| 释义 |
▪ I. scoff, n.1|skɒf|
Forms: 4 skof(f, (pl. scoffes), 4–6 scof, 6 Sc. skwff, skuf, 6–7 scoffe, skoffe, 7 (schoffe), Sc. skuff, 6– scoff.
[ME. scof, skof, of obscure origin.
In sense the word agrees with ON. skop neut. (the ablaut-variant skaup is more common), corresp. to OHG. scoph, scopf and prob. cogn. w. OE. scop poet: see scop. It is possible that there was a cognate and synonymous form *skof of which the Eng. word may be an adoption; cf. early mod.Da. skuf, skof, jest, mockery, skuffe to jest, mock, also (as now) to deceive, disappoint, MLG. schoven; Richthofen cites a single instance of OFris. schof, which he interprets ‘mockery’.]
1. a. ‘Contemptuous ridicule; expression of scorn; contumelious language’ (J.); mockery. Phrase, to make scoff. Now rare or Obs.
13..K. Alis. 667 (Laud MS.) This nis nouȝth romaunce of skof [Lincoln's Inn MS. scof]. Ibid. 5461 Nov it is ypassed, hij ne don þerof Bot gamenen togedres, & ek scoff. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7586 ‘Drynk hail’, he seyþ, & drynkeþ þer-of, Kyssyng hym in bourde & scof. 1340Ayenb. 128 Do away þe scoffes and þe scornes. a1450Myrc What maner þynge þou art gulty of, Telle me boldely & make no scof. c1530Crt. Love 1185 ‘Bereve me, goddesse’, quod he, [of] thy might, My skornes all and skoffes, that I have No power forth, to mokken any wight That in thy service dwell. 1538Bale Brefe Comedy Tempt. Chr. D iv, If ye do beleue, that ye are the sonne of God, Beleue thys also, if ye leape downe here in scoff, From thys hygh pynnacle, ye can take no harme theroff. a1572Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 49 The Bischope was heightly offended, asweill at the skwff and bitter mock, as at the bold libertie of that learned man. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. ii. 263 By heauen, all drie beaten with pure scoffe. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. II. 188 Doubtles gif we returne, we sal vndirly a perpetual skuf and shame. 1598R. Grenewey Tacitus, Ann. i. iii. (1622) 6 [Augustus] asked the opinion of the Pontife in a scoffe, whether there might be a lawfull marriage betwixt them. 1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 1 As in nicknames taken up in scoffe. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 205 Being to receive the Sacrament he demaunded in scoffe a great piece of bread. a1854H. Reed Lect. Brit. Poets (1857) 360 It was a piece of scoff at his political foes.
b. A derisive jest, an expression of mockery.
1573G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 14 And now he was thurrouly furnisshid with a cumpani of gud lusti cuts and stateli scofs. 1604Hieron Wks. I. 502 The schoffes of Ismalitish papists. 1610Healey St. Aug. Citie of God xiii. xvi. (1620) 456 But the Philosophers..thinke they giue vs a witty scoffe for saying that [etc.]. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 313 We..telling him of these spirits, being a Protestant, he made a scoffe at it. c1665Mrs. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1885) I. 37 He detested all scoffs at any practice of worship. 1741Watts Improv. Mind i. xiv, Some little souls..for want of a due acquaintance with other sciences make a scoff at them all in comparison of their favourite science. 1751Earl of Orrery Remarks Swift (1752) 124 The scoffs and sarcasms of Swift, like the bite of the rattlesnake, distinguish themselves more venomously dangerous, than the wounds of a common serpent. 1818Shelley Rev. Islam xii. iii, Yet none do wreak their scoffs on him. 1827Coleridge Lit. Rem. (1839) IV. 319 Why, this is the very scoff of a late Unitarian writer. 1842J. H. Newman Par. Serm. VI. xvii. 258 Worldly men have their scoff at our failure of discernment now. 1877Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. i. xi. 130 With the scoffs came tales of the retribution which instantly over⁓took the scoffers.
†c. transf. A mere jest. Obs.
