| 释义 |
calkin|ˈkɔːkɪn, ˈkælkɪn|
Forms: (5 kakun), 6 calkyn, 7 cawkin, 7– calkin, calking.
[Possibly going back to a ME. *calkain, a. OF. calcain heel:—L. calcāneum heel; but the earliest form kakun agrees with the Du. kalkoen, MDu. calcoen ‘ungula,’ f. L. calx. Some orthoepists treat (ˈkɔːkɪn) as only a vulgar or colloquial pronunciation, but others know no other.]
1. The turned-down ends of a horse-shoe which raise the horse's heels from the ground; also a turned edge under the front of the shoe; applied esp. to these parts when sharpened in a frost.
1445O. Bokenham Female Saints (1683) 223 Tweyn hors..Of wych the toon hym greuously boot, And wyth hys kakun the tother hym smoot. 1587Holinshed Scot. Chron. U iij b, Causyng a smyth to shoe three horses for him contrarily, with the calkyns forward. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 322 Little gravel stones getting betwixt the hoof, or calking, or spunge of the [horse's] shooe. 1610Markham Masterp. ii. xcvii. 387 Let your [horse-]shooes behinde haue a cawkin on the out-side. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. I. s.v. Bleymes, Calkings spoil the Feet of a Horse. 1868Regul. & Ord. Army ⁋1214 The calkins of the hind shoes are to be removed, as these are not needed on board.
2. The irons nailed on the heels and soles of strong shoes or clogs to make them wear longer.
1832Southey Lett. (1856) IV. 314 The price of men's clogs is five shillings..This price includes calking, i.e. the iron-work. |