| 释义 |
push-
the stem of push v., or push n.1, in combination. a. General: in the senses (a) moved or actuated by a push, or by pushing, as push-bar, push-basket, push-boat, push-net, push-nipple, push-pick, push-plane, push-tap; (b) used for pushing, communicating a push, as push-pedal, push-piece, push-pole, push-rod (also attrib.), push-stick, push-work. (c) with advbs. forming ns. and adjs., as push-along, push-in, push-on, push-out (also push-down n. and a., etc.), indicating (n.) the act of pushing in the direction specified; (adj.) that pushes or is pushed in the direction specified. b. Special Combs: push-ball, a game in which a very large ball is pushed by the hands and bodies of the players towards the opponents' goal; also attrib.; push-barred a., (Billiards) in which a push (1 b) is barred or forbidden; push-battle, a game; push-bicycle, -cycle, an ordinary bicycle, propelled by the rider, as distinguished from one driven by a motor; push-bike colloq., a push-bicycle; hence as v. intr., to ride a push-bicycle; also push-biking vbl. n.; push-board, some parlour game: see quot.; push-car, (a) U.S. a hand-car; (b) U.S. a bogie car used to connect an engine with a train which is on a ferry-boat; (c) U.S. a plate-layers' trolley; (d) a perambulator; push-cart, (a) a hand-cart; also attrib.; (b) a perambulator; push-chain Linguistics, a sound shift in which one phoneme approaches a second and this in turn shifts so that their differentiation is maintained; also attrib.; push-chair, a small, wheeled, usu. folding chair in which a child can be pushed along; push-cyclist, a rider of a push-cycle; push drive Cricket, a drive (drive n. 1 d) in which the ball is pushed instead of struck; push fit, a fit which enables a part to be pushed into a hole by hand but does not allow free rotation; push-foot = push-pedal; push-halfpenny, a game in which coins are pushed over a mark on a level surface; shove-halfpenny; push hold Mountaineering = pressure hold s.v. pressure n. 10; push-hole, see quot.; push-in, (a) U.S. slang, a certainty; (b) Hockey, the act or action of pushing the ball into play from the side-line; (c) Austral. slang (see quot. 1979); push money U.S. slang = spiff n.; push moraine Physical Geogr., an arc-shaped moraine formed by an advancing or re-advancing glacier or ice-sheet which pushes material before it into low ridges; push-out, (a) n., one who is made to leave, esp. school; slang; (b) adj., that pushes out; push pass Sport, a pass effected by pushing rather than hitting or kicking the ball; push-penny = push-halfpenny; push-pit Naut. [formed humorously after pulpit n. 4 f], a raised safety rail in the stern of a boat; push plate, a plate attached to a door by which it may be pushed open; push-plough = breast-plough; push-process v. trans. Photogr. colloq., to develop (a film) in such a way as to increase or maximize its effective speed; so push-processing vbl. n.; push-shot = push-stroke; push-start v., to start (a motor vehicle or engine) by pushing (the vehicle), usu. after failure of normal procedures; also as n. (lit. and fig.); push-stroke, in Billiards, Cricket, and Golf = push n. 1 b; push-through, (a) a narrow passage through a boundary wall, etc.; (b) an instrument for cleaning the bore of a rifle (cf. pull-through s.v. pull- 1); (c) used attrib. to designate things in which one part is pushed through another; push-towing vbl. n., the propulsion of a line of connected unpowered barges by a powered one at each end; also loosely (see quot. 1959); so push-tow, a line of such vessels; also attrib. and as v. trans.
1977Grimsby Even. Tel. 14 May 9/2 (Advt.), Pedigree *pushalong fur horse excellent condition, {pstlg}4.50.
1898Encycl. Sport II. 168/2 *Pushball was developed out of mere experiments into an organised game about the year 1895 by the Newtown Athletic Club near Boston U.S.A. The ball used is made after the same fashion as the ordinary round football used in the English Association game, but has a diameter of about 6 feet.