1594Nashe Unfort. Trav. K 4 b, Day by day he disgested his meate with leading her the measures [making her ‘dance’, by flogging]... The ballet of the whipper of late days here in England, was but a scoffe in comparison of him.
2. An object of contempt or scorn; a mark for derision or scoffing.
1640Sir W. Mure Counter-Buff 382 Then with a daring boldnesse, thou reviles That sacred name, and with base skurill stiles..Thou makes of it a sesam, a skuff, a sport. 1660N. Ingelo Bentiv. & Ur. i. (1682) 77 Is not he the common scoff of all beholders? 1668–9Pepys Diary 31 Jan., Dr. Waterhouse..was mighty passionate against people that make a scoff of religion. 1672Villiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Rehearsal iii. ii, How has my passion made me Cupid's scoff! 1733Swift Apol. 55 And since I 'scap'd being made a Scoff, I think I'm very fairly off. 1781Cowper Hope 743 These are thy glorious works, eternal truth, The scoff of wither'd age and beardless youth. 1817Keatinge Trav. I. 215 Ancient history, even where only founded on tradition, so long the scoff of shallow ignorance, pseudo-philosophy, and sordid indolence. 1825Macaulay Ess., Milton ⁋77 The principles of liberty were the scoff of every grinning courtier. 1855― Hist. Eng. xvi. III. 623 But the rest of his army was the scoff of all Europe.
▪ II. scoff, n.2 colloq., orig. S. African.|skɒf, -ɔː-|
Also schoff, skoff.
[Cape Du., repr. Du. schoft, quarter of a day, hence each of the four meals of the day.]
Food; also a meal. (Cf. scaff n.) Also attrib.
1846Swell's Night Guide 51 It vas hout-and-hout good scoff, and no flies. 1855J. W. Colenso Ten Weeks in Natal 54 The meat and other scoff (food), which the Kafirs are so fond of. 1863J. S. Dobie Jrnl. 6 Jan. (1945) 60 The best one was consigned to the Kafirs for ‘scoff’. 1879R. J. Atcherley Trip Boërland 101 Kafirs..get wages varying from 15s. to {pstlg}1, besides their food, or ‘scoff’..Indian or mealie flour. 1892R. Churchill Men, Mines, & Anim. ix. (1895) 132 They were stranded without any skoff. 1899Flynt Tramping with Tramps ii. iii. (1900) 251 Scoff's always more plenty than money. 1900S. Chambers Rhodesians 63 The bones left over from the Boss's skoff. 1902‘Coldstreamer’ Ballads of Boer War vii. 66 They gives 'im ‘schoff’ an' treats 'im kind, Instead o' striking 'im be'ind. 1926Variety 29 Dec. 5/3 Slang, in addition to providing me with seven flops weekly and three scoffs daily, has saved me from night school. 1928Daily Express 14 May 10/6 While you've had me locked up, I've eaten your scoff! 1934Detective Fiction Weekly 21 Apr. 109/2 Where the criminal eats he says he scoffs, and if he goes to a restaurant it is called a beanery, chow joint or scoff joint. 1955J. Cope Fair House v. 62 He treated them familiarly, shared his skoff-tin with them. 1960[see bevvy]. 1969in Halpert & Story Christmas Mumming in Newfoundland 84 One of the men might suggest to those in his group that everyone come over to his house for a ‘scoff’. 1976Australasian Express 11 June 25/3 A particularly memorable scoff was had on Colitzani beach. 1977J. Wainwright Do Nothin' xi. 182 A dance, all of her own, with guests and scoff and booze of her own choice. 1981Guardian 24 Aug. 8 Ah! Scoff ahoy! I spy Florida Cocktail and Gammon Steak Hawaii!
▪ III. scoff, v.1|skɒf, -ɔː-|
Also 4 scof, 6–7 scoffe, skoffe.
