| 释义 |
carbonic, a. Chem.|kɑːˈbɒnɪk|
[f. carbon n., or its L. source carbōn-em + -ic.]
1. a. Of or pertaining to carbon. esp. in certain chemical names, as carbonic acid, a name originally given to the gas now more systematically called carbon(ic) dioxide or carbonic anhydride, CO2, formerly also known as fixed air, the gas which is formed in the ordinary combustion of carbon, disengaged from fermenting liquors, given out in the breathing of animals, and largely evolved from fissures in the earth, constituting the choke damp or foul air of mines and caves. This is still popularly called carbonic acid gas, but the name carbonic acid is applied in chemistry to the hydrate or compound CH2O3 supposed to be formed when carbon dioxide comes in contact with water, of which the carbonates are the salts; carbonic-acid snow or carbonic anhydrase (see quot. 1949); carbonic oxide = carbon monoxide, CO; carbonic snow: carbon-dioxide snow.
1791E. Darwin Bot. Gard. i. 82 note, The various kinds of acids, as Carbonic acid (or fixed air). 1793T. Beddoes Calculus 234 It returns to the lungs surcharged with carbonic-hydrogene air. 1794Sullivan View Nat. I. 232 This aerial, or carbonic acid. 1794J. Hutton Philos Light, &c. 161 The azotic and carbonic air. 1812Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 105 An inflammable gas, called carbonic oxide, which burns with a blue flame. 1841[see snow n.1 5 b]. 1863A. Ramsay Phys. Geog. i. (1878) 4 The carbonic acid in the air. 1873J. Cooke New Chem. 143 This aeriform material is now called in chemistry carbonic dioxide. 1877Roberts Handbk. Med. I. 383 The expired air may be cool, and is deficient in carbonic anhydride. 1932Meldrum & Roughton in Jrnl. Physiol. LXXV. 4 P, Recently we have succeeded in separating the catalytic system from hæmoglobin... For this new enzyme system we suggest the name Carbonic Anhydrase. 1940Nature 3 Aug. 164/1 (heading) Sulphanilamide as a specific inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. 1949S. & L. M. Miall New Dict. Chem. (ed. 2) 109/2 Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme which serves to accelerate the formation of carbon dioxide from bicarbonate in the blood vessels of the lung. 1964S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) xxi. 309 Further lowering of the tension may be obtained by the systemic administration of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. 1905Gould Dict. New Med. Terms 197/2 A bag filled with carbonic snow at a temperature 176° F. below zero is applied daily for half an hour to the pit of the stomach.
b. Of or caused by carbonic acid gas.
1872W. Aitken Sc. & Pract. Med. II. 735 Carbonic narcosis may possibly, in some cases, retard the heart's action.
c. carbonic paper, early name of carbon-paper (b).
1808S. Napier Let. 14 Nov. in H. A. Bruce Life Gen. Sir William Napier (1864) I. iii. 66, I am enabled to write this with my own hand upon carbonic paper, invented by Wedgwood for taking copies. 1876Preece & Sivewright Telegraphy 289 The rest of the message..is transcribed on the public copy by carbonic paper. 1881Instr. Census Clerks (1885) 82 Carbonic Paper Maker. 1884W. Lynd Pract. Telegraphist 26 The carbonic paper must be changed sufficiently often to admit of a clear and distinct impression being made. 1895Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 548 Carbonic Paper. For Tracing and Transfers, Black both sides.
2. Of coal or charcoal; of the Carbonari. (Also n.)
1819H. Busk Dessert 421 Come share the heat of our carbonic fire. 1821Byron To Moore 19 Sept., The cause has been the exile of all my fellow Carbonics. |