| 释义 |
butyl Chem.|ˈbjuːtɪl|
[f. but-yric (f. L. butyrum butter) + -yl. So called from its relation to butyric acid, q.v.]
1. The monatomic alcohol radical of the tetracarbon series, C4H9, called by its discoverer Corbet Valyl, and by later chemists also Tetryl, and Quartyl.
(There are four isomeric modifications of tetryl, CH3CH2CH2CH2, (CH3)2.CHCH2, C2H5.CH.CH3, (CH3)3.C, of which the second or Isobutyl is the butyl of Wurtz, ‘a colourless oily liquid, having a faint but agreeable odour, and a slight taste with burning after-taste’ (Watts).
1868–77Watts Dict. Chem. (1879) V. 731 Tetryl or butyl. Ibid. VI. 373 With sodium it gives off..but little butyl. 1870Tyndall Heat xv. §750 It is called nitrite of butyl.
2. attrib. Of butyl, butylic, tetrylic: as in butyl compounds, butyl group, butyl series; also butyl acetate, butyl aldehyde, butyl chloride, butyl oxide, butyl sulphide, etc.; and esp. in butyl alcohol, C4H10O, of which there are four isomers, 1. normal butyl alcohol or propyl carbinol (which yields butyric acid), 2. fermentation butyl alcohol or isobutyl alcohol or isopropyl carbinol, 3. secondary butyl alcohol, or methyl-ethyl carbinol, 4. tertiary butyl alcohol or trimethyl carbinol; butyl hydride = quartane, a volatile hydro-carbon C4H10, the lightest of all known liquids; butyl aldehyde, the same as butyric aldehyde; butyl rubber, a type of synthetic rubber made from isobutylene; also ellipt. So many other combinations as butyl carbinol, butyl benzene, etc.
1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. (1874) 330 Butyl hydride..is the lightest of all known liquids. Ibid. 331 This [normal butyl alcohol] is the primary alcohol, as it yields on oxidation butyl aldehyde and butyric acid. 1869–71Watts Dict. Chem. (1879) VI. 373 Isopropyl-carbinol or isoprimary-butylic Alcohol constitutes the butylic alcohol of Wurtz, which was extracted from fusel-oil. For a long time it was the only butyl alcohol known to chemists. 1873Fownes Chem. 599 Butyl-carbinol is prepared from normal butyl alcohol in the same manner as the latter from normal propyl alcohol. 1880Med. Temp. Jrnl. July 167 He found that butyl and propyl alcohols were possessed of strong toxic properties. 1940Economist 20 July 100/1 The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey has evolved an entirely new product, which it calls ‘butyl’. 1940R. M. Thomas et al. in Ind. & Engin. Chem. XXXIII. 1283 (title) Butyl Rubber: A new hydrocarbon Product. Ibid. 1284/2 The designation ‘butyl rubber’ must be considered a generic term. 1957Encycl. Brit. IV. 459/2 Isobutylene..polymerizes to a spongelike material called butyl rubber, which is used for the production of high-grade tire tubings. 1962Times 6 Mar. 15/7 Butyl-rubber tyres.
3. Hence derivatives in butyl-: butyˈlactic, in butylactic acid: the monobasic acid, C4H8O3, derived from Butyl glycol; the tetracarbon or Butylene member of the Lactic series. butylamide, a less correct name for butyramide. ˈbutylaˌmine, an amine, or compound ammonia of the butyl series. ˈbutylene, the diatomic hydrocarbon or olefine of the butyl series, C4H8, also called butene and tetrene, of which there are several isomeric modifications; in comb. as butylene alcohol, etc. butyˈlenic a., of or pertaining to Butylene. butylic |bjuːˈtɪlɪk| a., of or pertaining to Butyl, as in butylic alcohol, butylic ether, etc.
1863–72Watts Dict. Chem. I. 688 Butylactic acid bears to butyric acid the same relation that lactic acid bears to propionic acid. Ibid. (1877) V. 733 Tetrylic or butylic alcohol of fermentation is a primary alcohol. 1866H. E. Roscoe Elem. Chem. xxxi. 279 Primary Monoamines..Butylamine. 1877― Fownes' Chem. II. 57 Butene or Butylene—of this hydro-carbon there are three modifications..Normal butene, Pseudo⁓butene, Isobutene. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xii. 245 The butylamines and pentylamines are obtained by the action of ammonia on the corresponding chlorides. |