[f. scoff n.1]
1. intr. To speak derisively, mock, jeer. Const. at, † of, † over, † upon, † with. Chiefly implying unworthy derision, as of something deserving reverence or consideration.
a1380St. Savina 255 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 97 Hit neodeþ not to þe forte scof. 1530Palsgr. 706/1, I scoffe, I bourde or jest with one, je me bourde. I scoffe with hym, je me bourde a luy. Ibid., I scoffe, I jest upon one, je jonche and je larde. Hast thou naught els to do but scoffe upon me. 1560Jewel Reply to Cole Wks. (1609) 37 The Councell of Paris was scoft at, and iested out of all parts. 1570Levins Manip. 156/39 To skoffe, scommari. a1572Knox Hist. Ref. i. (1586) 163 In this disputation manie other thinges were merily skoft ouer. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. vi. 21 Thereat Diana gan to smile, in scorne Of her vaine plaint, and to her scoffing sayd. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 45 Burg. [to Joan of Arc] Scoffe on vile Fiend, and shamelesse curtizan. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. ⁋2 And yet for as worthy an acte as euer he [David] did..he was scorned and scoffed at by his owne wife. a1643Ld. Falkland, etc. Infallibility (1646) 94 There is a difficulty which may exercise you instead of scoffing of his Lordship in the close of the Chapter. 1655Walton Angler i. (1661) 4 'Tis an easie thing to scoff at any Art or Recreation; a little wit mixt with ill nature, confidence, and malice, will do it. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 629 So they among themselves in pleasant veine Stood scoffing. 1758Johnson Idler No. 18 ⁋3 Among the numbers whom you have taught to scoff at the retirement of Drugget, there is one who offers his apology. 1770Goldsm. Des. Vill. 180 And fools who came to scoff, remain'd to pray. 1821Shelley Song, ‘Rarely, rarely, comest thou’ ii, With the joyous and the free Thou wilt scoff at pain. 1859Tennyson Marr. Geraint 58 And by and by the people..Began to scoff and jeer and babble of him As of a prince whose manhood was all gone. 1886G. Allen Darwin xii. 201 Harvey's grand discovery..was scoffed at for nearly a whole generation.
2. a. trans. To scoff at, deride, ridicule irreverently. ? Obs. exc. U.S.
1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 170 Such grosse questions are to be aunswered with slender reasons, and such idle heads should be scoffed with adle aunsweres. c1592Marlowe Massacre Paris (? 1600) B 3, Was it not thou that scoftes [sic] the Organon, And said it was a heape of vanities? 1593Shakes. Rich. II, iii. ii. 163. 1607 B. Barnes Divils Charter i. v. C 2, Scoffst thou me Gismond with continuall taunts? 1624Quarles Job Militant xi. 39, I would not scoffe you, nor with taunts torment ye. 1643Trapp Comm. Gen. xxxvi. 24 This same foolish wittiness Alexander wittily scoffed, when he gave [etc.]. 1676Glanvill Seasonable Reflect. 35 To Scoff Religion is ridiculously proud and immodest. 1733Swift Apol. 148 To see th' important Man of Dress Scoffing my College Aukwardness. 1795Southey Joan of Arc x. 319 He.. scoff'd their easy fears. 1891Mary A. Dodge Washington Bible Class ii. 48 (Funk) The men who are increasing the sum of the world's knowledge are studying, not scoffing the Bible. 1892Gunter Miss Dividends (1893) 210 Oh, how I have scoffed them in my heart.
†b. to scoff out: to dismiss or put aside scoffingly. Obs. rare.
1549Latimer 7th Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 200 They that be called to aunswere wyll not aunswere directlye, but skoffe the matter out. 1551Cranmer Answ. Gardiner i. 10 And so scoffe out both these hygh mysteries of Christe.
c. To utter in a scoffing manner (with the spoken words as obj.).
1862Mrs. H. Wood Channings I. v. 70 ‘A senior do it!’ scoffed Roland Yorke. 1894E. Fawcett New Nero v. 66 ‘I no more ruined her,’ scoffed Egerton, ‘than the Sultan of Turkey did!’ 1898Skeel & Brearley King Washington xxv. 155 ‘Not I,’ scoffed Anne, shaking her taffeta flounces. 1921[see poof int. A]. 1976J. Wainwright Bastard i. 23 ‘In this weather?’ I scoff. 1977P. G. Winslow Witch Hill Murder ii. xvii. 219 ‘Oh, come on, Supe,’ Jed scoffed. ‘You're really not trying to pin that murder on me, are you?’
