| 释义 |
▪ I. cess, n.1|sɛs|
Also sesse.
[The etymological spelling is sess, aphetic f. assess n. in same sense: the spelling cess, due app. to mistaken notion of the etymology, has been more or less established in some senses.]
1. An assessment, tax, or levy: in various spec. applications.
a. A rate levied by local authority and for local purposes. Now superseded in general English use by rate, but frequent dial.; in Ireland it is still the official term. church cess: see quot. 1868.
1531Act 22 Hen. VIII, c. 3 §1 Diuers and sundry Cesses, Scots, and Taxes. 1580North Plutarch (1676) 73 To appoint..what time the Sess should continue. 1642Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 104 Received more for a cease of 2d. pound, 19s. 1d. 0b. a1745Swift Wks. (1841) II. 49 Unless when the parish cess was gathered. 1827Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) III. xviii. 374 A cess or permanent composition for every plough-land. 1847Barham Ingol. Leg. (1877) 206 There's the rent and the rates and the sesses. 1851H. Martineau Hist. Peace (1877) III. iv. ix. 35 The Tories were disposed to uphold the dues of the Church, even to the last penny of Church-cess. 1863Possibil. Creation 93 We have our world lit up regularly without any lamp cess being levied. 1868Pall Mall G. 29 June 3/1 The Act of the 3 and 4 Will. IV, c. 37..abolished..the church vestry cess, as church rates in Ireland were then called. 1877Holderness Gloss. (E.D.S.) Cess, a parochial or municipal rate.
b. Scotland. The land tax.
1662Sc. Acts (1820) VII. 409 Act in favour of [the Earls of Queensberry and Annandale] for payment of a moneths Cesse advanced by them for the Shire of Dumfreis. 1678Ibid. VIII. 221 1701 J. Law Counc. Trade 133 All extraordinary taxes as cess, pole, hearth-money, and such like grievous and unequal dutys. 1702Lond. Gaz. No. 3824/2 An Act [Scotland] for a Supply of Ten Months and half's Cess upon Land-Rents, received the Royal Assent. c1706in Sc. Pasquils (1868) 388 From paying us our Darien Costs, By laying on cess, and new imposts. 1746–7Act 20 Geo. II, c. 50 §2 Their respective proportions of His Majesty's cess or land tax.
c. India. A tax levied for a specific object; often with prefixed word defining the object.
1818Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. i. 309 With regard to the cesses or arbitrary taxes. 1841Elphinstone Hist. Ind. 133 Various taxes and cesses, some falling directly on the land, and others more or less circuitously affecting the cultivator. 1883Contemp. Rev. Oct. 584 Imposing additional taxes..such as the road cess, the irrigation cess, the public works cess, and the education cess.
†2. Ireland. The obligation to supply the soldiers and the household of the lord deputy with provisions at prices ‘assessed’ or fixed by government; hence loosely used for military exactions generally. Obs. exc. Hist.
1571Campion Hist. Ireland ii. x. (1633) 126 With sesse and souldiours. 1586J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 144/2 Cesse is..a prerogatiue of the prince, to impose vpon the countrie a certeine proportion of all kind of vittels for men and horsse, to be deliuered at a reasonable price called the queen's price, to all and euerie such souldiors as she is contented to be at charge withall, and so much as is thought competent for the lord deputies house. 1596Spenser State Irel. 56. 1612 Davies Why Ireland, &c. (1787) 20 By their continual cess and extortion [p. 159 sess of soldiers]. 1628tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. ii. (1688) 219 Ceass..is an Exaction of Victuals at a certain Rate or Price..for the Maintenance of the Lord Deputie's Houshold and Garrison-souldiers. 1809Tomlins Law Dict., Cesse or cease in Ireland..for soldiers in garrison.
†3. Assessment, valuation, estimation. In phrase out of all cesse. Obs.
1588Marprel. Epit. 49 This..ouerthroweth the puritans out of all cesse. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. i. 8 The poore Iade is wrung in the withers, out of all cesse.
4. Comb., as cess-gatherer, cess-payer; cess-tax = 2.
1877E. Peacock N.-W. Linc. Gloss. (E.D.S.) Cess-getherer, one who gathers a local tax. ‘John Lockwood, th' cess-getherer's been for th' Court o' Sewers rate.’ 1880Edin. Rev. Jan. 135 (Ireland) The associated cess-payers are not chosen by election. 1882J. Taylor Sc. Covenanters 180 Renwick was brought to trial for teaching that it was unlawful to pay the cess-tax.
▪ II. † cess, n.2 Obs.
= decease, q.v.
1419Will of Thomas (Somerset Ho.) After þe cesse of her.
▪ III. † cess, n.3 Obs.
[var. of cease: cf. cess v.2]
1. Cessation, interruption.
1703De Foe Orig. Power People Misc. 135 If Power at any time meets with a Cess, if Government and Thrones become Vacant, to this Original all Power..returns.
2. = cesser 3.
1689Proposals in 7th Coll. Papers Pres. Juncture of Affairs 1 This is a Cess of that nature that requires a Judgment to be made upon it.
