| 释义 |
▪ I. cabbage, n.1|ˈkæbɪdʒ|
Forms: 5 caboche, cabache, 5–6 cabage, 6 cabbysshe, cabish, 6–7 cabidge, 7 cabige, cabadge, cabbadge, cabbach, cabbish, 7– cabbage.
[ME. caboche, a. F. caboche head (in the Channel Islands ‘cabbage’) = It. capocchia, a derivative of It. capo:—L. caput head. But the actual Fr. name is choux cabus, lit. ‘great-headed cole, cabbage cole’: F. cabus, fem. cabusse = It. capuccio:—L. type *capūceum, *capūteum, f. caput head.
Cf. also Du. kabuis(-kool) cabbage(-cole), f. F. cabus: OHG. chabuȥ, chapuȥ, MHG. kappaȥ, kappûs, kabeȥ, mod.G. kappes, kappus ‘cabbage’, is taken by Grimm and Kluge as a direct adoption of L. caput itself, though no use of this in the required sense is known. It is possible that the Eng. cabbage-cole was really an adaptation of the Du. kabuis-kool influenced by F. caboche.]
1. a. A well-known culinary vegetable: a plane-leaved cultivated variety of Brassica oleracea, the unexpanded leaves of which form a compact globular heart or head. Originally the ‘cabbage’ was the head thus formed (cf. cabbage-head in 5), the plant being apparently called cabbage-cole or colewort; now the name ‘cabbage’ is sometimes extended to the whole species or genus, whether hearting or not, as in Savoy cabbage, wild cabbage, Isle of Man cabbage (Brassica Monensis).
c1440Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 426 Take cabaches and cut hom on foure..and let hit boyle. 1495Caxton Vitas Patr. 118 He laboured the gardins, sewe the seedes for cabochis, and colewortes. 1570Levins Manip. 11 A cabage, herbe. 1580Baret Alv. Cabage, or colewoort, brassica. Cabage, or cole cabege, brassica capitata. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 373 As little agreement..as is betwixt the Vine and the Cabish. 1598Shakes. Merry W. i. i. 124 Good worts? good Cabidge. 1620Venner Via Recta vii. 135 The great, hard, and compacted heads of Cole, commonly called Cabbage. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia vi. 220 Those that sow..Carrats, Cabidge, and such like. 1658Sir T. Browne Hydriot. Ded., Cato seemed to dote upon Cabbadge. 1670G. H. Hist. Cardinals iii. iii. 307 They..knew how to save both their Goat and their Cabbadge. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 64/2 The Colewort is the same to the Cabbach. 1699Evelyn Acetaria §11 'Tis scarce a hundred years since we first had cabbages out of Holland. 1719Loudon & Wise Compl. Gard. 199 Pancaliers, or Millan-Cabbages, which produce small headed Cabbages for Winter. 1852Hawthorne Blithedale Rom. vii. (1885) 79 Unless it be a Savoy cabbage. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 243 Cabbages or any other vegetables which are fit for boiling.
b. As a term of endearment: my cabbage [tr. F. mon chou], my dear, darling.
1840Thackeray Miscellanies (1855) I. 488 Oui, mon chou, mon ange; yase, my angel, my cabbage, quite right. 1896C. M. Yonge Release i. vii. 71 ‘Ah, my dear little cabbage,’ she began, ‘I fear they will never forgive you!’ 1924J. M. Barrie Mary Rose 1, This wasn't the drawing-room, my cabbage; at least not in my time. 1968‘J. T. McIntosh’ Take a Pair of Private Eyes iii. 41 Ambrose drew her close and murmured menacingly: ‘But I'm completely merciless, my little French cabbage.’
c. = chou 2. Also attrib.
1888Daily News 21 Sept. 5/6 A large ‘cabbage’ bow of surah in the same colour. 1895Ibid. 19 Oct. 6/3 The toque worn with this had a large green velvet ‘cabbage’ at either side. 1896Ibid. 14 Nov. 6/5 Folds of black satin, held down by ‘cabbage’ knots. 1899Ibid. 3 June 8/3 The inevitable chou, or cabbage-bow, of black or dark green velvet.
d. fig. = cabbage-head. So cabbage-looking adj., stupid, ‘green’.