▪ IV. scoff, v.2 slang and dial.|skɒf, -ɔː-|
Also scorf, skoff.
[app. orig. a variant of scaff v., taken into slang from dialectal use; latterly associated with the orig. South African scoff n.2]
1. a. trans. To eat voraciously, devour; also gen. to eat. Also with up, down. Also fig.
1846Swell's Night Guide 48 He scoffed weed; that is, chewed tobacco. Ibid. 50 You must grub with the grunters, and scoff cabbage without salt. 1864Hotten's Slang Dict., Scorf, to eat voraciously. 1876Whitby Gloss., Skoff, to eat with audible voracity. 1883Clark Russell Sailors' Lang., Scoffing, eating. To scoff a thing is to eat it. 1886W. H. Long Dict. Isle Wight Dial. 61 They zet down and scoffed every bit o' grub there was on the taable. 1895A. Patterson Man & Nature in Broads 122 A bunch of grey lag-geese as wor scoffin' (eating) the young wheat in a field up hinder. 1901W. S. Walker In the Blood iv, Those birds kill snakes do they?.. Rather... They goes down themselves and scoffs them. 1942Tee Emm (Air Ministry) II. 148 Fluorescence which he said tasted horrible, and of which he scoffed quite a fair amount while he was waiting to be lifted out of the water. 1956I. Murdoch Flight from Enchanter 125, I wonder what happens to it [sc. a magazine]. Fay must scoff it up in her room. 1967E. Gilzean Murder on Sundays ii. 33 Come on, Janet. They'll have scoffed all the beer and cider if we don't hurry. 1972R. K. Smith Ransom v. 231 Scoff it up, chillun..and you'll grow up big and strong. 1973J. Porter It's Murder with Dover v. 45 In the dining room the reporters..were..noisily scoffing down everything that was put in front of them. 1979Daily Tel. 13 Oct. 12/3 Should the farmer wish to supplement the rations of his cattle or sheep in bad weather then he must stand guard over the feeding trough to stop the horses scoffing the lot.
b. intr. To eat or feed; to have one's food with.[Cf. Du. schoften to take one's meals.] 1798A. Barnard Jrnl. 24 May in A. W. C. Lindsay Lives of Lindsays (1849) III. 464 [The Boer] concludes of course that the passengers want to scoff (to eat). 1850H. Melville White-Jacket xv. 73 Bear a hand, and ‘scoff’ (eat) away... Some of you fellows keep scoffing as if I had nothing to do but..look on. 1855G. H. Mason Life with Zulus of Natal xvi. 193 A Caffre..entered our service... It soon became manifest that our new servant was a madman... He would commence a war-song, or call for us to get up and ‘scoff’ (eat) with him. 1899Lowth Dau. of Transvaal xi. 191, I say, here come those three, still skoffing. 1900S. Chambers Rhodesians 18 I'll ‘skoff’ with Achille this month. 1926Clues Nov. 158/2 Let's scoff. Get the duffer. 1931‘D. Stiff’ Milk & Honey Route 213 Scoffing, to eat. To scoff regularly means to miss no meals. 1944D. Burley Orig. Handbk. Harlem Jive 70 Really knock yourself out as you scoff. 1965R. Erskine Passion Flowers in Business xiii. 164 Can we please go and scoff? 1973C. Himes Black on Black 133 Go on, baby, you can be back in an hour with 'nuff bread so we can scoff.
2. trans. To seize, plunder.
1893Kipling Many Invent., Judson & the Empire, Are we a set of hairy pirates to scoff the storeroom of a painted Levantine bumboat? Ibid., There's enough [gold-leaf] for two first-rates, and I've scoffed the best half of it. 1898C. J. C. Hyne Capt. Kettle xi. 289 Some of those lousy Portuguese have been on board and scoffed all the money. 1903B. Mitford Veldt Vendetta 122 Why the Kafirs'd have skoffed the whole span long before and started out to rake in more. |