1895Funk's Stand. Dict., *Push-bar, a bar that sustains a pushing stress. 1906Westm. Gaz. 7 Feb. 8/1 Pointing to the extra push-bar exits and elaborate fire appliances.
1898Ibid. 16 Apr. 7/2 A new *push-barred record of 679.
1956Harper's Mag. May 20/2 She threads her *pushbasket along the alleys of the super market.
1898B. Gregory Side Lights Confl. Meth. 520 In our all-including games, like *push-battle.
1906Bazaar, Exch. & Mart 16 Nov. (Suppl.) 2042/3 Exchange [motor-cycle]..for good make 25in *push bicycle and cash. 1908Daily Chron. 21 Nov. 9/5 Spring forks, which are considered debatable points on a push bicycle, are now recognised as absolute essentials on the..motor cycle.
1913‘I. Hay’ Happy-go-lucky xiv. 180 Luckily I had the old *push-bike with me, and I managed to find my way down here. 1914C. Holme Lonely Plough xx. 236 Strenuous figures with bare knees and flapping overcoats push-biked past them. 1918S. P. B. Mais Schoolmaster's Diary xvi. 253, I ‘push-biked’ the eight miles into Lewes. 1920Isis 3 Nov. 3/1 Self-advertisement, or the man who rides a push-bike with both hands in his trouser pockets. 1970‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Cookie Bird viii. 123 Derek..thought of a push-bike... He didn't want to be followed.
1926Punch 8 Dec. 643/1 Music, Greek Plays, ‘*push-biking’ tours—All figure in his pages. 1972Guardian 22 Feb. 11/3 If you take to push-biking..you will need some pedal-pushers.
1906Daily Chron. 10 Feb. 6/1 Playing a kind of bagatelle or *push-board.
1928P. C. Chambliss in J. Schoettle Sailing Craft 202 The patent stern affords means of fixing davits by which bugeyes may hoist their motor yawls or *push boats. 1967Guardian 17 June 9/6 The pushboat picks them [sc. barges] up..loaded or unloaded.
1884E. W. Nye Baled Hay 225 A section-crew..riding down that mountain on a *push-car. 1922Joyce Ulysses 240 Edy..was rocking the chubby baby to and fro in the pushcar.
1893E. King Joseph Zalmonah ix. 105 Some hundreds of ‘*push-carts’ like Ben Zion's were ranged within the narrow limits of Hester Street. 1897F. Moss Amer. Metropolis III. ix. 202 The visitor may stand at one point and see without moving..sidewalk merchants and push-cart vendors. 1899Morrow Bohem. Paris 224 Street hawkers with their heavy push-carts. 1909Daily Chron. 10 Dec. 5/4 She ran into the..street, and there found the push-cart, and saw the man hurrying away with the baby wrapped up in a travelling rug. 1921Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 12 Oct. 16/3 (Advt.), Child's wicker push-cart, price $5. 1931J. T. Adams Epic of Amer. xii. 346 Many of the other ‘great’ bankers..had the souls of pushcart peddlers. 1973Amer. Speech 1969 XLIV. 265 All the level 3 stores operated on the supermarket plan with pushcarts and terminal checkout booths.
1952A. Martinet in Word VIII. 11 It may often be difficult to tell whether we have to do with a B→A→ chain, or drag-chain, or an A→C→ chain, or *push-chain. 1969R. D. King Hist. Linguistics & Generative Gram. viii. 194 If one rejects the gradualness of phonological change..and the notion that language abhors merger, push chains are deprived of their major source of plausibility. 1972M. L. Samuels Linguistic Evol. iii. 31 If one phoneme shifts, others will also shift in such a way that the differentiation is preserved (‘push-chain mechanism’), while others again will automatically increase their area of possible realisation by moving into the vacated space (‘drag-chain mechanism’). 1977Language LIII. 239 Graphemic change provides evidence for a push chain.
