| 释义 |
▪ I. bust, n.1|bʌst|
[a. F. buste (of which Littré gives no examples earlier than 17th c.), ad. It. busto = Sp., Pg. busto, Pr. bustz (rare). The primary sense in It., and the only sense in Pr., is ‘trunk or upper portion of the body’. The origin of the Romanic word has not been satisfactorily ascertained; see Diez, Scheler, Littré]
1. A piece of sculpture representing the head, shoulders, and breast of a person. Cf. busto.
1691Wood Ath. Oxon. I. 264 Over his grave was..the Statua or Bust..to the middle part of his body. 1768Earl Carlisle in G. Selwyn & Contemp. II. 311, I have this morning been sitting for my bust, which is to be done in marble. 1816Byron Ch. Har. iii. lxvi, Their tomb was simple, and without a bust. 1821― Juan iii. viii, Romances paint at full length people's wooings, But only give a bust of marriages. 1839Thirlwall Greece III. 3 The reward..consisted in three stone busts of Hermes.
¶ ? Influenced by L. bustum sepulchral monument.
1735Pope Epist. Lady 139 But die, and she'll adore you—then the bust And temple rise—then fall again to dust. a1761Cawthorn Elegy Capt. Hughes, Nature! 'tis thine..To teach..The dirge to murmur, and the bust to rise. a1771Gray (1775) Poems, Can storied urn or animated bust Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath?
2. a. The upper front part of the human body; the bosom (esp. of a woman).
1727–51Chambers Cycl. s.v., In speaking of an antique, we say the head is marble, and the bust porphyry, or bronze, that is, the stomach and shoulders. 1819Byron Juan ii. cxix, There was an Irish lady, to whose bust I ne'er saw justice done. 1835W. Irving Tour Prairies 32 His naked bust would have furnished a model for a statuary. 1886Miss Cleveland in Pall Mall G. 13 Mar. 13/2, I do not approve of any dress which shows the bust.
b. The measurement around a woman's body at the level of her bust, usually measured in inches. So bust measure, bust measurement, bust size.
1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 36/3 Unlaundered Waists. Sizes 32 to 42 inches bust measure. 1961M. Dickens Heart of London i. 14 Beautiful model offers her services. Anything considered. Bust 40. Waist 20. Hips 37. 1969Woman 4 Oct. 34/2 Her bust measurement had never been more than 38 in. 1969Woman's Own 11 Jan. 26/2 Flower-printed red dress... In bust sizes 32–36 ins. 1970Woman 7 Mar. 19/1 Dress and coat... Sizes 32 in. to 42 in. bust.
†3. transf. A swelling or protuberance. Obs.
1653Urquhart Rabelais i. viii, It [i.e. a necklace] reached down to the very bust of the rising of his belly [Fr. à la boucque du petit ventre.]
4. attrib. and Comb., as bust bodice, bust-costume, bust-improver, bust-line, bust-maker; bust-like adj.
1903in C. W. Cunnington Eng. Women's Clothing (1952) ii. 59 Patent bust bodice worn above the corset. 1961M. Spark Prime of Miss Jean Brodie iii. 73 Her chest was a slight bulge flattened by a bust bodice.
1910Maggs' Catal. No. 255, 85 Etchings, Illustrating the Head-Dress and Bust-Costume Worn by Ladies during the Early 17th Century.
1849in C. W. Cunnington Fem. Attitudes (1935) 312 The Registered Bust Improver. For the purpose of..giving an elegant figure and appearance to the wearer. 1905Daily Chron. 1 July 4/5 Many artificial aids have been devised, such as hip pads, bust improvers.
1826Blackw. Mag. XIX. 393 Her lips were not wont to be so cold and white..not so moveless and bustlike her bosom. 1939Ottawa Jrnl. 24 June 10/6 The brief bra top is an uplift and is webbed to cling below the bustline. 1969Woman 4 Oct. 34/3 Slim, happy and confident with a 36 in. bustline. 1860Hawthorne Marb. Faun I. i. 5 You never chiselled..a more vivid likeness than this, cunning bust-maker as you think yourself. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. v. iv. 217 Will the Bust-Procession pass that way?
▪ II. bust, n.2
A box: see buste.
▪ III. bust, n.3 colloq. and U.S.
[dial. var. of burst n.]
= burst n. spec. ‘a frolic; a spree’ (Bartlett); cf. burst n. 7. Phrs. to go on the bust, to go a bust.
