| 释义 |
▪ I. ˈcentrifuge, a. and n.
[a. F. centrifuge centrifugal.]
A. adj. = centrifugal.
1801Fuseli Lect. Art iii. (1848) 408 The projectile and centrifuge qualities of the system.
B. n. A centrifugal machine; spec. one for separating cream from milk by rotary motion.
1887Pall Mall G. 27 Sept. 2/2 Two of the Danish centrifuges, which have a rotary motion equal to 4,000 revolutions a minute. They..effect an instantaneous partition of the cream from the milk. 1887Scot. Leader 29 Sept. 4 His dairymaids are Danish centrifuges. 1902Chemist & Druggist 18 Oct. 660/1 A centrifuge..exerts a sifting or separating action on such a mixture. 1935Nature 4 May 719/2 The recognition by Ledingham and Gye, by the use of the high-speed centrifuge, of minute particles resembling those of other viruses. 1937Ann. Reg. 1936 54 By use of the Svedberg centrifuge, X-ray and mathematico-physical methods, advance was made towards an understanding of the molecular architecture of the cell. 1947Crowther & Whiddington Sci. at War 143 Yet another method consists of whirling vapours containing isotopes in a powerful centrifuge. 1957Observer 10 Nov. 1/3 The Farnborough Institute has a human centrifuge in which human toleration to acceleration is tested. 1969Listener 5 June 774/1 It might be possible to separate fissile uranium from the non-fissile variety in which it is naturally mixed by the use of centrifuges—rapidly spinning cylinders containing the gas uranium fluoride.
▪ II. centrifuge, v.|ˈsɛntrɪfjuːdʒ|
[f. the n.]
trans. To subject to centrifugal motion; to separate by means of a centrifuge. So ˈcentrifuged ppl. a.; ˈcentrifuging vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1902Chemist & Druggist 18 Oct. 660/1 The creamy layer which collects on the top of the centrifuged liquid is skimmed off. 1903Nature 3 Dec. 111/2 By mixing bacteria with the white cells of the blood obtained by centrifuging and adding blood serum. 1908Practitioner Jan. 12 If the cerebro-spinal fluid withdrawn by this operation is centrifuged, and a deposit found,..we can certainly exclude neurasthenia. 1910Ibid. Apr. 447 Centrifuged specimens. 1920L. Doncaster Introd. Cytology iv. 54 Owing to the centrifuging, the polar spindle of an egg is greatly elongated. 1922F. W. Aston Isotopes 131 If therefore we have a mixture of isotopes in a gaseous or liquid state partial separation should be possible by gravity or centrifuging. 1930Field & Weill Electro-Plating 88 Centrifuging machines are used in dealing with numerous small parts. 1938R. W. Lawson tr. Hevesy & Paneth's Man. Radioactivity (ed. 2) xviii. 169 The precipitated lead hydroxide is centrifuged off. |