| 释义 |
Seminole, n. and a.|ˈsɛmɪnəʊl|
Also 8 Seminollie, 8–9 Siminole, etc.
[ad. Creek simanó:li wild, runaway, earlier and dial. simaló:ni, f. Amer. Sp. cimarrón (cf. cimarron).]
A. n.
1. A member of any of several groupings of North American Indians that comprise or comprised Creek Confederacy emigrants in Florida, or their descendants now resident in Florida and Oklahoma, esp. the present-day Florida Indians, who speak the Muskogee and Mikasuki languages of the Muskogean family. Also as collect. sing.
1763W. G. de Brahm in Amer. Indian Ethnohist.: S. & S.E. Indians: Florida Indians (1974) I. 244 The Surveyor General..must have fallen in with many Hunting Ganges of Semiolilies. 1771in Ibid. III. 17 The Seminolies or East Florida Creeks had frequent inter⁓course with Spaniards..by means of Fishing vessels. 1789Amer. State Papers: Indian Affairs (1832) I. 15 Some of the most southern towns of the Lower Creeks, or Seminoles, are within the territory of Spain. 1866‘F. Kirkland’ Pict. Bk. Anecdotes 318/2 He fainted at the spectacle, and was soon after butchered by a Seminole. 1910F. W. Hodge Handbk. Amer. Indians II. 500/2 While still under Spanish rule the Seminole became involved in hostility with the United States. 1946Nat. Geogr. Mag. Jan. 53/2 The later Seminole, who were primarily an offshoot of the Creeks and Hitchiti, were also a Muskhogean people. 1972Listener 28 Dec. 904/3 Hidden here in the Everglades..a race of forgotten, proud but degenerate Seminoles.
2. An Eastern Muskogean language of the Seminoles.
1848Southern Lit. Messenger XIV. 482/2, I concluded at the time [that the opera] was written in Seminole, as the only word which I distinctly heard was en ca. 1933[see Creek n.3]. 1972J. L. Dillard Black Eng. iv. 153 The sentence is in fact Pidgin English with some relexification by Seminole.
B. adj.
1. Of, pertaining to, or designating any of the Seminole groupings, or these peoples collectively.
[1774: see sense 2 below.] 1775W. Bartram in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (1943) XXXIII. 160 These were Seven likely Young Siminole Fellows all elligantly dresst & painted after the Indian fashions. 1797J. Morse Amer. Gazetteer s.v. Calos, Not far from this is a considerable town of Seminole Indians. 1837H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. 71 The Seminole fathers would not deliver them up. 1881Rep. Indian Affairs (U.S.) p. lv, [They] were willing to incorporate the whole Seminole tribe into their nation. 1945L. R. Tryon Poor Man's Doctor 3 The belt-like stone-crop, symbol of fertility to the original Seminole inhabitants of this paradise. 1973A. H. Whiteford North Amer. Indian Arts 96 Seminole patchwork is unique among Indians of North America.
2. Special collocations: Seminole horse, a small horse belonging to a feral stock once found in south-eastern North America and locally domesticated by Indians and others; Seminole war, any of three wars waged by the U.S. against the Seminole Indians in 1817–18, 1835–42, and 1855–58.
1774W. Bartram in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (1943) XXXIII. 148 Here we saw herds of deer bounding before the chace of the naked active Floridian mounted on his fleet Siminole horse. 1806P. Wakefield Excursions N. Amer. xvi. 107 Extensive savannahs..maintain innumerable herds of deer, cattle, and Siminole horses, which are of a small breed. 1931F. Harrison John's Island Stud (South Carolina) 1750–1788 170 The Seminole (or Creek) horse, small in size and capricious in nature, having its origin in Florida.
1818Repub. Constellation (Winchester, Va.) 11 July 2/1 Gen. Jackson..obtained full proof that the Spanish authorities at Pensacola had been active in fomenting the Seminole war. 1837H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. ii. i. 71 Probably few of the United States troops who fell in the late Seminole war knew how the strife arose. 1948Florida Hist. Q. July 35 Had not the Seminole war intervened, there is little question that the settlement of the present Taylor county would have begun ten years earlier than it did. 1973D. Aaron Unwritten War iv. xi. 171 Sergeant Weber..veteran of the Seminole War. |