| 释义 |
▪ I. † cape, n.1 Obs.|keɪp|
Also 4 kape, 6 Sc. caip.
[Early form of cope retained in north. dial. and Sc. Cf. ONF. cape.]
A cloak with a hood; a cloak or mantle generally; an ecclesiastical cope.
c1205Lay. 7782 A cniht mid his capen [1250 cope]. Ibid. 13097 He nom ane cape [1250 cloke] of his ane cnihte. c1320Seuyn Sag. (W.) 3523 Thou sal be ful fayne For to hald my kapes sleue Whils I washe. 1423Jas. I. King's Q. iii. viii, There saw I stand, in capis wyde and lang, A full grete nowmer, but thair hudis all. c1450Nominale in Wr.-Wülcker 721 Hec capa, a cape. c1520Treat. Galaunt (W. de W.) xxvii, So many capes as now be, & so few good preestes. 1561in Inv. R. Wardr. Scotl. (1815) 156 (Jam.) Nyne peces of caippis, chasubles, and tunicles.
▪ II. cape, n.2|keɪp|
[16th c. ad. F. cape (cappe), ad. Sp. capa or It. cappa, in same sense. Cotgr., 1611, has ‘cape, a shorte and sleeueless cloake or garment, that hath instead of a cape, a capuche behind it’.]
†1. A Spanish cloak (with a hood). Obs.
1565–78Cooper Thesaur., Chlamys, a cloke: a Spanish cape. 1580Baret Alv. C 63 A spanishe cape: a cloke with an hoode.
2. The tippet of a cloak or similar garment, being an additional outer piece attached to it at the neck and hanging loose over the shoulders (e.g. in old riding-cloaks, infants' pelisses, etc.).
1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. iv. iii. 140, I said a gowne..With a small compast cape. 1601Holland Pliny II. 199 Leaues..resembling the cape of a cloke. 1818Byron Juan i. cxxxiv, The mountains..clap a white cape on their mantles blue. 1828Scott F.M. Perth III. 39 Having the cape of [his riding cloak] drawn up.
3. a. A separate article of attire, being a kind of short loose sleeveless cloak, fitting round the neck and falling over the shoulders as a protection against rain or cold. Waterproof capes of this kind are in common use.
[1611in Heath Grocers' Comp. (1869) 92 Or any other garments, safe only a cape of veluet.] 1758Johnson Idler No. 49 ⁋3 He..buttoned up his cape, and went forwards. 1837Hawthorne Twice-told T. (1851) II. xii. 190 To see the stream of ladies, gliding along the slippery sidewalks, with..quilted hoods, boas, and sable capes. 1862C. M. Yonge C'tess Kate vii. (1880) 70 Adelaide had meantime picked out a nice black silk cape. 1885Law Rep. 14 Queen's B. Div. 274 Such rain as they..caught in their oilskin capes. Mod. A policeman in his waterproof cape. The fur capes at present worn by ladies.
b. cape and sword (also cape and cloak): phr. used to characterize romantic fiction or drama with a more or less historical background. Cf. cloak n. 6.
Cf. F. roman de cape et d'épée.
1898Westm. Gaz. 3 Nov. 2/3 Plays of poetry and passion, Cape and cloak, are all the fashion. 1898Daily News 4 Nov. 3/5 The drama of the ‘Cape and Sword’. 1910Westm. Gaz. 2 Feb. 6/4 The cape-and-sword romanticism of Anthony Hope.
c. transf. The short feathers on a fowl's back falling below the hackle.
1899A. H. Evans Birds 548 Xanthomelus aureus..has a..black throat, tail, and part of wings and back, and a cape of hackled plumes falling over the last.
