| 释义 |
cellulose, a. and n.|ˌsɛljʊˈləʊs; ˈsɛljʊləʊs, -əʊz|
[ad. mod.L. cellulōs-us, f. cellula, cellule.]
A. adj. Consisting of an aggregate of ‘cells’ or small cavities: full of minute cavities.
1753[see cellular 3.] 1755Manduit in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 206 The base is of a stiffer and more cellulose texture. 1854Woodward Mollusca ii. 241 One small modiola makes its hole in the cellulose tunic of Ascidians.
B. n.
a. [a. F. cellulose.] One of the amyloses. A substance, also called lignin, which constitutes the essential part of the solid framework of plants, and occurs to some extent in the animal body. It is amorphous, tasteless, inodorous, absolutely innutritious, insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, dilute acids, and alkalis. The name, introduced by Payen, has become the type of the other chemical terms in -ose. Also attrib., as in cellulose wall, or Comb., as cellulose-digesting adj.
1835Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) I. 6 The organic basis of the elementary organs is called cellulose. 1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. (1874) 403 Gun Cotton..is a substitution product, being cellulose in which three atoms of hydrogen are replaced by NO2, and is called trinitro-cellulose. 1875Darwin Insectiv. Pl. vi. 125 The gastric juice of animals does not attack cellulose. 1877Watts Fownes' Chem. II. 207 Cellulose..in fine linen and cotton, which are almost entirely composed of it. 1882Vines Sachs' Bot. 13 In the cell-plates cellulose walls are now formed. 1924J. A. Thomson Science Old & New xxix. 161 Sheep and cattle live very largely on grass, and yet they are also without cellulose-digesting ferments.
b. Now esp. as the basis of important commercial products. In popular use the word commonly designates compounds of cellulose, particularly cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate, solutions of which form the ‘cellulose’ finishes used in varnishing metal, woodwork, etc. Also attrib., as cellulose lacquer, cellulose paint.
1876Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXX. 231 (title) Cellulose manufacture. 1898Daily News 9 Nov. 4/6 A sawmill and a cellulose factory have just been set up at Mitrovitza. 1902Westm. Gaz. 6 Jan. 2/1 The sulphite cellulose process is due to the labours in the laboratory of Al. Mitscherlich and Tilghmann. 1927Observer 16 Oct. 27 Bodies finished in cellulose. 1930Motor Body Building LI. 105/2 Cellulose Lacquer, a finishing material containing nitro-cellulose. 1935Discovery Nov. 326/2 Cellulose lacquers, paints, distempers, etc. 1951Good Housek. Home Encycl. 321/1 Cellulose paint is not very suitable for outdoor work.
c. cellulose acetate, any of several compounds formed by acetylating (usu. with acetic anhydride) some form of cellulose, esp. cotton; used in the manufacture of synthetic fibres, plastics, etc.; cellulose nitrate, a compound formed by the action of nitric acid on a cellulose; nitrocellulose.
1880Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXVIII. 372 The author describes the properties of five cellulose nitrates. 1895C. F. Cross et al. Cellulose 35 The cellulose acetates about to be described are of undetermined molecular weight. Ibid. 39 Although gun cottons, or pyroxylines, are generally spoken of as nitro-celluloses, they are perhaps more correctly described as cellulose nitrates. 1909Keane Mod. Org. Chem. 199 Conditions..favourable to explosibility are present in gun-cotton, a mixture of cellulose nitrates, and in blasting gelatine. 1927T. Woodhouse Artificial Silk 27 Cellulose Acetate artificial silk, also known as ‘Celanese’ artificial silk. 1958Economist 20 Dec. 1051/1 Cellulose Acetate makes tough, water-resistant wire and cable coatings. Cellulose Acetate Butyrate produces lacquers, adhesives, airplane dopes and melt and peelable coatings possessing high strength, flexibility and excellent weathering properties.
Hence as v. trans., to treat or coat with a compound of cellulose, esp. with a cellulose lacquer or paint; ˈcellulosed ppl. a.
1934Punch 29 Aug. 248/2 Dingy Skipper may need re⁓cellulosing but is fine defensive navigator. 1935Times 23 Oct. 4/5 This last is cellulosed in two shades of metallic blue. 1937Times 23 Dec. 4/7 A less elaborate affair is a cellulosed bed-table. 1958W. Sansom Cautious Heart 6 Small refectory tables, carved and terribly cellulosed. |