| 释义 |
▪ I. bud, n.1|bʌd|
Forms: 4–5 bodde, 5–7 budde, (6 bood, botthe), 7 budd, 6– bud.
[Late ME. budde, bodde; of uncertain etymology. In ME. identical in form with budde.
Prof. Skeat suggests a connexion of some kind with ODu. botte, mod.Du. bot a bud, or with OF. boter, mod.F. bouter to push, put forth, whence F. bouton (see button n.) ‘bud’. (Franck refers the ODu. word to a Romanic source akin to or identical with OF. boter.) But such a change from t to d is anomalous.]
1. a. Bot. A little projection found at the axil of a leaf, composed of scales, which are small leaves, and forming the rudiment of a branch, cluster of leaves, or blossom. Hence, applied to a flower (or leaf) at any stage of growth until fully opened.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. lxxv, Sumtyme burgynge of boddes beþ gnawe and frete with flyes. c1400Purif. Marie in Tundale's Vis. (Turnb. 1843) 135 The comyng Of greene veer with fresch buddes new. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 234 So longe it is called the budde of a rose, as it is not a perfyte rose. 1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters O ij, The best flowres ben of the rede apples..whan the botthes begynne the blossome and to go open. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. ii. iv. 114 A worme i'th budde. a1682Sir T. Browne Tracts 64 To pluck away the bearing buds, before they proceed unto flowers or fruit. 1752Johnson Rambl. No. 207 ⁋8 The swelling bud and opening blossom. 1832Tennyson Lotos-Eaters 71 The folded leaf is woo'd from out the bud. 1842Gray Struct. Bot. i. (1880) 7 An incipient stem or branch, with its rudimentary leaves, is a Bud.
b. Zool. A similar growth in animals of low organization, which develops into a new individual.
1836–9Todd Cycl. Anat. & Phys. II. 433/1 The new individual grows upon the parent as a bud or sprout. 1861Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon ii. i. 46 The creature gives off from certain parts of its body buds or gemmæ, which at a fixed period become detached, and give rise to new animals.
2. transf. Used of things resembling buds: as the rudiment of a horn when it begins to sprout; a nipple; a pimple in farcy, a disease of horses.
1593Nashe Christs T. (1613) 145 Their breasts they embuske vp on hie, and their round Roseate buds immodestly lay forth. 1639T. De Grey Compl. Horsem. 304 This powder healeth the buds or knots of the farcin. 1641French Distill. iv. (1651) 103 The young buds of Harts-horne. 1702Lond. Gaz. No. 3814/4 A..Grey Gelding..scar'd with the Farcy Buds.
3. fig.
a. Anything in an immature or undeveloped state.
1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 238/2 Such a desire is a budde of ambition. 1592Warner Alb. Eng. viii. xxxix. 193 Our decent Church-Rites..Did then put forth her Braunches, and weare fruitfull in the bood. 1632G. Herbert Temple, Sunday i, The fruit of this, the next worlds bud. 1727Thomson Summer 582 The wint'ry blast of death Kills not the buds of virtue.
b. Said of children or young persons, or as a term of endearment.
1595Shakes. John iii. iv. 82 Now will Canker-sorrow eat my bud [Arthur], And chase the natiue beauty from his cheeke. 1675Wycherley Country Wife ii. i, You are my own dear bud. Ibid. iii. ii, 'Tis no matter, no matter, bud. 1847Tennyson Princ. vi. 176 Her eye..dwelt Full on the child; she took it: ‘Pretty bud!..half open'd bell of the woods!’ 1881Confessions of friv. Girl 39 This is your first party..Yes, I am what is called a bud.
c. ‘A weaned calf of the first year’ (Ray S. and E.C. Words (1674) 60). Still in dial. use.
1662Collect. Campsey Ash 30 in Nichols Bibl. Top. Brit. (1790) lii. For every gast beast and heifer, gast ware and bud [calf], three half-pence apiece. 1875Parish Sussex Dial., Bud, a calf of the first year, so called because the horns then begin to appear or bud. Mod. dial. Kent, There are three halfers [heifers] and two nice young buds in the yard.
d. A girl who is just ‘coming out’; a débutante. Also more fully bud of promise. Chiefly U.S. colloq.
1880R. Grant Confessions of Frivolous Girl i. 39 ‘This is your first party, I believe, Miss Palmer?’..‘Yes, I am what is called a ‘bud’.’ 1888Charlestown Enterprise (Farmer), The young, unmarried girl, in sport, Is called a bud of promise. 1889Harper's Mag. Sept. 571/1 As dashing a belle as there was in the rooms—not a bud—a belle of some six or seven years standing. 1903N.Y. Tribune 4 Oct., Among the latter [sc. the débutantes] will be Miss Enid Shaw, the only bud of the Cabinet circle. 1919Sphere 1 Nov. 120/2 One of those dream-like young girls that only seem to happen in London during the height of the summer and winter seasons... This gilded ‘bud’ drove away in a cloak of warm pink panne.