4. Comb., as cape-bonnet, cape-cloak, cape-coat; cape-work, ‘work’ done by a bull-fighter in exciting and enraging the bull with his cape.
a1613Overbury A Wife (1638) 71 A picketooth in his Hat, a capecloak, and a long stocking. 1691Lond. Gaz. No. 2631/4 A thin flaxen Hair'd Man, with a black Hat..a brown Frize Cape-Coat. 1838C. Gilman Recoll. Southern Matron xix. 131 A young girl..dressed in homespun, with a cracker or cape bonnet of the same material. 1870Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. i. (1873) 247 Decanting secrets out of the mouth of one cape-bonnet into that of another. 1926Hemingway Fiesta (1927) xv. 193 She liked Romero's cape-work. 1962Guardian 29 Oct. 5/6 Instead of practising their capework during idle moments, Spanish boys nowadays play..football.
▪ III. cape, n.3|keɪp|
[ad. F. cap head, cape, ad. Pr. cap or It. capo:—Romanic capo, for L. caput head. (The native Fr. repr. of Rom. capo is chef.)]
1. A piece of land jutting into the sea; a projecting headland or promontory.
1386Chaucer Prol. 408 ffrom Gootlond to the Cape of ffynystere. 1555Eden Decades W. Ind. i. iii. (Arb.) 75 Inclosed on bothe sydes with capes or poyntes which receaue the water. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 311 A cape or headland called Sivetinoz. 1635N. Carpenter Geog. Del. ii. xi. 189 A Promontorie..whose extremity is called a cape. 1799H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. III. 8 Between Cape Horn and the Cape of Good-Hope. 1812Byron Ch. Har. ii. xl, Childe Harold hail'd Leucadia's cape afar.
transf. and fig.1850B. Taylor Eldorado xxxvii. (1862) 388 We approached a cape of the mountains. 1860Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. Pref. 6 Pieces of paper..eaten away..in capes and bays of fragile decay.
2. the Cape: some familiar headland; esp. the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. Hence familiarly for Cape Colony, and ellipt. for Cape (colony) wine, wool, funds, etc.; also ellipt. for Cape leather or capeskin, and attrib.
1667Milton P.L. ii. 642 Through the wide Ethiopian to the Cape. 1686Lond. Gaz. No. 2180/4 The 25th of June they all sailed from the Cape. c1800Southey Inscript. xl, Vessels which must else have braved The formidable Cape, and have essayed The perils of the Hyperborean Sea. a1845Hood Public Din. ii, Bucellas made handy, With Cape and bad Brandy. 1884York Her. 23 Aug. 7/2 Wool Markets..Capes are without improvement. 1884Pall Mall G. 1 Oct. 5/2 Capes..were practically unsaleable at the beginning of this week, investors fighting shy of the stock of a colony whose future, etc. a1888Mod. He has gone out to the Cape, to try sheep-farming. 1897Sears, Roebuck Catal. 228/2 Men's Genuine Medium Weight Cape Goat Driving Gloves. 1915K. J. Adcock Leather ii. 11 Large quantities of Cape hides are sent to England. 1921B. E. Ellis Gloves & Glove Trade iv. 58 Real Cape gloves are usually bark-tanned..but many gloves sold as ‘Capes’ are tawed and dyed by the dipping process. 1929[see Boulton a.]. 1956Gloss. Leather Terms (B.S.I.) 7 Cape, originally a soft, grain gloving or clothing leather made from South African hair sheep skin; now any similar leather made from hair sheep skin, but not finished leather made from E.I. native vegetable tanned hair sheep skin.
3. Cape fly-away (see quot.).
1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789) Terre de beurre, cape fly-away, a cant-phrase applied to any illusive appearance of land in the horizontal clouds. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Cape Fly-away, a cloud-bank on the horizon, mistaken for land, which disappears as the ship advances.