1921Sunday at Home Feb. 257/2 Up the hill she struggled... She was throwing her weight against a small *push-chair with a carpet seat. 1963Times 25 May 9/5 As the mothers come out of the shops they pop sweets into the mouths of the two-year-olds sitting in pushchairs. 1972J. Wilson Hide & Seek i. 19 She hesitated, wondering whether to pop Jamie in his pushchair and go after them.
1905Daily Chron. 1 June 3/6 Anyone who has tried it, knows that a motor-cycle is as comfortable as a ‘*push-cycle’ over the same piece of road, at double the speed. 1931D. L. Sayers Five Red Herrings ii. 32 He had the body on the floor of the tonneau and on top of it he had a push-cycle, which has left tarry marks on the cushions.
1915W. H. L. Watson Adventures Despatch Rider v. 63 We stopped and questioned a ‘civvy’ *push-cyclist. 1927Daily Express 27 Dec. 3/7 A push-cyclist..writes to protest against being forced to show a red light behind.
1920D. J. Knight in P. F. Warner et al. Cricket (new ed.) 28 If the ball is not struck on the half-volley, but a little later, it [sc. the drive] becomes what is known as the *push drive, and is in fact the ordinary forward shot.
1918D. T. Hamilton Gages, Gaging & Inspection ii. 38 *Push fits..are for shafts that are forced into a hole by hand and that would be free to rotate without seizing, but not free enough to rotate under anything but a very slow speed. 1960Practical Wireless XXXVI. 330/1 A 2½in. length of steel knitting needle ground down to a push fit inside the nylon bearing.
1900G. D. Hiscox Horseless Vehicles ii. 37 The movement..was made by a *push-foot connection from a three-throw crank shaft.
1957R. G. Collomb Dict. Mountaineering 122 *Push Hold. (American.) A pressure hold. 1976D. Clark Dread & Water v. 107 Zoom lens showing handholds—push hold, jug-handle, fingers clenched on a small hold.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Push-hole (Glass-making), a hole in the flattening-furnace for annealing and flattening plate-glass.
1948Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 22 July 11/1 The statement that William and Mary [College] is a *push-in for top honors in the Old Dominion is just a lot of wild talk. 1970Sunday Tel. 9 Aug. 24/6 The push-in, the latest addition to the sporting glossary, makes its international debut..today... The new rule..becomes operative for British clubs at the start of the season. 1976Read & Walker Advanced Hockey for Women v. 119 Occasionally the opportunity may arise to send the ball directly to the middle of the field from a push-in. 1976Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 7 Nov. 47/11 They then walk home—and are followed by the ‘push-in’ merchants, the teenage savages who push their victims into their apartments from behind, slam the door and then lace into them. 1979Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 20 Jan. 18/6 Push-ins, mugging at the door.
1939C. Morley Kitty Foyle (1940) xxx. 296, I was getting twenty-eight a week and my *push money extra. 1960V. Packard Waste Makers (1961) xix. 231 The spiff or PM is the ‘push money’ offered as a reward for each item of the brand sold.
1890T. C. Chamberlin in Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. I. 28. A glacier deposits material at its margin in three ways: (1) It pushes matter forward mechanically, ridging it at its edge, forming what may be termed *push moraines. 1913Zeitsch. für Gletscherkunde VII. 310 Part of the glacier margin was bordered by a push moraine from 5 to 8 feet high. 1960B. W. Sparks Geomorphology xiii. 292 Push moraines are a specialised form of end moraine caused by a readvance of an ice sheet thrusting till, or some similar deposit, up into low ridges. 1979J. Rabassa et al. in C. Schlüchter Moraines & Varves 68/2 In March 1977, the ice front had already advanced over the proximal part of the fluvioglacial plain.., bulldozing its upper sedimentary cover into a set of push-moraines.
