| 释义 |
▪ I. scar, n.1|skɑː(r)|
Forms: 4–5 skerre (5 sckerre), skarre, 4–6 skar, 4–5, 7 scarre, 5 skyrre, 7 scarr, 7– scar, (8–9 dial. skeer, 9 Sc. skair). Also scaur.
[App. a. ON. sker neut. (Da. skjær, Sw. skär) recorded only in the sense of a low reef in the sea, a skerry (cf. sense 3). Cf. Gael. sgeir a rock in the sea (from ON.), f. OTeut. *sker- to cut: see shear v.]
†1. A rock, crag. Obs.
13..St. Cristofer 135 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 456 He loked abowte; þane was he warre Of an ermytage vndir a skerre. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 99 Þe mount of Oreb is a partie of þe mounte of Synay,..but hit is harde to come þerto for hiȝe rokkes and skarres [L. propter scopulos præruptos]. 1388Wyclif 1 Sam. xiv. 4 Scarris brokun bifore [Vulg. scopuli prærupti]. a1400–50Alexander 4865 Rochis & rogh stanes rokkis vnfaire, Scutis to þe scharpe schew sckerres a hundreth. c1450Mirks Festial 206 For þer was non erþe to make a graue, he layde hit vndyr a honging skyrre. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) II. 415 Ane fair castell standand on the se skar, Is callit now the castell of Dumbar Efter his name.
2. A lofty, steep face of rock upon a mountainside; a precipice, cliff.
1673Depos. Cast. York (Surtees) 196 She and Jane Makepeace of New Ridly had trailed a horse of the said Geo. downe a great scarr. 1721Ramsay Ode to the Ph― i, O'er ilka cleugh, ilk scar, and slap. 1776Pennant Tour in Scot. ii. 347 Wensley-dale, a beautiful and fertile vale..in many parts cloathed with woods, surmounted by long ranges of scars, white rocks, smooth and precipitous in front, and perfectly even at their tops. 1833–4J. Phillips Geol. in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VI. 703/2 The magnificent ranges of scars which begird the hills of Derbyshire and Westmoreland. 1847Tennyson Princess iv. (Song), O sweet and far from cliff and scar The horns of Elfland faintly blowing! 1888Henley Bk. Verses 157 And in the silver dusk you hear, Reverberated from crag and scar, Bold bugles blowing points of war.
3. A low or sunken rock in the sea; a rocky tract at the bottom of the sea.
a1712Halyburton Memoirs ii. (1824) 74 We were in imminent danger of shipwreck on the scars of England. 1791‘G. Gambado’ Ann. Horsem. ix. (1809) 106 My horse..ran straight on for the cliffs above the Scar. 1823W. Scoresby Jrnl. Whale Fish. 6 A bank or ‘scar’ stretches from Kirkholm Point on the west side. 1882J. B. Baker Hist. Scarborough 329 The bottom [of the sea] from hence all the way to the edge of the Dogger Bank is a scarr.
4. The rough burnt-out cinder left in a furnace; = clinker n.1 3.
1852Eng. & Foreign Mining Gloss. 62 Scars, clinkers. 1893–4Northumbld. Gloss.
5. attrib., as scar-limestone, a carboniferous rock occurring in the Pennine Range.
1831A. Sedgwick in Trans. Geol. Soc. (1836) Ser. ii. IV. 70 Great scar limestone.
▪ II. scar, n.2|skɑː(r)|
Forms: 5–7 scarre, 6 scare, 6–7 skar(re, 7 scarr, 4, 6– scar.
[Prob. aphetic a. OF. escare (F. escarre, now written eschare), = Sp., Pg., It. escara, ad. late L. eschara, an eschar or scab formed in the healing of a burn or wound, a. Gr. ἐσχάρα lit. ‘hearth’. The Eng. sense has prob. been influenced by association with scar n.3]
1. a. The trace of a healed wound, sore, or burn; = cicatrix 1.
1388Wyclif Lev. xxii. 22 If it is blynd, if it is brokun, if it hath a scar [Vulg. cicatricem]. [Gloss in 5 MSS. c 1420–30: that is a notable fouleness dwellinge after the helinge of a wounde]. 1530Palsgr. 265/2 Scarre of a wounde, covsture.., trasse.., cicatrice. 1559Mirr. Mag., Salisb. xii, Of cured woundes beset with many a skarre. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 307 That wound neuer groweth to a skarre, which is not plyed with playsters. 1601Shakes. All's Well iv. v, A scarre nobly got, Or a noble scarre, is a good liu'rie of honor. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Ch. Mil. 63 The Warrior his deere skarres no more resounds, But seems to yeeld Christ hath the greater wounds. 1658A. Fox Wurtz Surg. ii. x. 87 At the Throat usually happen gross scarrs. 1672Wiseman Wounds i. viii. 73 He presently stript himself of his shirt, and shewed the Doctor, who both see and felt their scars [1676 the Cicatrices] and replied they are well. a1701Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 70 A great scar upon his Arm, which he told us was the mark of a wound. 1785Burns Jolly Beggars Air i, I am a son of Mars, who have been in many wars And show my cuts and scars wherever I come. 1810Scott Lady of L. iii. iv, His naked arms and legs, seamed o'er, The scars of frantic penance bore. 1875Manning Mission Holy Ghost viii. 216 If you had ever been wounded, there would be a scar left behind.
