| 释义 |
seaman|ˈsiːmən|
Pl. -men.
[f. sea n. + man. Cf. Du. zeeman, G. seemann, ON. sjómað-r.]
1. a. gen. One whose occupation or business is on the sea; a sailor as opposed to a landsman. Now only poet. or rhetorical. Also, with qualifying word: One skilled in navigation. b. spec. A sailor below the rank of officer.
leading seaman, able seaman, ordinary seaman, the three grades (beginning with the highest) of seamen in the Royal Navy. merchant seaman, a seaman in the merchant service.
Beowulf 329 Garas stodon, sæmanna searo samod ætgædere. c1205Lay. 1165 Brutus hit herde siggen þurh his sæ-monnen [c 1275 see mannen]. 1436Libel Eng. Policy in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 166 That gode see-menne wold no more deferre, But bete theme home. c1470Henry Wallace ix. 40 Semen he feyt, and gaiff thaim gudlye wage. 1540Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 14 The nauy..is..the maintenaunce of many masters mariners and seamen. 1595Shakes. John iii. i. 92 But (on this day) let Sea-men feare no wracke. 1667Milton P.L. i. 205 Him..The Pilot..Deeming some Island, oft, as Sea⁓men tell,..Moors by his side. 1702Proclam. 1 June in Lond. Gaz. No. 3815/2 To..Able Seamen, Ordinary Seamen, Two Eighth Parts. 1745De Foe's Eng. Tradesman (1841) I. xxv. 248 Our seamen are..esteemed the best sailors in the world. 1852Tennyson Ode Wellington 83 Mighty Seaman, this is he Was great by land as thou by sea. 1854Act. 17 & 18 Vict. c. 104 §2 [Merchant Shipping Act.] ‘Seaman’ shall include every Person (except Masters, Pilots, and Apprentices..) employed or engaged in any Capacity on board any Ship. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s.v., The able seaman is the seafaring man who knows all the duties of common seamanship... His rating is A.B... The ordinary seaman is less qualified. 1884Encycl. Brit. XVII. 291 The personnel of the British navy is composed of two different bodies of men, the seamen and the marines, each of which has its appropriate officers. Ibid. 295/1 The crew of a ship of war consists of leading seamen, able seamen, ordinary seamen, engine-room artificers [etc.].
†c. seamen's beer: see quot. Obs.
1795Sir J. Dalrymple Let. to Admiralty 2 There are four kinds of beer in Britain: Strong Beer, Porter, Table Beer, or what is called Seamen's Beer, and Small Beer.
d. attrib. and Comb.: † seaman card = sea-card; seamancraft, seamanship; seaman-gunner (see quot. 1867).
1636W. Strode Floating Isl. iii. iii, No other rarities these many Ages But Powder, Printing, *Seaman Card, and Watches.
1871Blackie Four Phases Mor. i. 21 In the navigation of which no *seamancraft could avail against miserable shipwreck.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., *Seamen-gunners, men who have been trained in a gunnery ship, and thereby become qualified to instruct others in that duty.
†2. = merman 1. Obs.
1569Fenton Secret Wond. Nature 53 Conradus Gesner writeth that there was seene at Rome in the great riuer, a sea man, or monster of the sea. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 466 Plinie hath reported of..the seaman caught in the streights of Gibraltar. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Siren, The Philosophical Transactions also contain an account of a sea-man seen in the American seas. |