1764in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. XLIX. 284 Stray'd or stolen..a Bay mare, with a cut main, and a Bust on the near Side of the Hind Flank. 1840American Joe Miller 116 Away with the expense..when a fellow is on a bust. a1860California Song (Bartlett), When we get our pockets full Of this bright, shinin' dust We'll..spend it on a bust. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer vii, There would be a slight probability of some of the party going ‘on the bust’ after three or four months' teetotalism. 1909Westm. Gaz. 4 Sept. 2/3 We wish to go on the bust mildly. 1912Beerbohm Christmas Garland 17 Wot'll 'e do then poor devil? Go a bust on 'is conduc' money. 1963L. Meynell Virgin Luck vi. 127, I was in pocket now. So I decided to go a bust and back a number.
b. A sudden failure or collapse of trade, etc. (cf. burst-up s.v. burst n.2 2 b); spec. opp. boom n.3 1.
1842Knickerbocker XX. 99 ‘A mistake!’ exclaimed the other; ‘not a bit of it! It's a reg'lar built bu'st!’ 1942H. A. Wallace Cent. of Common Man 28 Dec. (1944) 41 We cannot afford either a speculative boom or its inevitable bust. 1947Chr. Sci. Monitor 24 Jan. 1/1 We had an agricultural ‘boom and bust’ after the other World War. 1969Times (Suppl.) 5 May p. ii/2 The general reasoning is that it is better to have a slowdown now than a bust later. At least that is the thinking of many economists and politicos.
c. A person, etc., who is a failure; spec. in Poker, a busted flush or straight (see busted ppl. a.); hence, a bad hand at cards.
1928Amer. Speech III. 218 Bust..Sometimes the word is used to mean failure... ‘The Theta dance sure was a bust’. 1931D. Runyon Guys & Dolls (1932) vi. 134 As Cupid I am a total bust. 1932Amer. Speech VII. 330 Bust, a very poor bridge hand. Ibid. 435 A worthless hand [at poker] is called..a ‘bust’. 1934M. Ellinger Poker 166 Bust, a hand which the player has endeavoured and failed to make into a straight or a flush. 1957Wodehouse Over Seventy iv. 54 At the age of ten I was a social bust. 1959H. O. Yardley Education of Poker Player ii. i. 86 A bust is a useless hand.
d. = burst n. 2 c.
1859in G. W. Matsell Vocabulum 16. 1887 J. W. Horsley Jottings fr. Jail i. 23 ‘Rem for a bust’.. means..remanded for a burglary. 1947Sci. News IV. 50 The back of a pub where you and a ‘screwer’..had decided to ‘do a bust’.
e. A blow with the fist.
1925H. Leverage in Flynn's III. 693/2 Bust, a blow; a stroke (in the face). 1962J. F. Powers Morte d'Urban viii. 176 How'd you like a bust in the nose?
f. A police raid or arrest. slang (orig. U.S.). Cf. bust v.2 e.
1938New Yorker 12 Mar. 38/3 ‘One whiff [of marijuana]’ said Chappy, ‘and we get a bust.’ (‘Bust’ is Harlem for a police raid.) 1959W. Burroughs Naked Lunch 15 Provident junkies..keep stashes against a bust. 1969It 10–23 Oct. 10/1 At the moment, there are over a hundred of our kids in nick as a result of the busts at 144 Piccadilly & Endell Street.
▪ IV. † bust, v.1 Obs. exc. ? dial.
[Origin unknown: cf. baste v.3, also Sw. dial. bysta (Rietz), OF. boster (rare, ? var. of bouter) to knock at a door, MDu. buust cudgel, f. buusschen to beat.]
trans. To beat, thrash.
a1225Juliana 24 Speche þu maht spillen ant ne speden nawiht þah þu me buste and beate. c1230Hali Meid. 31 Beateð þe & busteð þe as his ibohte þrel. c1400Alexius (Laud MS. 463) 331 Ofte þei him bete and buste (rime-wd. niste). [1808–25Jamieson, To bust, to beat, Aberd.]
▪ V. bust, v.2 colloq. and U.S.
[dial. var. of burst v.]
To burst; to break.
1806M. Lewis in Lewis & Clark Exped. (1905) V. 137 Windsor busted his rifle near the muzzle. 1839Dickens Nich. Nick. lvii, His genius would have busted all bonds. 1843― Mart. Chuz. xvi, Keep cool, Jefferson... Don't bust! 1844Ibid. xxxiv, If the biler of this vessel was Toe bust, Sir. 1885Advt. in Lisbon (Dakota) Star 3 Apr. 6/7 N.P. Express Monopoly Busted. 1891G. Chamier Philosopher Dick I. ix. 249 We must have a spell anyhow. Nobody has ever bust himself as I have for the old man. 1915A. D. Gillespie Let. 3 Mar. (1916) 30 The shells make a scraping sound... When they ‘bust’ in the distance, I see a bright flash. 1918H. C. Witwer Baseball to Boches vii. 249, I oughta bust you in the nose! 1919Wodehouse Damsel in Distress iii, I shall infallibly bust you one on the jaw. 1930Diary Public Sch. Girl (ed. 2) 25 Quite a decent game. Bust my crosse though. 1942T. Rattigan Flare Path 1, Caught us bending proper this time. Group must be fair busting their stays with laughter. 1953M. Scott Breakfast at Six xxii. 181 It's yours. Have a good time with it [sc. {pstlg}15]. Bust it any way you like. 1963Listener 28 Mar. 568/3 Protocol would hardly permit him to..bust his interviewer one on that earnest Canadian snoot of his.
b. spec. To break (a horse). Cf. buster 4.