transf.1742Young Nt. Th. i. 430 As from the wing no scar the sky retains. 1884‘Mark Twain’ Huck. Finn (1885) ii. 24 We..pulled down the river..to the big scar on the hillside, and went ashore. 1929W. Faulkner Sartoris iv. 305 He sat his horse in the faint scar of the road. 1946R.A.F. Jrnl. May 172 Their repair work had been so rapid that we could find few scars in the main part of the city.
b. fig. A fault or blemish remaining as a trace of some former condition or resulting from some particular cause.
1583Babington Commandm. ix. (1590) 404 Let no proofe be brought for it, and neuer so much against it, yet stickes the scarre of suspition still. 1634W. Tirwhyt tr. Balzac's Lett. I. 169 There is now no longer meanes to cover this skarre which dishonoureth the face of State. 1710Sacheverell Sp. Impeachment 57 The Prosecution wou'd leave a Scar upon his good Name. 1820Shelley Fragm. Satire 19 The leprous scars of callous Infamy. 1860Emerson Cond. Life, Worship Wks. (Bohn) II. 397 Another scar of this scepticism is the distrust in human virtue.
†c. In phrases to bring, to draw, to cure to a scar, to treat a wound until it cicatrizes; to induce healing. Also fig. Obs.
1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 440/1 Penaunce..plastereth and patcheth vp, and maketh muche woorke to cure the wound and bring it to a scarre. 1578Lyte Dodoens i. xxxix. 57 The leaues..doth cure and heale olde woundes, that are harde to close or drawe to a Scarre. 1629Gaule Holy Madn. 285 Bold Heart and Braue! that hath already curbed his Passions and cured them to a skarre.
2. Nat. Hist. A mark or trace indicating the point of attachment of some structure that has been removed; Bot. and Conch. = cicatrix 2 and 3.
1793Martyn Lang. Bot. (1796), Hilum... The external mark or scar of the umbilical chord on some seeds, where they adhere to the pericarp. 1836Buckland Geol. & Min. xviii. §2 I. 475 Scars of leaves small. 1861Bentley Man. Bot. 97 The outside of the stem of a Fern is marked with a number of scars. 1870H. A. Nicholson Man. Zool. xlvi. (1875) 338 The ‘foot’..is essentially a muscular organ,..its retractor muscles usually leaving distinct impressions or scars (the ‘pedal impressions’) in the interior of the shell.
3. attrib. and Comb., as scar-bearer; scar-clad, scar-seamed adjs.; scar-edge = hilum; scar tissue, the fibrous connective tissue of which scars are formed; also fig.; scar-wort, ? some species of Lepidium.
a1701Sedley Tyrant of Crete i. ii, Sure, he was *scar-bearer to some army.
1792J. Wolcot (P. Pindar) Ep. to Ld. Macartney 59 And lo! The *scar-clad Veteran adores!
1887Amer. Naturalist XXI. 576 Four out of the twenty with the *scar-edge up, after exhausting the nourishment stored in the cotyledons, perished in their attempts to make a successful growth.
1813Scott Rokeby iv. iii, There rose the *scar-seam'd Veteran's spear.
1875T. Holmes Treat. Surg. xxi. 386 When the *scar-tissue remains permanent, although the scar is ugly and of lower organisation than the natural parts, yet it causes no important inconvenience. 1932F. Beekman Office Surg. xii. 291 Keloids appear most frequently in individuals of races who have a predisposition for the formation of excessive scar tissue. 1957A. Huxley Let. 12 Jan. (1969) 815, I have just embarked on a new treatment aimed at getting rid of some of the scar tissue on my corneas. 1975New Yorker 1 Dec. 55/2 ‘It leaves scar tissue,’ one former campaign manager said. ‘There's no way it can't have a deep impact on the candidate's psyche and physical condition.’ 1978J. Irving World according to Garp iii. 53 The brave face was naked, the eyes clear and challenging, the scar tissue every⁓where.
1657W. Coles Adam in Eden cccxvi. 588 Of Pepperwort or Dittander... There is a kinde hereof called ‘*Scarrewort, after the Greek name, either because it maketh a marke in the hand of him that shall hold it, or because it taketh away all manner of Scarres.
▪ III. scar, n.3|skɑː(r)|
[Perh. an altered form of scarth (a. ON. skarð), the loss of the th (ð) may have taken place in the plural: cf. clo'es (kləʊz) for clothes. Cf. also ON. skor score n.]