▪ IV. † cess, n.4 Obs. exc. dial.
[Etymology uncertain.]
1. A peat-bog; also a piece of peat, a turf.
1636R. James Iter Lanc. 308 Y⊇ deepe Lowe spongie mosses yet remembrance keepe Of Noah's flood: on numbers infinite Of firre trees swaines doe in their cesses light. 1847Jrnl. Agric. Soc. VIII. i. 100 This substance..is dug and dried into small sods called ‘turfs’ or ‘cesses’ for fuel.
2. ‘A space of ground lying between a drain or river and the foot of its bank’ (E. Peacock N.-W. Linc. Gloss., E.D.S.); a haugh.
b. ‘The foreshore of a drain or river’ (Ibid.).
1874Ancholme Navigation Notice in E. Peacock N.-W. Linc. Gloss. s.v., The occupiers of the land adjoining the cesses of the Navigation..are authorized to discharge all persons trespassing thereon.
▪ V. cess, n.5 Anglo-Irish.|sɛs|
[? for success, or from cess1 sense 2.]
In phrase bad cess to = ‘bad luck to, evil befall’.
1859Punch 17 Dec. Carlisle and Russell—bad cess to their clan! 1860S. Lover Leg. & Stories (ed. 10) 313 Bad cess to you, can't you say what you're bid.
▪ VI. † cess, v.1 Obs. exc. Hist.|sɛs|
Also 5–8 sess, 6 cease, ceasse.
[Etymologically spelt sess, aphetic f. assess; see cess n.1]
1. trans. To determine the amount of (a tax, fine, or contribution; also of rent, and the prices at which articles are to be sold); = assess v. 1.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccclxxxvii. 663 As soone as the kyng was departed fro Paris, the commons rose in harnesse, and slewe all those that had ceassed the aydes. 1531–2Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 4 §5 The same rates and prices to be named and cessed by them and euery of them by their discrecions. c1590in Secr. Mem. Earl Leicester (1706) 74 Compelling the tenant to pay him new rent & what he cesseth. c1613Social Condit. People Anglesey (1860) 21 In some parts of the countrey, this mite was never cessed; in other parts it was cessed, but never leavied. 1764R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 73 To sess, tax, and limit upon every such obstinate person, what sum the said person shall pay weekly.
2. To impose (taxation, a fine, etc.) upon (a person or community); = assess v. 2.
1495Act 11 Hen. VII, iv, Suche fynes and amerciamentis as upon them shalbe cessid. 1612in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 171 Diverse fynes and Amerciaments cessed upon him in Mr. Maior's Court.
3. Ireland. To impose (soldiers) upon a community who are to support them at a fixed rate.
1612Davies Why Ireland, &c. (1787) 142 There was no means to maintain the army but by cessing the soldiers upon the subject, as the Irish were wont to impose their bonaught. 1880Burton Reign Q. Anne II. xvii. 178 None..shall cosher, lodge, or cess themselves upon the inhabitants.
4. To subject (a person, community, or property) to a contribution, tax, or fine; to rate, to tax; = assess v. 3. Also (Ireland) To subject to military exactions or requisitions; cf. cess n.1 2.
1494Fabyan vii. 344 He prysonyd theym, and after sessyd theym at greuouse fynys. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ci. 121 Yf I wolde sore cease you, ye shulde pay me xxx. or xl. M. scutes. Ibid. I. ccclxxxvii. 664 With their owne good wylles they ceased theymselfe to paye wekely a tenne thousande florence. 1609B. Jonson Sil. Wom. iv. ii, A man of two thousand a-year is not cess'd at so many weapons as he has on. 1652T. May Old Couple in Dodsley (1780) X. 504, I shall be..sess'd More to the poor. 1738Hist. View Crt. Excheq. ii. 21 If he did not come at all, then he was cessed for all the Lands he held. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. II. vii. (L.) The English garrisons cessed and pillaged the farmers of Meath and Dublin.
5. To estimate officially the taxable value of (property, land, etc.); to rate; = assess v. 4.
1598Stow Surv. xv. (1603) 130 To the fifteene it is cessed at foure pound ten shillings.
▪ VII. † cess, v.2 Obs.
Also 6 sese.
[Variant of cease v.; after special senses of OF. cesser.]
1. intr. To cease to perform a legal duty: cf. cessavit.
1555Perkins Prof. Bk. v. §374 (1642) 162 If there bee Lord Mesne and Tenant and the Tenant doth cesse. Ibid. §389. 168 If..the Tenant take a wife and afterwards cesseth. 1670Blount Law Dict. s.v. Cessor, Where it is said the Tenant cesseth..the Tenant ceaseth to do what he ought. 1741T. Robinson Gavelkind ii. vi. 253 If a Tenant cessed to pay his Rent for two Years.
2. trans. To cede, give up, surrender.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxii. 259 They [are] to transport, cesse, and leaue eche kyng to other perpetuelly, al the right that they ought to haue in all these sayd thynges. Ibid. 258 We transport and sese all the right that we might have in any of these thynges. |