1870‘Mark Twain’ Writings (1922) VII. 1 All this human cabbage could see was that the watch was four minutes slow. 1898Westm. Gaz. 3 Nov. 4/1, I said I knew 'ow many beans made 5..and if I wor cabbage-looking I woren't green. 1922Joyce Ulysses 307 Gob, he's not as green as he's cabbagelooking. 1928R. Campbell Wayzgoose i. 9 What wonder if..any cabbage win the critics' praise Who wears his own green leaves instead of bays! 1969Guardian 5 Mar. 7/3, I stayed at home for nearly a year. It was awful. I became a cabbage.
e. Money. slang (chiefly N. Amer.).
1926J. Black You can't Win xv. 213 ‘You carry this head of cabbage, Kid,’ passing me a pack of greenbacks. 1960Observer 24 Jan. 5/1 The white, crinkle, cabbage, poppy, lolly, in other words cash.
2. Transferred with epithets to various other plants: Arkansas cabbage, Streplanthus obtusifolius; Chinese cabbage, Brassica chinensis; dog's c., Thelygonum Cynocrambe, a succulent herb of the Mediterranean; Kerguelen's Land c., Pringlea antiscorbutica; meadow or skunk c., Symplocarpus fœtidus, a North American plant with a garlic odour; St. Patrick's c. = London Pride; sea cabbage = sea kale, Crambe maritima; sea-otter's c., a remarkable sea-weed, Nereocystis, found in the North Pacific. (Treas. Bot., and Miller Eng. Names of Plants.)
3. The tender unexpanded centre or terminal bud of palm trees, which is in most species edible, and is often eaten, though its removal kills the tree. See cabbage-tree.
1638T. Verney in Verney Papers (1853) 195 Cabiges, that grows on trees, some an hundred foot high. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. 166 The Cabbage itself when it is taken out of the Leaves..is as white as Milk, and as sweet as a Nut if eaten raw. 1756P. Browne Jamaica (1789) 342 The Coco-Nut Tree..The tender shoots at the top afford a pleasant green or cabbage. 1832Veg. Subst. Food 175 The cabbage..is white..two feet long..thick as a man's arm. 1860Tennent Ceylon I. 109 note, The cabbage, or cluster of unexpanded leaves, for pickles and preserves.
†4. The burr whence spring the horns of a deer; also = cabaging.
c1550Lacy Bucke's Test., My cabage I wyll the hounde for strife. 1611Cotgr., Meule..the cabbadge of a Deeres head.
5. Comb.a. Simple: of cabbage or cabbages, as cabbage-bed, cabbage-blade, cabbage-eater, cabbage-flower, cabbage-garden, cabbage-garth, cabbage-ground, cabbage-grower, cabbage-leaf, cabbage-patch (also fig.), cabbage-seed, cabbage-stalk, cabbage-stock, cabbage-stump; like a cabbage in shape, as † cabbage-ruff, † cabbage-shoe-string.
b. Special, as cabbage bark, the narcotic and anthelmintic bark of the cabbage-bark tree or cabbage-tree, Andira inermis (family Leguminosæ); cabbage beetle = cabbage flea; cabbage butterfly, the Large White butterfly of English gardens and fields, Pieris Brassicæ, sometimes also the Small White (P. Rapæ); cabbage-cole = cabbage 1; cabbage-daisy, a local name of the Globe-flower (Trollius); cabbage-flea, a minute leaping beetle, Haltica consobrina, the larvæ of which destroy cabbage plants; cabbage-fly, a two-winged fly (Anthomyia Brassicæ), the grubs of which destroy the roots of cabbage; cabbage-head, the head formed by the unexpanded leaves of a cabbage; also fig. a brainless fellow, a thickhead; cabbage-leaf hat = cabbage-tree hat (see cabbage-tree 3); cabbage-lettuce, a variety of lettuce, with leaves forming a cabbage-like head; cabbage-moth, one of the Noctuina (Mamestra Brassicæ), the caterpillar of which infests the cabbage; cabbage-net, a small net to boil cabbage in; cabbage-palm, (a) Areca oleracea, a native of the West Indies, etc.: see cabbage-tree; (b) = next; cabbage palm-tree Austral. = cabbage-tree 1 e; cabbage-palmetto, the West Indian cabbage-tree; cabbage-plant, a young plant or seedling of the cabbage; cabbage-rose, a double red rose, with large round compact flower (Rosa centifolia); cabbage-wood, (a) the wood of the cabbage-tree, (b) Eriodendron anfractuosum, a tree related to Bombax; cabbage-worm, any larva which devours cabbage, esp. that of the Large White butterfly, called in Scotland kailworm; also the cabbage-tree worm.