4. Phr. in bud (said of plants; cf. in leaf, in flower): budding. in the bud: not yet developed; often fig. = young, immature, ‘in the germ’. to nip or crush in the bud: fig. to repress or destroy (a project, etc.) in its first beginnings (see also nip v.1 5 b.)
1677A. Horneck Law of Consideration (1704) 89 If a tree does not thrive, if flowers do wither in the bud. 1746Rep. Cond. Sir J. Cope 12 The crushing in the bud an Insurrection. 1844Mem. Babylonian P'cess. II. 168 The plot was apparently nipped in the bud. 1847Tennyson Princ. i. 31 While life was yet in bud and blade. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. I. iv. 258 Promising germs of freedom were..crushed in the bud. 1871Earle Philol. Eng. Tong. (1880) §445 A flectional word is a phrase in the bud.
5. Comb., as bud-blighted, bud-crowned, bud-like adjs., bud-coat, bud-generation, bud-scale, bud-time, bud-variation. Also bud-bird (dial.), the Bullfinch; † bud-cutter, obs. name of an insect (transl. F. lisette ‘coupe-bourgeon’, Boiste); bud-germ (Zool.) = 1 b; bud-glue (see quot.); bud-graft v. trans. = bud v.1 5; also as n., a shrub or tree grown by this process; so bud-grafted ppl. adj.; bud-rot, rotting of the buds of a plant or tree; a disease characterized by this; bud-rudiment, the cell in the embryo, from which the bud is developed; bud-sport [sport n.1 6 b], an abnormal variation produced from a bud; bud-worm, a larva that feeds upon the buds of corn, tobacco, fir-trees, etc.
1865Cornh. Mag. 35 The provincial *‘bud-bird’ of Herefordshire, the bullfinch.
1820Shelley Prometh. Unb. iv. i. 122 The *bud-blighted flowers of happiness.
1866C. Rossetti Prince's Progr. &c. 3 Poppies..Wrapped in *bud-coats hairy and neat.
1857Emerson Poems 50 The *bud-crowned Spring.
1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. II. 100 To have the end of their new Shoots..cut off by a little black round Insect, call'd *Bud-Cutter.
1880C. & F. Darwin Movem. Pl. 190 A bud may revert to the character of a former state many *bud-generations ago.
1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. & Ferns 99 Hanstein has termed these organs which cover the buds with a sticky secretion ‘Beleimer’, or Colleters, and their sticky product *bud-glue, or Blasto-colla.
1930Times 26 Mar. 25/6 The yields from *bud-grafted trees will exceed those from selected seedlings. Of the 4,343 acres planted, 2,200 acres are either bud-grafted or alternate rows of bud-grafts and selected seedlings. 1936Economist 18 Apr. 152/1 Those young areas..had been budgrafted.
1839Bailey Festus (1854) 42 To watch young beauty's *budlike feelings burst And load the soul with love. 1847–9Todd Cycl. Anat. & Phys. IV. 427/1 A simple canal with bud-like processes.
1906E. J. Butler in Agric. Jrnl. India I. 310 A cocoanut palm disease known as ‘*bud rot’. 1946Nature 14 Dec. 882/1 Bud-rot in the eastern tropics, hitherto fortunately never confused with eelworm attack, is due to Phytophthora.
1882Vines Sachs' Bot. 297 A cell, which Pringsheim calls the *‘bud-rudiment’.
1880Gray Bot. Text-bk. 400 *Bud-scales. The dry teguments which serve to protect the..growing point within during the season of rest.
1900B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms 38/1 *Bud sport. 1905H. de Vries Species & Varieties xiv. 427 Bud-sports of variegated hollyhock, elms, chestnuts, beeches and others. 1956C. Auerbach Genetics in Atomic Age vi. 41 If it [sc. a mutated gene] is of a kind to produce a visible effect, a so-called ‘bud-sport’ will result, for example, a branch with white berries on a red-currant bush.
1850Rep. Comm. Patents 1849 (U.S.) 459 With the *bud-worm you must be more particular. 1922W. Schlich Man. Forestry (ed. 4) I. ii. 188 Financial assistance..for the balsam bud-worm investigation.
▪ II. † bud, n.2 Sc. Obs.
[prob. var. of bod, bode an offering, f. ppl. stem of OE. béodan (see bid v.) to offer.]
A bribe. Also in comb. bud-taker.
