| 释义 |
▪ I. bruise, n.|bruːz|
[f. the vb.]
†1. A breaking; a breach. Obs.
1441Plumpton Corr. Introd. 60 In eschewing of blood⁓shedding and bruses of the Kings peace. 1530Palsgr. 201/2 Brosyng or broose, briseure.
2. A hurt or injury to the body by a blunt or heavy instrument, causing discoloration but not laceration of the skin; a contusion.
1541R. Copland Galyen's Terap. 2 F ij, Yf in the parties rounde about y⊇ vlcere there is eyther bruse, phlegmon, or other tumour. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 327 Wounds are most commonly made with sharp or piercing weapons, and bruises with blunt weapons. 1663–78Butler Hud. (J.) One arm'd with metal, th' other with wood, This fit for bruise, and that for blood. 1711Addison Spect. No. 223 ⁋4 The Bruises which they often received in their Fall. 1859Tennyson Elaine 1159 His costly gift, Hard-won and hardly won with bruise and blow.
b. Of a plant, fruit, or other body.
1678N. Wanley Wonders iii. xliv. §18. 226/2 He..threw it with that force against the floor that the solidest metal would have received some damage or bruise thereby. 1770Withering Brit. Plants (1796) IV. 285 Pileus..nearly flat..thin at the edge, turning watery on the least bruise.
c. spec. A contusion or injury caused by jambing; Sc. in form brizz.
Mod.Sc. His hand has got a bad brizz under the wheel.
3. Comb., as bruise-like adj.; † bruise-root (see quot.); bruise-wort.
1698Newton Papaver Corn. in Phil. Trans. XX. 263 Or Horned Poppy, with a Yellow Flower, vulgarly called in Hampshire, Squatmore, or Bruseroot. 1839–47Todd Cycl. Anat. & Phys. III. 908/1 The bruise-like swelling.
▪ II. bruise, v.|bruːz|
Forms: 1 brýsan, 3–5 brisen, 3–6 brise, (4 bris), 3–7 bruse, 4–6 broose, brose, bryse, 5 brese, bresse, brysse, burse, 5–6 brisse, broyse, brouse, 6 brusse, broose, 6–7 bruze, 7, 9 bruize, 6– bruise; (also Sc. 4 byrs, 6 birs, 8 birze, 8– brizz; 8–9 north. dial. bruzz: see also birse v.).
[OE. brýsan to crush, bruise, with which afterwards coalesced F. brisie-r, bruisier, bruser, to break, smash, shatter. The latter is of uncertain origin: see Diez, Littré, and Scheler. (The Anglo-French form was bruser: see senses 2, 3.) The normal modern Eng. representative alike of OE. brýse and OF. brise would be brīse (braɪz). The early ME. bruse may be explained as a s.w. spelling with the usual ü= OE. ȳ; brēse may also be accounted for as the Kentish form with ē for OE. ȳ; but the ME. forms brose, broose, broyse, brouse, and the modern bruize must be from the OFr. forms, though the phonological details are obscure. The shortening of the vowel in 15th c. northern brisse, brysse, and mod.Sc. brizz, Eng. dial. bruzz, is also unusual.]
1. trans. ‘To crush or mangle with the heavy blow of something not edged or pointed; to crush by any weight’ (J.). But now chiefly in a weaker sense: To injure by a blow which discolours the skin but does not lacerate it, and breaks no bones; to contuse:
a. (the body of men or animals).
(α) Forms brýsan, brise, brese, birse, byrse, briss.
c890K. ælfred Bæda v. vi. (Bosw.) His preosta ænne of horse fallende and ᵹebrysedne. a1000Be Domes Dæᵹe 49 Ne mid swiðran his swyþe nele brysan wanhydiᵹ ᵹemod. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 61 He wile smite mid..swuerde . and brisen. a1300Havelok 1835 That he sholde him..brisen so, that wit no salue Ne sholde him helen leche non. c1375? Barbour St. Vincentius 395 Sancte Vincent tormentit wes Byrsit, beft & brynt. c1400Destr. Troy 7929 My body hath þou brisit. c1430Syr Tryam. 237 Upon an olde stede, That was bresyd and blynde. 1470–85Malory Arthur (1817) I. 375 Sir kayes hors brysed hym ful sore. 1501Douglas Pal. Hon. iii. 1924 He..brissit all my banis.
(β) Form bruse, bruze.
a1375Joseph Arim. 501 In þe þikkeste pres he..Breek braynes a-brod, brusede burnes. 1387Trevisa Higden Rolls Ser. III. 59 Þe Sabynes..brusede and ouerlay þat mayde [Tarpeia]. 1516Fabyan Chron. II. 538 The erle marshall ouerthrewe his appellaunt, and so brusyd hym, yt..he dyed. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. iv. 34 Least they [fishes] their finnes should bruze..upon the stony grownd. 1591― Virgil's Gnat xxxvii, And with his hand him rashly bruzing slewe. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 221 And thereby brused the head of the..enemie of mankinde.
(γ) Form brose, broyse, broose, brouse.
1382Wyclif Num. xxii. 25 The asse ioynede hym silf to the wal, and briside [v.r. brosede] the foot of the sitter. 1430Lydg. Chron. Troy iv. xxx, On a shelde, brosed and affrayde They bare hym home. 1494Fabyan vi. clxiii. 140 [He] fell from his horse..whereof he was soo broysyd that he dyed. 1529More Comfort agst. Trib. ii. Wks. 1178/2 The iuste man though he fal, shall not be broosed. 1530Palsgr. 471/2, I brose with a stroke or with a fall..I have brousyd my shoulder with fallynge downe the stayres. c1563Thersites in 4 Old Plays (1848) 77 He wyll brose me.