4. attrib.
a. chiefly in sense 2, as in Cape boor, Cape region, Cape wine, etc.; esp. in numerous names of animals, plants, etc. found at the Cape of Good Hope, as Cape aloes, Cape ant-eater, Cape ash, Cape badger, Cape ebony, Cape heath, Cape marmot, etc.; Cape boy (see boy n.1 3 e); Cape cart, a two-wheeled, horse-drawn hooded cart peculiar to South Africa; Cape clouds (see quot.); Cape cobra, a cobra (Naja nivea) of southern Africa, variable in colouring; Cape Coloured a., of or designating the Coloured or brown population group of the Cape Province, especially of the Western Province of the Cape; n., a person (or the people) of this group; Cape doctor, a strong south-east wind in S. Africa (cf. doctor n. 6 b); Cape Dutch, (a) South Africans of Dutch extraction; (b) the Dutch spoken in South Africa, Afrikaans; also as adj. phr.; Cape elk, the Eland; Cape gooseberry, Physalis peruviana, a herb of the family Solanaceæ, native to South America, or its fruit; Cape-hen, a small kind of Albatross; Cape jasmine, Gardenia florida; Cape jessamine, any of various flowers of the genus Gardenia, esp. G. jasminoides; Cape lobster, the Cape crawfish (see crayfish, crawfish n. 3 c); Cape pigeon, a pigeon-sized petrel, Daption capensis; Cape robin, a species of chat-like thrush, Cossypha caffra; Cape salmon, name given to various fishes having a resemblance to the European salmon, esp. the geelbek and the kabeljou; Cape smoke slang, South African brandy; Cape sparrow, the S. African bird Passer melanurus; mossie; Cape wagon (see quot. 1850); Cape weed, (a) Roccella tinctoria ‘a dye lichen, obtained from the Cape de Verde Islands’ (Treas. Bot. 1866); (b) a common yellow-flowered herb, Cryptostemma calendulaceum, now a troublesome weed in Australia and N.Z.; (c) (see quot. 1933). (See also Pettman Africanderisms for many other specific names.)
1822Burrowes Encycl. V. 623/2 A *cape boor bestows no more labour on his farm than is absolutely necessary.
1892J. R. Couper Mixed Humanity ii. 20 Cape carts, driven by Malays and *Cape boys, rattled up and down the streets in numbers. 1896F. C. Selous Sunshine & Storm 59 This force was, however, augmented by about 150 Cape boys, chiefly Amaxosa Kafirs and Zulus.
1877M. A. Barker Year's Housek. S. Afr. i. 17 It was decided that I ought to take a drive in a *Cape cart. 1881Statham Blacks, Boers, & Brit. 53 Do you know what a Cape cart is? It is a peculiar, but pleasant, institution—something like what was once in England called a ‘Whitechapel’. 1910J. Buchan Prester John vii, The half-caste who called him ‘Sir’ and drove his Cape-cart.
1880A. Giberne Sun, Moon & S. 269 The famous Magellanic Clouds in the southern heavens. Sometimes they are called the *Cape Clouds.
1910F. W. Fitzsimons Snakes S. Africa vi. 74 The *Cape Cobra (Naia flava). Geel Slang, Bruin Slang, Spung Slang. The Cape Cobra is by far the commonest species of Cobra inhabiting South Africa. 1959Cape Argus 31 Oct. 9/7 Cape cobras and puffadders provide most of the venom.
1897Milner Papers (1931) iii. 89 The better treatment of *Cape Coloured people. 1927W. M. Macmillan Cape Colour Question iii. 29 The great mixed mass, descended from Hottentots, slaves, and Europeans, but forming now one distinct class, whom we describe as ‘Cape Coloured’. 1938N. Devitt Spell of S. Afr. xxi. 176 She jerks her body in a half-contemptuous shake, a common gesture among Cape coloureds of her class. 1943Cape Argus 30 Jan. 7 Complaints and suggestions affecting the welfare of the Cape Coloured. 196020th Cent. Sept. 284 Kenneth Makeer..is a Cape Coloured, light enough in complexion to pass as white.
1861Lady Duff Gordon Let. 19 Oct. (1875) 213 It portends a ‘south-easter’... This wind..is the *Cape doctor, and keeps away cholera, fevers [etc.]. 1890A. Martin Home Life on Ostrich F. 15 That rough but benevolent south-east wind, which, owing to its kindly property of sweeping away the germs of disease, is called ‘the Cape doctor’. 1966Listener 18 Aug. 237/2 The Cape south-easter was blowing—the wind they call the Cape doctor because it blows the rubbish from the streets.