1777Wright in Phil. Trans. LXVII. 507 The *Cabbage-bark tree, or Worm-bark tree, grows in..Jamaica. Ibid. 508 Fresh cabbage-bark tastes mucilaginous. 1866Treas. Bot. 63 The bark is known as Bastard Cabbage Bark or Worm Bark; its use is now obsolete.
1816Jane Austen Emma III. vi. 84 *Cabbage-beds would have been enough to tempt the lady.
1816Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1843) II. 383 The larva of the *cabbage-butterfly (Pontia Brassicæ). 1848Proc. Berw. Nat. Club II. No. 6. 328 The caterpillar of the Common White Cabbage Butterfly..is often injurious to the Swedish..turnip. 1865Intell. Observ. No. 47. 396 The small white cabbage-butterfly (Pieris Rapæ).
1579Langham Gard. Health (1633) 151 *Cabbage cole boyled, is very good with beefe. 1620Venner Via Recta vii. 135 Coleworts or Cole are much vsed to be eaten, especially the Cabbage-Cole.
1861Mrs. Lankester Wild Flowers 20 Globe-flower..In Scotland..called Lucken Gowan, or *Cabbage-daisy.
1882Garden 4 Mar. 147/1 The root-eating fly, or *Cabbage fly.
1790Burke Fr. Rev. 224 The tenant-right of a *cabbage-garden..the very shadow of a constructive property. 1887J. K. Laughton in Dict. Nat. Biog. IX. 435/2 During Smith O'Brien's ‘cabbage-garden’ rebellion.
1863N. & Q. Ser. iii. III. 344 The old ‘Shandy’ garden..is staked out into three *cabbage-garths.
1884Athenæum 6 Dec. 725/2 The eyes of those poor *cabbage-growers down there.
1682A. Behn False Count (1724) III. 146 Thou foul filthy *cabbage-head. 1865Nation (N.Y.) I. 369 We hear persons whose talents are rather of the solid than the brilliant order familiarly spoken of as ‘cabbage heads’. 1880J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers ii. 164 When all's come an' past, The kebbige-heads'll cair the day et last.
1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 194/1 The green Caterpiller worm..feeds on *Cabbish-leaves. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) I. iii. xlii. 196 They also use..a cabbage-leaf under their hats. 1849Lytton Caxtons III. xvii. i. 199 A cabbage-leaf hat shading a face rarely seen in the Bush.
1562Turner Herbal ii. 26 a, Called..*Cabbage lettes, because it goeth all into one heade, as cabbage cole dothe. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece i. ii. 175 The largest and hardest Cabbage-Lettuce you can get.
1848Proc. Berw. Nat. Club II. No. 6. 329 Caterpillars of..the *Cabbage Moth.
1721C. King Brit. Merch. II. 136 The Unshorn Dozens, the *Cabbage-Net Bays, and other sorry Woollen Manufactures of the French Nation. 1742Shenstone Schoolmistr. xxxiii. 291 Apples with Cabbage-net y' cover'd o'er. 1833Marryat P. Simple xiv, Officers who boil their 'tators in a cabbage-net hanging in the ship's coppers.
1772–84Cook Voy. (1790) I. 199 A few plants, gathered from the *cabbage-palm, which had been mistaken for the cocoa-tree. 1847Leichhardt Jrnl. iii. 72 My companions suffered by eating too much of the cabbage-palm. 1852Mundy Antipodes III. ii. 46 The cabbage palm-tree..[is] becoming scarce. 1853Th. Ross Humboldt's Trav. III. xxx. 211 The cylinders of palmetto, improperly called ‘the cabbage palm’, three feet long, and five to six inches thick.
