| 释义 |
▪ I. sclerotic, a.1 and n.|sklɪəˈrɒtɪk|
In 7 sclero-, sclirotyke, -tike.
[a. med. and mod.L. sclērōticus (med.L. in fem. form sclerotica), a. late Gr. *σκληρωτικός having the property of hardening, pertaining to sclerosis or hardening, f. σκληροῦν: see scleroma.]
A. adj.
1. Anat. In sclerotic coat, sclerotic membrane, sclerotic tunic = B. 1. Cf. sclerotica.
1543Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. Interpr., Sclirotike. The fyrst skynne of the eye, which conteyneth vnder hym all the other skinnes, & couereth, in y⊇ hinder the glassye, and crystalline humour, is called in Greke Scleros, and barbarouslye sclirotike, that is to saye, harde. 1691Ray Creation ii. (1692) 26 The ciliary processes, or rather the ligaments, observed in the inside of the Sclerotick Tunicles of the Eye,..do serve instead of a Muscle. 1741A. Monro Anat. of Nerves (ed. 3) 44 After piercing the sclerotick Coat. 1842Brande Dict. Sci., etc. s.v. Eye, The internal parts of the eye are, the sclerotic membrane, which is the hard outer case of the globe [etc.]. 1882Newton in Encycl. Brit. XIV. 244/1 The irides are of a light orange, and the sclerotic tunics,—equivalent to the ‘white of the eye’ in most animals,..are in this [the Lämmergeyer] very conspicuous.
b. Of or pertaining to, or connected with the sclerotic coat of the eye.
sclerotic bone, sclerotic plate = sclerotal; sclerotic ring, the ring formed by the sclerotic bones of the eyeball.
1822–29[see sclerotitis]. 1840Macgillivray Brit. Birds III. 150 The Sclerotic Bones..are in this eye fifteen in number. 1851Mantell Petrifactions iii. §3. 160 The bony sclerotic plates of the organs of vision. 1883–4Medical Ann. 13/1 Less likely to be followed by complications than sclerotic..incisions. 1896H. Woodward Guide Fossil Rept. Brit. Mus. 8 A genus of Crocodiles remarkable for the presence of a sclerotic ring in the eye and the absence of bony scutes.
†c. See quot. (? A misapprehension.)
1681tr. Willis' Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Sclerotick, that is troubled with some tumor in the third panicle of the eye, called the cornea membrana, or somewhere thereabouts.
2. Of medicines: Adapted to harden the tissues.
1696Phillips (ed. 5), Sclerotic Medicines, such as unite the parts more firmly amongst themselves. 1858Mayne Expos. Lex., Sclerotic, applied to drying medicines.
3. Path. Of or pertaining to sclerosis; affected with sclerosis.
1543Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. 78 Apostemes sclerotyke, of the fyngers and toes. Ibid., Table, Sclirotyke aposteme. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 521 The lesion invariably consists of a nodule or mass of hard sclerotic tissue with a calcified centre. Ibid. 864 Alcohol is usually said to..lead to sclerotic changes in the valves of the heart.
4. Bot. Hardened, stony in texture.
sclerotic cells, grit-cells or sclereids; sclerotic parenchyma, grit-cells or stone-cells in pears, etc.
1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 330 A sheath composed of sclerotic lignified elements goes all round the bundle. Ibid. 419 The outer layer of the cortex of the root is often sclerotic in a high degree.
5. fig. Unmoving, unchanging, rigid.
1965Listener 20 May 737/2 Why is it, I asked myself, that so many theatre people in Russia call the Moscow Arts old-fashioned and sclerotic? 1968Daily Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 13 Dec. 61/1 The sidewalks of New York seem to get harder year by year, the skyscrapers more inhumanly overbearing, the traffic more sclerotic. 1979Washington Star 8 May a15/7 She [sc. Margaret Thatcher] has to deal with tacky little things like the secondary boycotts, repealing sclerotic tax laws, [etc.].
B. n.
1. The hard outer coat of the posterior part of the eyeball, forming the white of the eye.
1690J. Edwards Demonstr. Exist. God ii. (1696) 30 It is the foremost part of this skin which hath the epithet of corneous, and the hinder is properly the sclerotick. 1751Spry Morbid Eye in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 19 Yet the bloodvessels of the conjunctive were no way enlarged, nor in the least redder than that and the sclerotic were before. 1872Huxley Physiol. ix. 225 The eyeball is composed..of a..case consisting of fibrous..tissue the greater part of which is white and opaque, and is called the sclerotic. 1900J. Hutchinson in Arch. Surg. XI. 42 He is a pale sallow man with very white sclerotics.
2. A medicine for hardening the flesh, etc.
1728in Chambers Cycl.; and in later Dicts.
▪ II. sclerotic, a.2|sklɪəˈrɒtɪk|
[f. Sclerot-ium + -ic.]
sclerotic acid, one of the two most active constituents of ergot.
1876Pharm. Jrnl. 17 June 1001/1 In ergot there also occurs from 2 to 3 per cent. of a substance similarly soluble in water,..this..we have named Sclerotic Acid. |