1920W. T. Grenfell Labrador Doctor i. 7 The shrimp fishermen..used *push-nets in the channels at low tide. 1976Weekend Echo (Liverpool) 4/5 Dec. 9/8 (Advt.), Shrimp push nets for sale, {pstlg}12.50.
1902Engin. Rev. (N.Y.) May 15/2 The sections [of the boiler] are united by malleable iron *push-nipples coated with copper, and fitting accurately reamed holes in the sections.
1926–7Army & Navy Stores Catal. 285/1 Massage Bath Shower and Shampoo Set complete, with large rubber *push-on unions. 1974K. Clark Another Part of Wood ii. 69 The old push-on variety [of pianola]..gave the executant much more control than the later one-piece model.
1970Britannica Bk. of Year 1969 798/3 *Pushout, a student dropped from school for unsatisfactory performance. 1973Times 17 Dec. 2 The growing number of girls who are becoming homeless are not ‘drop-outs’, as generally thought, but ‘push-outs’. 1974Florida FL Reporter XIII. 43/2 The ‘push-out’ rate of minority students is a national disgrace. 1977Design Engin. July 73/2 They are easily installed by simply squeezing into punched or drilled holes in 1·5mm cold-rolled steel sheets, and resist pushout forces of 260lb.
1963Times 25 Feb. 4/3 Their forwards..used the *push-pass far too often on a surface which demanded hard hitting. 1977Time Out 28 Jan.–3 Feb. 6 (Advt.), Push pass... There are at least 26 familiar football terms in this puzzle.
1907Westm. Gaz. 9 Nov. 16/2 Multiple disc-clutch, *push-pedals, foot-accelerator. 1908Ibid. 19 Mar. 4/2 The two push-pedals performing the usual functions of disconnecting the clutch and putting on the brake.
1872B. Jerrold London xviii. 146 Benches where they are playing *push-penny. 1975Country Life 11 Dec. 1677/4, I am..looking for examples of the following regional inn sports: aunt sally (Oxfordshire)..push penny (Lincolnshire)..actually played in English pubs today.
1843Penny Cycl. XXVII. 108/1 (Repeating Watch), P is the pendant-shank or *push-piece. 1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 132 For setting the hands a push piece..is pressed with the thumb nail.
1964English Studies XLV. 23 The pulpit is in the bows; a similar device at the stern has become known..as a *push-pit. 1976–7Sea Spray (N.Z.) Dec./Jan. 90/1 (Advt.), It does not get chipped or rattle against the pushpit.
1928V. G. Childe Most Anc. East iii. 54 A steep-ended scraper or *push-plane. 1977G. Clark World Prehist. (ed. 3) v. 214 Wood-working equipment, manifested most notably in heavy bifaces and picks and in high-backed push-planes.
1907G. A. T. Middleton Mod. Buildings VI. xiv. 112/2 The double bolts as supplied for swing doors are the proper pattern to use... They are actuated from the inside by a small *push plate. 1963W. C. Huntington Building Construction (ed. 3) xv. 661 Push plates or door pulls are provided on the closing stile as required.
1686Plot Staffordsh. 115 The turf..they cut in the Moorelands in the Spring time with an instrument call'd a *push-plow, being a sort of spade, shod somewhat in the form of an arrow.
1906Daily Chron. 11 Aug. 5/5 *Push-pole, and the inevitable negotiation of the greasy pole. 1971Push-pole [see kilhig]. 1977Sat. Rev. 23 July 3/2 (Advt.), The 200 [sc. 200 a.s.a film] can be ‘*push-processed’ to 400 speed... Dealer can sell you a kit, including directions for ‘push-processing’. 1979Amat. Photographer 10 Jan. 90/1 All these fast films can be push-processed to produce even higher speeds.