†1. A crack, chink; a cut, incision. Obs.
1390Gower Conf. I. 20 And ek fulofte a litel Skar Upon a Banke, er men be war, Let in the Strem. c1407Lydg. Reas. & Sens. 5427 The tother [bow], hydouse and ryght blak,..Ful of knottys and of skarrys, The tymber is so ful of warrys. c1440Promp. Parv. 442/2 Scarre, or brekynge, or ryvynge. c1440J. Capgrave Life St. Kath. v. 712 (Arund.) Thei myght see light as it gan creepe Thurgh-oute the scarres. 1653Walton Angler vii. 150 You must take your knife..cut or make an insition, or such a scar as you may put the arming wyer of your hook into it..and..draw out that wyer or arming of your hook at another scar neer to his tail.
2. A fragment, ‘shard’. Obs. exc. dial. (see E.D.D. s.v. Scard).
1698Thoresby in Phil. Trans. XX. 311, I got also some Scars of broken Urns,..which are of the finest blew Clay I have seen.
▪ IV. scar, n.4|skɑː(r)|
See also scare n.3, scaro.
[ad. L. scarus.]
= Scarus. Also scar-fish.
1748tr. Horace, Sat. ii. ii. (ed. 3) 117 Those who gorge and cloy themselves by over-eating, can relish neither Oysters, Scar, no, nor the Lagois itself. 1828–32Webster, Scar, a fish of the Labrus kind. 1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 380 Zanzibar has a large import trade of dry and salt fish, principally shark and scar-fish.
▪ V. scar, a. Sc. and north. (see E.D.D.)|skɑːr|
Also 5–6 skar, 6 sker, 8–9 scaur.
[a. ON. skiarr (Norw. skjerr), whence skirra to scare.]
1. Shy, afraid; scrupulous.
1530Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 126 That daye Neptunus hid hym, lyke one sker. c1560A. Scott Poems i. 211 Quhilkis ar not skar to bar on far fra bawrdis. 1573Satir. Poems Reform. xlii. 61 The vther sayis: ‘thocht ȝe wes skar, Me think that now ȝe cum ouir nar’. 1785Burns Addr. to Deil iii, An' faith! thou's neither lag nor lame, Nor blate nor scaur.
b. Of a horse: Shy, easily scared, restive. Of sheep: Wild. [So ON. skiarr.]
1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 357 The cappill..is nought skeich, na ȝit sker, na scippis nought on syd. 1679Fountainhall Decisions (1759) l. 59 The horse being scar, he twice threw him off, and so he broke his neck. 1714in Shirreff Agric. Shetld. (1814) App. 61 That such as had scar sheep might be appointed to tame them.
†2. ? Easily provoked. [Cf. Norw. skjerresinnad (Aasen) in the same sense.] Obs. rare.
c1460Towneley Myst. xxi. 301 Ye ar bot to skar, good sir abate.
▪ VI. scar, v.|skɑː(r)|
[f. scar n.2]
1. trans. To mark with a scar; to disfigure by inflicting a wound.
1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 164 A certayne well learned phisytion of Ciuife, was scarred with lyghtnynge in the nyghte season. 1604Shakes. Oth. v. ii. 4 Yet Ile not shed her blood, Nor scarre that whiter skin of hers then Snow. 1737[S. Berington] G. di Lucca's Mem. (1738) 32 One of the Balls went thro' my Hair, and the other scarr'd the side of my Neck. 1757Burke Abridgm. Eng. Hist. Wks. X. 262 In the same design of barbarous ornaments, their faces were generally painted and scarred. 1834Marryat P. Simple xli, She was scarred with the small-pox. 1852Mitchell Dream Life 219 The old maples are even now scarred with the rude cuts you gave them. 1884Punch 13 Sept. 122/1 I'm..scarred with brambles from head to foot.
b. transf.
1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 100 But if the Soil be barren, only scar The Surface, and but lightly print the Share. 1850Mrs. Browning Crowned & Buried xviii, I would that hostile fleets had scarred Torbay. 1871L. Stephen Playgr. Eur. x. (1894) 241 It is scarred and gashed by some of the..gullies of the Dolomite mountains. 1908Outlook 10 Oct. 460/2 Durham has been scarred and blackened by modern industrialism.
c. fig.
1593Nashe Christ's T. 81 Chastitie being once scarred is neuer salued.
2. a. trans. with up. To heal, cover with a scar. b. intr. with over. To heal; to become covered with a scar as a sign of healing.
1609[Bp. W. Barlow] Answ. Nameless Cath. 266 This Antilogie the Antapologer..would salue by a figure in Grammar called Acyrologie, and would scarre vp the wound by an improprietie of speech. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. III. cix. 577 Wounds which were just beginning to scar over were reopened by the war of 1812.
▪ VII. scar
obs. form of scare n. and v., shear. |