1891Harper's Mag. July 208/2 The whole secret of ‘busting’..lies in completely exhausting the bronco at the first lesson. Ibid. 210/1 Two rides will usually bust a bronco so that the average cow-puncher can use him. 1941Nat. Geogr. Mag. Mar. 300/1 He's too old now to..bust a bronco.
c. trans. To reduce to insolvency (cf. burst v. 8 d). Also intr., to go bankrupt.
1829R. C. Sands Writings (1834) II. 153 The Aigle Bank was bussted. 1837Knickerbocker X. 329 Can it truly be That ‘Providence, which oft afflicts the just’, Has fore-ordain'd that all the banks should bu'st? a1860J. C. Neal Dolly Jones (Bartlett), I was soon fotch'd up in the victualling line—and I busted, for the benefit of my creditors. 1880Harper's Mag. Oct. 729/1 After the fate of the town, be it to ‘boom’ or ‘bust’, has been decided. 1909H. G. Wells Ann Veronica vi. 124 Gives you a right to hang on to the old man until he busts—practically. 1923H. Crane Let. 15 Feb. (1965) 123 Broom, by the way, has busted; N.Y. office closed last Saturday. 1923T. E. Lawrence Let. 22 Sept. (1938) 431, 300 copies could be produced, with the fifty or sixty portraits I've bust myself upon, for {pstlg}10 a copy.
d. To break into (a house, etc.). Cf. bust n.3 d.
1859in G. W. Matsell Vocabulum 16. 1879 Sessions' Papers 29 May 184 Busting means burglary or house⁓breaking. 1927E. Wallace Feathered Serpent ix. 110 There's a little house just outside of Thatcham..me and Harry..thought we might ‘bust’ it and get a few warm clothes. 1948Wodehouse Spring Fever xiv. 143 What! You're asking me to bust a pete?
e. Usu. in pa. pple. busted: dismissed, demoted; arrested, jailed.
1918R. W. Lardner Treat 'Em Rough 81 His captain..busted him and I don't mean he cracked him in the jaw but when a man gets busted in the army it means you get reduced to a private. 1930Amer. Speech V. 382 Busted, to be, to be demoted. 1943Hunt & Pringle Service Slang 19 Bust, to reduce to the ranks or a lower rank; to deprive an N.C.O. of his stripes. 1953W. R. Burnett Vanity Row v. 40 Roy showed his [police] badge. ‘You'll get busted for this,’ shouted the man. 1958Landfall XII. 115 The little man came out of his cell... ‘This your first time busted?’
f. intr. In vingt-et-un, to exceed the score of twenty-one, and so lose one's stake. Also to go bust.
1939Phillips & Westall Complete Bk. Card Games 195 When each of the players has had the cards he wants (those who are ‘busted’ having disclosed the fact), the Dealer turns up his two cards. Ibid., Players who have gone ‘bust’, i.e. exceeded 21, will have forfeited their stakes automatically. 1945A. A. Ostrow Complete Card Player 39 If a player's total count passes 21..he has ‘gone over’, ‘gone overboard’ or ‘busted’. Banker collects the bet. 1950Chambers's Encycl. XIV. 326/2 Each of the players may..have cards ‘twisted’..until such time as he either ‘sticks’ on the hand he has, or ‘busts’ (i.e. exceeds 21).
Hence bust-head a.
1864Sala in Daily Tel. 19 Oct., Irresistible proclivities towards ‘bust-head’ whisky, ‘red-eye’ rum, and loafing generally.
▪ VI. bust, ppl. a.
= busted ppl. a. Also bust-up.
1913R. Brooke Let. Aug. (1968) 499 The Blue Review has gone bust, through lack of support. 1915J. Buchan 39 Steps vi. 140 A bust-up motor-car. 1921Wodehouse Jill the Reckless viii. 121 Jill Mariner had gone completely bust. 1928D. L. Sayers Unpl. Bellona Club xiv. 165 Well, it's all gone bust—but it was a darn' good stunt while it lasted. 1952Koestler Arrow in Blue xxv. 350, I woke up in the morning..financially broke, and with a bust-up car. 1964Observer 26 July 8/2 Companies do go bust. Ibid. 8/5 The firm..is noted for its history of winding up bust companies. |