1826New Monthly Mag. ii. 488 The *Cape Dutch..possess many estimable qualities. 1850Appleyard Kafir Lang. 11 A grammar, [with] ‘Proeve van Kaapsch Taaleigen’, where the peculiarities of Cape-Dutch usage are exposed. 1852Punch 3 July 19/1 They've christened me Zekoe—that's Cape Dutch for Sea-Cow! 1944Archit. Rev. XCVI. 97/1 The ‘Cape Dutch’ style in town and farm building.
1833W. F. W. Owen Voyages II. xix. 238 The physalis (*Cape gooseberry, or winter cherry) is here..a most delicious fruit. 1840[see winter cherry 1]. 1870Cape Monthly Mag. Oct. 218, I prefer the preserved Cape gooseberry to everything I have tasted. 1880‘Silver & Co.’ S. Africa (ed. 3) 140 The Cape Gooseberry is a species of winter cherry.
1775Dalrymple in Phil. Trans. LXVIII. 408 An uncommon birdlike *Cape hen.
1760Ellis ibid. LI. 932 The *Cape Jasmine..is the most rare and beautiful shrub, that has yet been introduced into the European gardens.
a1776J. Schaw Jrnl. Lady of Quality (1921) 246 While we were admiring a row of *cape jessamine, which even now is covered with flowers. 1804J. Barrow Trav. S. Afr. 1797–8 II. 82 The Gardenia Thunbergia, or the wild Cape Jessamine. 1858T. Vielé Following the Drum 58 Cape jessamine hedges.
1793tr. Thunberg's Trav. I. 240 The *Cape lobster (Cancer arctos)..has no large claws, and is craggy all over. 1902H. J. Duckitt Hilda's Diary Cape Housekeeper 47 ‘Crayfish’, or ‘Kreeft’, is also plentiful all through the summer. We also call it ‘Cape lobster’. 1913W. W. Thompson Sea Fisheries Cape Col. ii. 51 The ‘Cape lobster’, as it [sc. the crawfish] is sometimes called.
1798S. H. Wilcocke tr. Stavorinus' Voyages II. 31 We saw..the birds called ‘*cape-pigeons’. 1858Merc. Mar. Mag. V. 290 Albatrosses and Cape Pigeons about.
1867E. L. Layard Birds S. Afr. 132 Bessonornis Phoenicurus..is the *Cape ‘robin’. 1913C. Pettman Africanderisms 114 Cape robin.—Cossypha caffra, a bird that resembles the English robin somewhat, but is without the red breast.
1846H. H. Methuen Life in Wilderness i. 17 The *cape salmon, a heavy fish, in size and in external aspect somewhat resembling its British namesake. 1865Hardwicke's Science-Gossip 64/2 Cape Salmon.—Under this name the ‘Geelbeck’..has been eulogized... Why call it Cape Salmon? 1906[see kabeljou].
1846H. H. Methuen Life in Wilderness viii. 232 Revelling in the luxuries of *Cape smoke, or brandy, and sheep-tail fat. a1871J. Goldswain Chron. (1946) I. 36, I did not stop at this place Long for thear was to much Cape Smoke. 1954‘D. Divine’ Golden Fool v. 47 It was a better brandy than the Cape Smoke most of them drank.
1936E. L. Gill First Guide S. Afr. Bird 21 *Cape Sparrow, Mossie, a very common bird about Cape Town and up the west coast region, and thence across the Karroo and High Veld. 1952Cape Times 8 Nov. (Week-end Mag.) 6/5 What a handsome fellow the cock Cape sparrow is.
1798A. Barnard Let. 6 June in S. Africa a Century Ago (1901) viii. 157 Of course, it was a *Cape waggon; any other sort..is impossible..for such an excursion. 1837J. E. Alexander Narr. Voy. Observ. xiv. 348 It is quite astonishing to a stranger what severe work Cape wagons undergo without injury. 1850R. G. Cumming Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. ii. 22 The Cape waggon is a large and powerful, yet loosely-constructed vehicle, running on four wheels.
