| 释义 |
▪ I. bran, n.1|bræn|
Forms: 3–4 bren, 5 brenne, bryn(e, 6 brene, 5–7 branne, 3– bran.
[a. OF. bren, bran; cf. Pr. and Sp. dial. bren, It. dial. brenno, brinnu, bren, bran. A Celtic etymology is usually alleged, but the words quoted, Bret. brenn, Welsh bràn, Gael. bran, appear to be adopted from Fr. and Eng. The sense of ‘filth, excrement’, which belongs to bren or bran in mod.Fr., is not recorded in OFr.; if this were the primary sense, we might compare Welsh braen, Ir. brean, Gael. breun, which have in composition the sense of ‘manure’.]
1. a. The husk of wheat, barley, oats, or other grain, separated from the flour after grinding; in technical use, the coarsest portion of the ground husk (see quot. 1883).
a1300Cursor M. 15524 He wil þe sift nu if he mai, as man dos corn or bran. c1325Gloss. W. de Biblesw. in Wright Voc. 155 Le furfre, bren. c1386Chaucer Reeve's T. 133 In stide of flour yet wol I yeue hem bren. 1464Mann. & Househ. Exp. 254 My mastyr payd..for bred and brenne, vj.s. 1547Boorde Brev. Health §377 Made with..the bran of benes. 1620Venner Via Recta i. 18 There is a kinde of abstersiue faculty in the bran. 1756Nugent Gr. Tour Italy III. 344 They have an academy called La Crusca (a word which signifies bran, alluding to the sifting of the flour). 1883Knowledge 24 Aug. 120/1 The husk is separated in different degrees of coarseness; ‘bran’, ‘pollard’, & ‘sharps’..bran being the coarsest.
b. fig. and transf. (Proverbial phrases, to sift to the bran, to take the flour and leave the bran.)
1577Hellowes Gueuara's Fam. Ep. 237 You bestowed so much branne in the worlde. 1607Shakes. Cor. i. i. 150 All From me do backe receiue the Flowre of all, And leaue me but the Bran. 1639J. Clarke Parœmiol. 326 The Devils meale is halfe branne. 1654Jer. Taylor Real Pres. A j, Nothing which had not been already considered, and sifted to the bran. 1659Gauden Tears Ch. 182 The ignorant vulgar (who are the bran and coarser sort of people).
†2. Scurf in the hair. Obs. (Cf. Gr. πίτυρον, L. furfur.)
1578Lyte Dodoens i. lxxiii. 110 The lye..doth clense the heare from all bran or white scurffe. 1580Baret Alv. B 1133 Full of branne or skurfe.
3. Comb., chiefly attrib. (containing bran as an ingredient), as bran-biscuit, bran-bread, bran-cake, bran-loaf, bran-mash, bran-poultice, bran-tea, bran-water; also bran-bath, a bath taken in water in which bran has been steeped; bran-boil (Calico Printing), a boiling of the fabrics in bran-water in order to remove colouring matters from them; † bran-dance U.S. (see quot. 1833); bran-drench, a bath of bran and water in which leather is placed to remove the lime used in liming; bran-duster, a machine for ‘dusting’ or clearing away flour from bran; bran-pie (see pie n.2 2); bran-stuffed ppl. a., stuffed with bran; bran-tub = bran-pie; also fig.
1875Ure Dict. Arts I. 463 There is no advantage in adding soap to the *bran boil.
c1425Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker Voc. 657 Panis furfurius, *branbred. 1870Daily News 28 Oct., An order that..no bread should be made in..Metz except bran bread.
1833Sk. D. Crockett 148 This is the famous *bran-dance of the west, and derives its name from the fact that the ground is generally sprinkled with the husk of Indian meal. 1887Harper's Mag. Dec. 61/2 It all kem about from that thar bran dance.
1883Haldane Workshop Rec. Ser. ii. 373 *Bran-drench..is prepared by soaking wheaten-bran in cold water..and straining the extract.
1849Rep. Comm. Patents (U.S.) 374 No. 6952.—Improvement in *Bran Dusters.
1838Penny Cycl. XII. 309/1 A *bran-mash is given after a day of more than usual fatigue. 1862F. Griffiths Artill. Man. (ed. 9) 221 Let ample bran mashes be given.
1838I. Taylor Home Educ. 265 Wooden, waxen, and *bran-stuffed personages that crowd..the drawing-room.
1849C. Brontë Let. in Mrs. Gaskell Life (1857) II. 91 The pains..return..but I combat them steadily with pitch plasters and *bran tea.
1858C. Parry in E. Parry Mem. vii. (1870) 173 It quite reminded me of the *bran-tub itself as I unpacked each separate article. 1909Westm. Gaz. 22 Apr. 8/2 Sideshows will contain the ever-popular phrenologist's tent and bran-tub. 1963Times Lit. Suppl. 26 Apr. 313/3 This is a mathematical bran-tub.
1875Ure Dict. Arts I. 463 The clearing process..by boiling in *bran-water.
▪ II. † bran, n.2 Obs.
Also 7 brann(e.
[Prob. special use of bran n.1, suggested by the L. phrase ejusdem farinæ; influence from brand would seem probable, but that word does not appear to have had the required sense so early.]
Sort, class, quality.
1610Bp. Hall Apol. Brownists 59 Their Popes supremacy, infallibility..and a thousand other of this branne. 1647Jer. Taylor Dissuas. Popery iii. (1686) 225 They add more particulars of the same Bran. 1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 237 A particular bran of persons who will..be accounted the Church of England. Ibid. ii. 327 Magnifyed and esteemed..by those of your Bran and Leaven.
▪ III. † bran, n.3 Obs.
Also brane.
[a. F. bran(e ‘a kind of unreclaimable wild Oxe in Provence and Languedoc’ (Cotgr.), ad. pseudo-Latin branus, brana, a misreading of brauus, braua; cf. mod.Pr. brau bull.]
A name applied to some imperfectly known animal, described as a wild ox.
1688Holme Armoury ii. ix. 170 Markham..calls it a Buffle, or Wild Oxe; others call them Brans, or Branes, or Wild Oxen.
▪ IV. † bran, n.4 Obs. rare—1.
[The original Latin document (printed in Riley's Mon. Gildhallæ II. 118) has brannum; Riley also cites brenna from Gervase of Canterbury, apparently the freshwater bream; cf. branling, brandling; also barne.]
Some kind of fish.
1720Stow's Survey (ed. Strype 1754) II. v. xxvi. 464/2 A better Bran, Sard, and Betule for 3d.
▪ V. bran, v.|bræn|
[f. bran n.1]
trans. To ‘clear’ maddered goods by boiling in bran-water. Hence branning vbl. n. |