metre is admirable, a paladin's achievement... So have you made our language undergo you.
†3. To go or pass under. Obs.
c1220Bestiary 691 in O.E. Misc. 22 And tus adam he under-ȝede, reisede him up, and al mankin. a1575tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden No. 29) 37 Howbeit, hoping eyther to winne it by assault, or compell it to yeelde, they undergoe the wall. c1611Chapman Iliad vi. 444 Better my shoulders underwent the earth, than thy decease. 1627May Lucan v. I 4, That day the sea seem'd mountaines topps t' oreflow, And yeilding earth that deluge t' vndergoe.
†b. To sink below (one's sight). Obs.
1614Gorges Lucan ix. 386 Thy sight the North-starre vndergoes,..And each starre, that is most of light, Seemes (by the sea) hid from thy sight.
†4. To occupy oneself with; to investigate. (Also with of.)
b. To get knowledge of. Obs.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 1160 Nv bi-oueð us to wenden a-gen And of abraham song under-gon. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 353/273 His lettre he sende, þat he scholde of swuche þingue onder-go [v.r. scholde such þing vndergo]. c1330Amis & Amil. 603 Yif..ani wight of all þi kinne. Might it vndergo, Al our ioie and worldes winne We schuld lese. a1400Sir Beues (MS. S.) 1514 That hors wel ȝerne vnder-ȝede That Beues nas not on is rigge.
5. To bear, endure, sustain, suffer, go through (pain, suffering, danger, etc.).
a1300Cursor M. 9748 And thol on me þe dom i sal, Þat he suld vnder-ga, yon thral. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxviii. (Adrian) 243 For-þi mare ardent wes his wil hard martirdome til vndirga. c1400Apol. Loll. 39 We wel þat þe bischops þat are necligent in þis, vndir go þe same peyn. 1595Shakes. John iv. i. 135 Silence, no more; go closely in with mee, Much danger do I vndergo for thee. 1609Tourneur Funeral Poem Sir F. Vere 216 If some were still so bold to undergoe his doome. 1666in Verney Mem. (1907) II. 259 In that or other disappointments or crosses that your sister and I have undergone. 1711Spect. No. 161 ⁋5 They were..fit to undergo any Fatigues of bodily Labour. a1770Jortin Serm. (1771) VII. xiii. 270 What security hath our Church from undergoing the same fate? 1832H. Martineau Weal & Woe ix. 124 His fine spirit was broken by the anxieties he had undergone. 1887P. McNeill Blawearie 121 Soon all speculation anent the punishment we had to undergo was at an end.
absol.1842Tennyson Godiva 10 She Did more, and under⁓went, and overcame.
†b. To bear, sustain (a burden, etc.). Obs.
c1460Oseney Reg. 162 All charges to þe saide tithis longyng we..schalle bere and schall vndergoo for euer. a1618J. Davies Witte's Pilgr. ii. xvii, Though Atlas on him Heau'n impose, He that huge Burden, staidly under⁓goes! 1656H. Phillips Purch. Patt. (1676) B 4 b, There may be an equality in the loss and charges, that so the burden may be the more easily undergone by both parties.
6. a. To subject or submit oneself, to be subjected, to (a law, inspection, examination, etc.).
a1300Cursor M. 9114 It semes wel..þat he wan merci of his mis..for þe scrift he vnder-yede. c1315Shoreham v. 152 Ope þe heȝe eȝtynde day He onder-ȝede þe gywen lay, And was ycircumcysed. a1425Cursor M. 12755 (Trin.), In watir baptized he alle þo Þat wolde bapteme vndir go. 1594Carew Tasso (1881) 18 They all agree to vnder go his lawes. a1704T. Brown Two Oxford Scholars Wks. 1730 I. 4, I must undergo an Examination. 1721Strype Eccl. Mem. II. xxvi. 215 The Book of Public and Common Prayer, which about this time underwent a diligent inspection and reformation, by some of the bishops. 1817Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. v. 479 The danger to which this event might expose the expedition..underwent deliberation in the Council. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India I. 547 On the 1st July several clauses again underwent examination.
b. To come or fall under, to experience; to have imposed on one.
