| 释义 |
bested, bestead, pa. pple.|bɪˈstɛd|
Forms: 2–3 bistaðed, -et, 3–5 bistad, 4 bisted, 4–5 bestedd(e, 4–6 bestadd(e, 4–7 bestad, 5 bistadde, bystedde, -stade, 6 bestade, 6– bestead, 8– bested.
[ME. bistad, f. bi-, be- 2 + stad, later sted, ‘placed.’ a. ON. staddr pa. pple. of steðja to stop, place: see sted v. and pa. pple. (ME. had also bistaðed, ultimately f. ON. staðr ‘place,’ which might itself have become stad: cf. history of clad.) The later spelling bestead is merely due to analogy, cf. bestead v. and stead n. Hence Spenser's bestad pa. tense and pa. pple.]
†1. Placed, located, situated. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 5254 Qua-so had ben be-stadd þat day, And had þat suete meting sene. Ibid. 1045 Now adam is in erþe bi stad. c1300in Wright Lyric P. xi. 38 Of al this world namore y bad Then beo with hire myn one bistad. c1430Syr. Tryam. 1461 In worlde where ever he be bestedd.
†2. Settled, constituted, arranged. Obs.
c1300in Wright Lyric P. xii. 41 So hit wes bistad, That nomon hem ne bad huere lomes to fonde. a1400Cov. Myst. 77 We xal make us so mery, now this is bestad.
†3. Set about, set with (ornaments), etc. Obs. Cf. beset, belay.
1558Phaër æneid v. M iv b, A harneys coat..with heauy hookes of gold bestad.
4. Beset by (formerly with, enemies), with (dangers, fears, troubles).
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 3365 Wyþ hys enmys he was bestedde. 1393Gower Conf. I. 77 For he with love was bestad. 1493Festivall (W. de W. 1515) 6 Bestad with dethe on euery syde. 1598R. Bernard tr. Terence's Andria iii. v, See you not how I am bestead by your devices. 1616Manifest. Abp. Spalato's Motives App. iii. 2 Bestead with feare of a more mortall blow. 1839G. R. Gleig Only Dau. (1859) 103 Bested by the dangers of a Highland sheeptrack.
5. Placed in some situation, situated, circumstanced; generally with ill, and the like. to be hard bested: to be hard put to it, hard pressed.
a1225Ancr. R. 264 Hwon we beoð so bistaðed & so stronge bistonden. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 190 Þe þrid eschele fulle hard was bisted. c1400Epiph. (Turnb. 1843) 145 On the all wemen wyl call When thei with chylde ben by stedde. a1420Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 704 There rekkethe none how harde I be bystade. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cccxcviii. 690 They that were lefte behynde were hardly bestadde. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, ii. iii. 56, I never saw a fellow worse bestead. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. i. 4 On his way, Uppon an hard adventure sore bestad. a1618J. Davies in Farr S.P. (1845) I. 247 Since by ill we are so well bestad, We cannot greeue for ill. 1730T. Boston Mem. App. 49 Luther found himself hardly bestead in the several conflicts within his own breast. a1850Rossetti Dante & Circ. i. (1874) 157 Poor barque, so ill bested! 1881Shairp Asp. Poetry vi. 166 Men of his kind..are often sore bestead.
†b. In an evil sense, without an adverb expressing it: To be in trouble, to be hard pressed; to be ‘in hard plight set’ (Promp. Parv.). Obs.
1393Gower Conf. III. 194 Whan they ben glad I shall be glad, And sory whan they ben bestad. c1400Rom. Rose 1227 Were a man for hir bistadde, She wolde ben right sore adradde. 1513Douglas æneis x. xi. 16 All efferd of thy fatal dreidfull wordis I am bestad. 1587Turberv. Trag. Tales (1837) 104 Shee was bestead, when that at last she sawe Gentile there. |