1802J. Drayton S. Carolina 66 *Cabbage palmetto. 1850Rep. Comm. Patents 1849 (U.S.) 250 Adaptation of the branches of the cabbage palmetto tree to the manufacture of brooms.
1862R. H. Newell Orpheus C. Kerr Papers I. 227 How often does man, after making something his particular forte, discover at last that it is only a *cabbage-patch. 1923Cabbage patch [see beyondness]. 1923W. J. Locke Moordius & Co. xv. 201 Moordius spoke as one does to a child doubtful of the stork or cabbage-patch theory of babies.
1646Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 193 Plant forth your *Cabbage-Plants. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece ii. iii. 355 Transplant some Cabbage-plants of the Sugar-loaf kind.
1795Wolcott (P. Pindar) Pindariana Wks. 1812 IV. 183 With *Cabbage-roses loaded, glaring, vast. 1838Visitor, The cabbage rose has been known as the hundred-leaved rose since the time of Pliny.
1613Rowlands Four Knaves, Paire of Spy, His *cabage ruffe, of the outrageouse size, Starched in colour to beholders eyes.
1751J. Eliot Field-Husb. (1760) iii. 51 Millet..is a small grain..of the bigness of Turnip or *Cabbage Seed. 1840J. C. Loudon Cottager's Man. 44 When the first cabbage-seed is sown.
1613Rowlands Four Knaves, Paire of Spy (1843) 48 Let us have standing collers, in the fashion..great *cabbage-shooestrings, (pray you bigge enough).
1844Disraeli Coningsby v. iii, The interruption of a *cabbage-stalk was represented as a question from some intelligent individual in the crowd.
1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 339, I picked out of the gutter, and eat like a dog—orange-peel and old *cabbage-stumps.
1843W. Waterston Cycl. Commerce v, *Cabbagewood..is sometimes used in ornamental furniture. 1885A. B. Ellis W. Afr. Isl. i. 9 Tree-ferns and cabbage-wood grow luxuriantly on the main ridge of mountains [in St. Helena].
1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 204/1 The *Cabbach or Lettice Worm..turns into a Butter-fly all white.
▸ cabbage maggot n. the larva of the cabbage root fly, a small white maggot that feeds in the root and stem of the cabbage; (also U.S.) the adult insect, the cabbage root fly.
1869A. S. Packard Guide Study Insects 411 The *Cabbage maggot, the larva of A[nthomyia]brassicæ Bouché, a common fly in Europe, has been found in Michigan to be injurious to the cabbage. 1944R. Matheson Entomol. for Introd. Courses xvii. 423 The cabbage maggot (Hylemyia brassicae) is a serious pest on cabbages. 2003Jrnl. Entomol. Sci. 38 525 Water-pan traps in the field indicated four generations..of cabbage maggot adults, Delia radicum (L.), in upstate New York.
▸ cabbage root fly n. a fly, Delia radicum (also known as Hylemya brassicae; family Anthomyiidae), resembling the housefly in appearance, whose larvae are a serious pest of cabbages and other plants of the family Brassicaceae.
1916F. R. Petherbridge Fungoid & Insect Pests of Farm 140 There are several flies whose maggots attack the roots of cabbage and allied plants, but a description of the *cabbage root fly (Phorbia brassicae), which is the commonest, will serve to show the method of attack and how to deal with it. 1959A. Beaumont Dis. Farm Crops ix. 113 All these crops are susceptible to cabbage root fly damage and it is an advantage to combine root fly and club root control measures in the one operation. 1999Earth Matters (Friends of the Earth) Summer 27/1 Surround each cabbage with old carpet to keep off cabbage root fly.
▪ II. cabbage, n.2|ˈkæbɪdʒ|
[This and the accompanying cabbage v.2 appear in the 17th c. Herrick (1648) uses garbage and carbage, apparently for ‘shreds and patches used as padding’. If this was a genuine use at the time, carbage may easily have been further corrupted to cabbage.