(δ) Form bruise, bruize.
1580Baret Alv. B 1412 A wounde bruised is woorse than that is onely cut. 1598Shakes. Merry W. i. i. 294, I bruiz'd my shin th' other day. 1611Bible Gen. iii. 15 It shal bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heele. 1662Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 332 He fell down, and bruised himself to death. 1709Steele Tatler No. 45 ⁋7, I am bruised to Death. 1782Priestley Corrupt. Chr. II. x. 261 [They] made no scruple..to beat and bruise him. 1842Tennyson Two Voices 222 Cursed and scorn'd, and bruised with stones. 1871Morley Voltaire 74 In England..the peasant has not his feet bruised in wooden shoes.
b. (plants, fruit).
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 1047 Bot quen hit [the fruit] is brused oþer broken oþer byten in twynne. 1523Fitzherb. §129 Get as manye rotes with them as thou canste and breake them not nor bryse them. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, i. i. 8 Nor bruise her Flowrets with the Armed hoofes Of hostile paces. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Providence xvii. Bees work for man; and yet they never bruise Their masters flower. 1681Baxter in Bk. of Praise (1862) 202 If death shall bruise this springing seed Before it comes to fruit.
c. To make a dent in, crush out of shape, batter (a hard surface).
1530Palsgr. 471/2, I brose harnesse or ones flesshe, whan it synketh in with the weyghtynesse of strokes, Jenfondre. His heed pece was brosed with the stroke that a man myght have layed his hande in the hole. 1599[see bruised ppl. a.] 1875Lanc. Gloss. (E.D.S.) 60 Aw've bruzzed mi clog-nose wi puncin' that owd can.
d. To maul as a boxer or prize-fighter.
a1625Fletcher Nice Valour i. i, He shall bruise three a month.
†2. To break (in pieces, down), to smash. Obs. [This sense was apparently from French.]
[1292Britton i. xi. §1 Ceux, qi felounousement..brusent eglises, ou autri mesouns.] a1300E.E. Psalter xlv[i]. 10 Bowe shall he bris, and breke wapenes ma. 1382Wyclif 2 Kings xi. 18 And thei distruyden his auters and the ymagis broosiden to gydris miȝtily. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 438/4 He toke breed and..brosyd and gaue it to his dyscyples. 1494Fabyan vii. ccxxiv. 286 Kyng Phylyp..broused or crased y⊇ castellys. c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 30 Not leue standyng neyther castel nor toure vp right; but I shall bruise them downe to the erth. 1535Coverdale Dan. ii. 40 As yron brusseth and breaketh all thinges. 1590R. Ferris Trav. Bristowe in Collier Illust. E.E. Pop. Lit. xvii, Had his foote once slipped..he would haue beene brused in peeces. 1611Art of Venerie 77 Let him plash or bruse down small twigges.
3. fig. (to senses 1, 2, 4) To crush, wound, disable.
[1292Britton i. xxi. §7 Qi les sequestres de nos ministres a escient eynt bruseez.] 1382Wyclif Deut. ix. 3 Fier deuowrynge and wastynge, the which brisse [MS. E. bruse] hem down. ― Prov. Prol. 1 Thurȝ long sicknesse brosid. c1500Partenay 3748 Peruers fortune..Which on reisith, Anothir don brise. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, v. ii. 2 Bruis'd vnderneath the yoake of Tyranny. 1600Holland Livy xlii. l. 1144 How they have quelled and bruised [fregisse] the puissance of the Carthaginians. 1667Milton P.L. v. 884 An Iron Rod to bruise and breake Thy disobedience. 1871Morley Crit. Misc. (1886) III. 44 He feared that violent surgery which in eradicating a false opinion fatally bruises at the same time a true and wholesome feeling that may cling to it.
4. To beat small, pound, crush, bray, grind down.
1382Wyclif Lev. ii. 16 A part of the brisde corn. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xvi. (1495) 121 The Iawes ben as it were two mylstones contynued to brose and grynde the mete. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 45 Ȝif þay [peas] ben harde..Brysse hom or strene hom. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §59 Take that grasse, and broyse it a lyttell in a morter. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 194 Some scatt'ring Pot-herbs..bruis'd with Vervain. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. II. 415 Bruize eight gallons of red currants with one quart of raspberries. 1847–9Todd Cycl. Anat. & Phys. IV. 15/1 Larger morsels..are first seized and bruised by the dental apparatus.
†5. To crush by pressure, jam, squeeze. (The ordinary sense in mod.Sc. See also birse v.)
1614Raleigh Hist. World II. v. iii. §6 Wind bruised out of a bladder. 1725Ramsay Gentle Sheph. iii. iii. Poems (1844) 38 Let my arms..brizz thy bonny breasts and lips to mine. a1774Fergusson Drink Eclog. Poems (1845) 51 The thrifty guid-wife sees Her lasses kirn, or birze the dainty cheese. Mod.Sc. He has briz'd his finger in the door.
6. Naut. to bruise water: see quots.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Bruising water, pitching heavily to a head-sea, and making but little head-way. Bruise-water, a ship with very bluff bows, built more for carrying than sailing. 1880Daily Tel. 7 Sept., While, rail under, she is bruising her water like a barge.
7. intr. with along. To ride on recklessly, without regard to fences or crops damaged, or to sparing the horse. (Hunting slang: cf. to pound along.)
1865Dublin Univ. Mag. II. 19 A majority of those who follow them have..no notion of hunting, but go ‘bruising’ along. 1872Anteros xii. 110 The baron hunted his five days..bruising along..determinedly.
8. To become bruised.
1912W. Deeping Sincerity xxii. 175 The huge mouth seemed to bruise like an over-ripe love-apple.
▪ III. bruise
obs. form of brewis; var. of brose. |