| 释义 |
captivity|kæpˈtɪvɪtɪ|
Also 4 (captyuide), 4–6 captyuyte, 6–7 captiuitie.
[perh. a. F. captivité, ad. L. captīvitas, -tātem, f. captīv-us captive. The OF. was chetiveté: as Littré has captivité only from 15th c., the ME. may have been direct ad. Lat.]
1. The condition of a captive; the state of being held prisoner by an enemy or conqueror; sometimes spec. that of the Jews at Babylon.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 1612 Þat caȝt watz in þe captyuide in cuntre of Iues. c1380Wyclif Wicket (1828) 2 They shall fall..into captyvyte manye dayes. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccliv. 328 There were many cristen men..put in captyuyte. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, iv. v. 13 To set him free from his Captiuitie. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. i. vi. §8 How durst Ezra..after the Captivity, profane so sacred a thing? 1794Sullivan View Nat. II. 238 Their several captivities, dispersions, and desolations. 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 135 A captivity implies a removal of the inhabitants.
b. of a captive animal.
1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. V. 305 A malicious joy in these call-birds to bring the wild ones into the same state of captivity.
2. fig. The servitude or subjection of the reason, will, or affections.
1538Starkey England 31 Wyse conseyl may at the lest..restore the wyl out of such captyvyte. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 38 The miserable captivitie of the devil. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. iv. §12 Disciples do owe unto masters..not an absolute resignation or perpetual captivity. 1611Bible 2 Cor. x. 5 Bringing into captiuitie euery thought to the obedience of Christ. 1651Hobbes Leviath. iii. xxxii. 196 By the captivity of our understanding is..meant a Submission..of the Will to Obedience. 1714Addison Cato iii. i. (L.) The strong, the brave, the virtuous, the wise Sink in the soft captivity together.
†3. Those who are in captivity; captives collectively. (A Hebraism.) Obs. to lead captivity captive: a Scriptural phrase used in Judges v. 12, Ps. lxviii. 19 in the sense of ‘lead off one's captives in triumph’; but often taken (after Eph. iv. 8) in the sense ‘to lead away into captivity those who have held others in bondage’.
1526Tindale Eph. iv. 8 He is gone vp an hye, and hath ledde captivitie captive [Wyclif, ledde caitifte caitif]. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxxviii §9 He led captivity captive. 1611Bible Judg. v. 12 Leade thy captiutie captiue, thou sonne of Abinoam [1382 Wyclif, Tak thi chaytyues; 1388 thi prisoneris; 1535 Coverd. Catch hem yt catched thee, thou son of Abinoam]. ― Dan. vi. 13 That Daniel which is of the captiuity of the children of Iudah. 1667Milton P.L. x. 188 And with ascention bright Captivity led captive through the Aire. |