1599Shakes. Much Ado v. ii. 57 Claudio vndergoes my challenge, and either I must shortly heare from him, or I will subscribe him a coward. a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 22 Those Elders, who..had seen and undergone the wars of Canaan. 1650Earl of Monmouth tr. Senault's Man bec. Guilty 145, I foresee I cannot condemn this Action without under-going the jealousie of such. 1668Hale Rolle's Abridgm. Pref. 2 It is a Posthumous work, which never underwent the last Hand or Pensil of the judicious Author. 1717Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Miss S. Chiswell 1 Apr., Every year thousands undergo this operation. 1774Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772 96 The castle has under⁓gone its different sieges. 1827D. Johnson Ind. Field Sports 155 The Hindoos every morning..undergo ablution. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xvi, It wouldn't do to let 'em see the present company undergoing repair. 1873C. M. Davies Unorth. London (1876) 81, I made up my mind to undergo a Sunday morning service at one of these churches.
c. To experience, pass through (a change or alteration).
1634Milton Comus 841 She reviv'd And underwent a quick immortal change. 1711Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) III. 225, I know not what Alterations the Stone may have underwent. 1765Museum Rust. IV. 339 After this has undergone a strong fermentation. 1825J. Neal Bro. Jonathan I. 23 Seeing the error of his ways he had undergone a conversion. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India III. 116 The situation of the British forces..had undergone a rapid improvement. 1884L. J. Jennings Croker Papers I. iv. 116 His views underwent a very thorough change in course of time.
†d. To partake of, enjoy. Obs. rare.
1603Shakes. Meas. for M. i. i. 24 If any in Vienna be of worth To vndergoe such ample grace, and honour, It is Lord Angelo. 1604― Ham. i. iv. 34 (Q 2), His vertues els be they..As infinite as man may vndergoe, Shall in the generall censure take corruption From that particular fault.
†7. To expose oneself to (risk). Obs.—1
c1315Shoreham i. 288 Ȝet gret peryl hy vndergoþe Þat cristneþ twyes enne.
8. To take in hand; to undertake. Now rare.
1601Shakes. Jul. C. i. iii. 123, I haue mou'd already Some certaine of the Noblest minded Romans To vnder-goe, with me, an Enterprize. 1605Sylvester Du Bartas iii. ii. Law 291 Make me no excuse On thy..unworthinesse To under-goe so great a Businesse. 1655Stanley Hist. Philos. i. 108 Since him a perfect Agent we may call, Who first considers what he undergoes. 1739Tull Horse-Hoeing Husb. (1740) 252 [They] gave me such an Embarras, that if I had foreseen, I would not have underwent. 1817Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. viii. 670 Responsibility, thus limited, he had no objection to undergo.
†b. To perform or discharge (an employment, office, etc.). Obs. (Common in 17th c.)
1609Daniel Civ. Wars iv. xvii. 91 Having the chiefest actions undergone Both foreign and domestical of late. 1631May tr. Barclay's Mirr. Mindes ii. 38 Few they are..able to undergoe perpetuall employment, and not confounded with the different face of businesse. 1667Pepys Diary 11 Sept., [He is] a very young man to undergo that place. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 266 It has been a Question among the Doctors, Whether an Executor may be compelled to undergo this Office?
†9. To go under or by, to bear (a name). Obs.
1605Gunpowder Plot in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 26 Mr. Fawkes underwent the name of Mr. Percy's man. 1809Malkin Gil Blas vii. xiv. ⁋6 A large ape, which underwent the name of Cupid.
Hence ˈunderˌgoing ppl. a.
1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 159, I haue..Vnder my burthen groan'd, which rais'd in me An vndergoing stomacke. |