Herrick Hesper. (Hazl.) I. 79 Upon some Women, Pieces, patches, ropes of haire, In-laid garbage ev'rywhere. II. 325 Upon Lupes, His credit cannot get the inward carbage for his cloathes as yet.
(Among other guesses as to its origin, are that it is, in some unexplained way, identical with cabbage n.1; or to be referred to OF. cabuse imposture, trick, cabuser to deceive, cheat; or to F. cabas rush-basket, Sp. cabacho, also OF. cabas cheating, theft, F. cabasser to pack up, to cheat, steal, cabasseur deceiver, thief; but evidence is wanting.)]
1. Shreds (or larger pieces) of cloth cut off by tailors in the process of cutting out clothes, and appropriated by them as a perquisite.
1663Hudibras (Spurious) ii. 56 (L.) For as tailors preserve their cabbage, So squires take care of bag and baggage. 1719D'Urfey Pills (1872) IV. 50 The Taylor we know he is loth To take any Cabbage at all. 1812Southey Omniana II. 37 Those philosophers who have a taylorlike propensity for cabbage. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. iii. xi, Living on Cabbage.
†2. slang. A tailor. Obs.
1690B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Cabbage, a Taylor, and what they pinch from the Cloaths they make up. 1708Motteux Rabelais iv. lii. (1737) 212 Poor Cabbage's Hair grows through his Hood. 1725New Cant. Dict., Cabbage; Taylors are so called, because of their..Love of that Vegetable. The Cloth they steal and purloin..is also called Cabbage.
3. Schoolboy slang. A ‘crib’ or key whence a pupil surreptitiously copies his exercise; a ‘cab’.
▪ III. † ˈcabbage, n.3 Obs. rare.
Also 6 cabage.
[app. related to cabin n. (caban, cabane, cabbin), in sense ‘den or lair of a beast’.]
A den or lair.
1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 92 He hath his cabbage in the yearth with two contrary wayes vndermined to enter into it, or to run out of it at his pleasure: verie wide at the comming in, but as narrow and straight about the mid cabbage. 1570Levins Manip. 11 A cabage, bedde, stega.
▪ IV. ˈcabbage, v.1
[f. cabbage n.1; or ad. F. cabusser ‘to cabbadge, to grow to a head’ (Cotgr.).]
†1. intr.
a. To grow or come to a head, as the horns of a deer. Obs.
a1528Skelton Sp. Parrot 481 So bygge a bulke of brow auntlers cabagyd that yere.
b. To form a head, as a cabbage or lettuce.
1601Holland Pliny xix. viii. II. 25 To make them cabbage the better and grow faire and big. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Countr. Farm 163 The sooner you remoue your Lettuce..the sooner it will Cabbage. 1843Kirby & Sp. Entomol. I. 155 Destroying the plant before it cabbages.
2. trans. See caboche v.
1530Palsgr. 596/1, I kabage a deere, je cabaiche..I wyll cabage my dere, and go with you. 1819Scott Br. Lamm. ix, The head of the stag should be cabbaged in order to reward them.
▪ V. ˈcabbage, v.2
[see cabbage n.2]
trans. (and absol.) To pilfer, to appropriate surreptitiously: a. orig. said of a tailor appropriating part of the cloth given to him to make up into garments.
1712Arbuthnot John Bull (1755) 14 Your taylor instead of shreads, cabages whole yards of cloath. 1793W. Roberts Looker-on (1794) III. 388 Ben Bodkin, who had cabbaged most notoriously in the making of Sam Spruce's new coat. 1830Blackw. Mag. XXVII. 117 Our Tailor says, ‘I like not the charge of plagiarism.’ Nevertheless, he cabbages. 1873H. Spencer Stud. Soc. vi. 137 The tailor ‘cabbaged’ the cloth he used.
b. transf.
c. In Schoolboy slang = To crib, cab.
1837Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) IV. 234 A speech, which..had been what schoolboys call ‘cabbaged’, from some of the forms of oration..published by way of caricature. 1862H. Marryat Year in Sweden II. 387 Steelyards..sent by Gustaf Wasa as checks upon country dealers, who cabbaged, giving short weight. |