1877Trans. N.Z. Inst. X. 367 The *Cape weed, which is plentiful in Auckland. 1884W. R. Guilfoyle Austral. Bot. (ed. 2) 107 Cape Weed, Cryptostemma calendulacea. (Natural Order, Compositæ). This weed, which has proved such a pest in many parts of Victoria, was introduced from the Cape of Good Hope, as a fodder plant. 1933L. G. D. Acland in Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) 23 Sept. 13/7 Cape Weed, Hypochaeris radicator. The English catsear is always so called in Canterbury. 1965Austral. Encycl. II. 261/2 Capeweed is now so common on good pasture land..that the whole countryside may become a sea of yellow during late spring.
1797Holcroft Stolberg's Trav. III. lxxxiv. (ed. 2) 351, I have seen it drunk..for red *Cape wine.
b. attrib. and in comb. in other senses; as cape-wise adv.
1849Thoreau Week Concord Riv. 207 I jutted over the stream cape-wise.
▪ IV. † cape, n.4 Old Law.
[a. OF. cape n. fem., ad. L. cape imperat. of capĕre to take.]
A judicial writ (now abolished) relative to a plea of lands or tenements; so named from its first word. Divided into cape magnum, or the grand cape, and cape parvum, or petit cape.
[1292Britton iii. i. §4 A respouns par le graunt Cape et par le petit. transl. To answer by the great and little Cape.] 1588Fraunce Lawiers Log. i. xii. 55 Replevyne of land upon a grand cape in olde time. 1641Termes de la Ley s.v., Grand Cape lyeth before apparance, and petit Cape after..By the grand Cape the tenant is summoned to answer to the default, and over to the demandant: Petit Cape summoneth the tenant to answer to the default onely. 1706in Phillips.
▪ V. † cape, n.5 Obs. exc. dial.
[var. of cap (see 10 b). Cf. also cope, copestone.]
Top.
1650Howell Giraffi's Rev. Naples 22 To negotiate with the cape leaders of the people. 1796W. Marshall Yorksh. (ed. 2) I. 203 Setting the plants behind the ‘cape-sod’, or first-turned spit. 1812H. E. Strickland Agric. E. Riding 99 Turning the cape-sod, and planting the quickwood.
▪ VI. † cape, v.1 Naut. Obs.
Also 5–7 cap.
[app. more or less directly, f. F. cap cape, also ‘the forepart of a ship, in relation to the direction which it is following, as ‘porter le cap au nord’’ (Littré).]
intr. To head, keep a course, bear up; to drift. Said of sailors and of ship.
c1500Dunbar in Maitland Poems 133 (Jam.) That ye man cap be wind and waw. 1513Douglas æneis ii. viii. 125 The port quham to we cappit was full large. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 124 Sum with ane torss la capand on the wynd. 1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. ix. 41 Experience to try her drift, or how she capes. 1730–6Bailey, Cap..used of a ship, in the Trials of the running or setting of currents. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s.v., How does she cape? How does she lie her course?
Hence, ˈcaping vbl. n.
1594Davis Seaman's Secrets (1607) 40 The ship..may make her way 2 or 3 points from her caping.
▪ VII. † cape, v.2 Obs.
[a. mod.Du. kapen to take, pilfer, plunder; te kaap varen to go a privateering: see caper n.3 Cf. also cap v.2: but it is uncertain whether there is any original connexion.]
To take or seize as a privateer; also, to go a privateering. Hence caped ppl. a., ˈcaping vbl. n.
1676Row Supp. Blair's Autobiog. xi. (1848) 489 Some of our grandees get much by their caping. 1721Wodrow Hist. Ch. Scotl. I. 220 (Jam.) Some private persons made themselves rich by caping or privateering upon the Dutch. 1759Fountainhall Decisions I. 80 (Jam.) The buyers of caped goods in England are not liable in restitution.
▪ VIII. cape, v.3
var. of kep to catch.
a1802Lanckin x. in Child Ballads iv. 332/2 A bason..To cape this ladie's blood.
▪ IX. cape
Sc. f. cope; occas. var. cap n. |