1908Westm. Gaz. 16 Jan. 4/2 The inlet-valves are..placed immediately above the exhaust-valves, and actuated by rockers and vertical *push-rods. 1934Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XXXVIII. 191 Push rod valve mechanism for air⁓cooled engines..has been almost universally adopted during the last few years. 1973Times 18 Oct. 35/3 The Polski 125P saloon..has the same body as the old Fiat 125 and a 1500cc push rod engine.
1909P. A. Vaile Modern Golf v. 84 The *push-shot is a dead straight ball, one of the straightest when well played. 1925Country Life 15 Aug. 244/2 The push shots or placing shots... You can steer and guide these strokes with tolerable accuracy. 1957S. Moss In Track of Speed xiv. 182 Mechanics rushed out and *push-started us. 1965D. Lodge Brit. Mus. is falling Down vi. 107 He prepared to push-start his scooter. 1973Advocate-News (Barbados) 29 June 3/3 (Advt.), Maybe you have an idea. And all it needs is a push-start to get it off the ground. 1977Daily Tel. 12 Jan. 10/4 One of my minor objections to automatic transmissions is that they can't be push started. 1979K. O'Hara Searchers of Dead viii. 80 Owen..once gave me a push-start when my battery was flat.
1922Woodwork Machinery Reg. in Statutory Rules & Orders (1923) 276 A suitable *push-stick shall be kept available for use at the bench of every circular saw which is fed by hand, to enable the work to be carried on without unnecessary risk. 1947J. Charlesworth Law of Negligence xviii. 388 Failure to use a ‘push-stick’..may amount to contributory negligence.
1873*Push stroke [see push n.1 1 b]. 1884W. Cook Billiards 64 In order to play the push stroke successfully, it is necessary to hold the cue [etc.]. 1901Daily News 1 Feb. 8/7 When the Prince was holing a short put at the home green, he cautioned his Royal Highness against giving the ball a push stroke. 1904Westm. Gaz. 31 May 3/1 Drives between the off-side fielders, and push-strokes between the bowler and mid-on, and past mid-on.
1902Daily Chron. 27 June 2/6 To provide *push-tap valves to the several troughs in this borough.
1888Athenæum 18 Feb. 217 The side pieces of a Derbyshire stile or ‘*push through’ in the churchyard wall. 1920G. Burrard Notes on Sporting Rifles 68 Greener's ‘push through’ is an excellent invention for all ultra small bores. 1970Which? Aug. 237/2 Slip-over threading points are better than push-through points. 1979D. Francis Whip Hand xvi. 195 The push-through switch on a table lamp.
1955Bull. Soc. Naval Architects & Marine Engineers Feb. 12/1 Single-screw tugs have been *push-towing for many years. 1955F. Marbury Push-Towing in Waves (MS. thesis, Mass. Inst. Technol.) i. 1 The standard river pushtow cannot operate in waves. 1964Marine Engineering Log July 59/1 The economy and flexibility of push-tow operations are gaining favor with Japanese maritime interests. 19701st Internat. Tug Conf. 1969 272/1 Petroleum barges could be push-towed. Ibid. 362/1 In 1957 the first real push-tow..appeared on the Rhine. 1973Guardian 22 Jan. 6/5 Push-tow craft..are, basically, floating boxes which can carry 140 tons and be locked together in a procession of nine, operated by two tugs. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia III. 758/2 These assemblies of unpowered and individually unmanned barges are known, somewhat illogically, as push tows.
1955F. Marbury Push-Towing in Waves (MS. thesis, Mass. Inst. Technol.) vi. 22 The basic conclusion..is that as far as these tests extend *pushtowing in waves is feasible. 1959G. Walker Traffic & Transport in Nigeria iii. 47 ‘Push-towing’ has now become the accepted practice. Power craft have two barges lashed to the forequarters, a third being pushed ahead. 1972Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 29 Mar. 40/5 The tugs are intended for use in..push-towing of such barges in moderate sea conditions.
1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 36 The *pushwork for setting the hands. |