1436Acts Jas. I, clv. (Jam.) All jugeis sall gar the assysouris sweir..that thay nouther haue tane, nor sall tak meid na buddis of ony partie. 1535Lyndesay Satyre 1616, I am ane Iudge..Na bud nor fauour may my sicht oversyle. 1579Act Jas. VI (1597) §93 The saidis Bud-takeris, to be displaced and deprived simpliciter of their offices. a1651Calderwood Hist. Kirk (Wodrow) III. 394 They acquired wealth by taking budds from such as had sutes to him.
▪ III. bud, n.3 U.S. colloq.|bʌd|
[Childish or colloq. pronunc. of brother n., or abbrev. of buddy n. Cf. bub n.6]
Brother; used chiefly as a form of address.
1851Polly Peasblossom's Wedd. 19 (Th.), ‘An't you joking, bud?’ asked Polly of her boy brother. 1889Harper's Mag. Aug. 459/1 He said that his name was ‘Bud’ Lightwood... ‘It's brother,’ he said..‘‘bud’ and ‘sis’, you know.’ 1920Mulford J. Nelson iv. 46 But, say, bud, we don't have to go to Highbank at all. 1953W. R. Burnett Vanity Row i. 9 Gamblers..would often hand him a quarter..and say: ‘Keep it, bud.’
▪ IV. bud, v.1|bʌd|
[f. bud n.1]
1. intr.
a. To put forth buds, to sprout.
b. with out: To come or push out, as a bud.
1398[see budding vbl. n.1] c1440Promp. Parv. 54 Buddun as trees, gemmo. 1535Coverdale Job xiv. 8 The stocke..will budde. 1626Bacon Sylva (1677) §417 The removing of the Tree some Moneth before it Buddeth. 1684tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. vi. 206 If..a Carbuncle bud out in the Arms or Legs. 1813Scott Rokeby iii. xxviii, The rose is budding fain. 1862H. Spencer First Princ. ii. xv. §119 (1875) 336 The wings and legs of a bird..when they bud-out from the sides of the embryo.
2. fig. To spring forth, as a bud; to begin to grow; to develop; also with out, up.
1566Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 184 Thairby Goddis woord should somewhat bud. a1593H. Smith Serm. (1866) II. 254 Many vices bud out of this one. 1608Golding Epit. Frossard's Chron. ii. 68 There was trouble and insurrection budding vp. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, i. i. 94 The sodaine breach..is budded out, For France hath flaw'd the League. 1713Young Last Day iii. 317 There, buds the promise of celestial worth. 1859Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) VIII. lxvi. 210 The camps which Agricola had planted..budded, in the course of ages, into little towns.
3. trans. To put forth as buds; to produce by gemmation; also with forth and out. Also fig.
1591Spenser Vis. Bellay 138 This Hydra..With seuen heads, budding monstrous crimes. 1625Gonsalvio's Sp. Inquis., It buddeth forth such pestilent blossomes. 1854Woodward Mollusca (1856) 49 The power they [zoöphytes] possess of budding out new individuals. 1869Nicholson Zool. lviii. (1880) 520 Within the branchial chamber [of the tadpole]..the fore-limbs are budded forth.
4. To bring into bud, cause to bud; also fig.
1604Drayton Owle 3 The strength and fervour of whose pregnant ray, Buds every branch, and blossomes every spray. a1700Hawthorn Tree in Child Ballads I. 313 Next yere againe I will be sene To bude my branches. 1852Tupper Proverb. Philos. 403 When did the body elevate, expand, and bud the mind?
5. Gardening. To ingraft by inserting a bud of a shrub or tree under the bark of another ‘stock’, for the purpose of raising flowers or fruit different from those of the stock. Also absol.
1663Cowley Verses & Ess. (1669) 119 We no where Art do so triumphant see, As when it Grafs or Buds the Tree. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 198 You may..bud at the end of this month. Ibid. Stocks to bud Oranges and Lemons on. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. II. s.v. Laurel, Grafted or budded upon black Cherry Stalks. 1853Blackw. Mag. LXXIII. 131 He grafted, and budded, and hybridised. 1861Delamer Fl. Gard. 156 To be budded on the Musk Rose.
▪ V. † bud, v.2 Sc.
[f. bud n.2]
trans. To bribe.
c1565Lindesay (Pitscottie) Cron. Scotl. (1728) 148 They budded the king to bide at home. 1582–8Hist. Jas. VI, (1804) 198 Moirtoun..buddit Tullybardin with the office of the Comptroller. 1636Rutherford Lett. lxiii. (1862) I. 169 To bud and bribe the Cross. 1657[see budding vbl. n.2].
▪ VI. bud, v.3
Sc. = must: see bus v. |